This iCue Mini-Documentary describes how, as American cities grew in the 19th and early 20th centuries, politics became dominated by the "machine," a sometimes corrupt system of authority.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes how, after the Civil War, some southern blacks left farms for new jobs in factories, but quickly realized that working conditions were poor and the pay was worse.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary introduces immigration to America, which began in the Colonial Period but took off following the War of 1812, and the arrival of a giant stream of refugees on American shores.

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Professor Edward T. O'Donnell analyzes an 1876 Harper's Weekly cartoon of an Irish immigrant, which reveals the racism of the day.

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Inspiration intersects with means in a partnership that resurrects a city. Character interpreter Ed Way discusses W.A.R. Goodwin, founder of Colonial Williamsburg.

To listen to this feature, select "All 2008 podcasts," and scroll to the November 3rd program. Audio and video options are available.

This is a repeat of node identification number 20482.

This iCue Mini-Documentary looks at Booker T. Washington. Emancipated as a slave, he rose to become one of the most respected black educators at the head of the Tuskegee Institute; however, he was also accused of accommodating whites and accepting racism against blacks instead of fighting it.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes the corruption that was commonplace in the late 19th century—scandal became the topic of many political cartoons of the day.

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A cartoon that shows two sides of millionaire philanthropist Andrew Carnegie is explained by Josh Brown of the American Social History Project.

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As America's factories grew in the late 19th century, so did the demands for unions as workers struggled with long hours, low wages, and dangerous working conditions.

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David S. Reynolds, author of Walt Whitman's America, says that Whitman had an almost utopian hope that his poetry could unite a country torn apart by the conflict over slavery.

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