Presidential Moments: Inaugural Addresses

date_published
Teaser

The Inaugural Address, the first impression of the new president on the nation. Will he secure the economic or international prestige of the nation? Will the nation become an even better version of itself during the course of his term? The Inaugural Address sets the tone for the first 100 days, at least, of the presidency.

quiz_instructions

Each U.S. President begins his term with a speech setting the tone for his next four years in office. Which President spoke these words during an inaugural address?

Quiz Answer

1. About to undertake the arduous duties that I have been appointed to perform by the choice of a free people, I avail myself of this customary and solemn occasion to express the gratitude which their confidence inspires and to acknowledge the accountability which my situation enjoins. While the magnitude of their interests convinces me that no thanks can be adequate to the honor they have conferred, it admonishes me that the best return I can make is the zealous dedication of my humble abilities to their service and their good...

It will be my sincere and constant desire to observe toward the Indian tribes within our limits a just and liberal policy, and to give that humane and considerate attention to their rights and their wants which is consistent with the habits of our Government and the feelings of our people.

Andrew Jackson (4 March 1829)

2. I am certain that my fellow Americans expect that on my induction to the Presidency I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our Nation impels. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself—nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days...

Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profit. These dark days will be worthy all they cast us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves and to our fellow men...

Our primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (4 March 1933)

3. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty...

Let [us] seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.

Now the trumpet summons us again—not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are—but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation"—a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.

John F. Kennedy (20 February 1961)

4. With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured...

Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding. Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own purposes.

Abraham Lincoln (4 March 1865)

5. Justice was the promise that all who made the journey would share in the fruits of the land.

In a land of great wealth, families must not live in hopeless poverty. In a land rich in harvest, children just must not go hungry. In a land of healing miracles, neighbors must not suffer and die unattended. In a great land of learning and scholars, young people must be taught to read and write.

For the more than 30 years that I have served this Nation, I have believed that this injustice to our people, this waste of our resources, was our real enemy. For 30 years or more, with the resources I have had, I have vigilantly fought against it. I have learned, and I know, that it will not surrender easily.

But change has given us new weapons. Before this generation of Americans is finished, this enemy will not only retreat-it will be conquered.

Justice requires us to remember that when any citizen denies his fellow, saying, "His color is not mine," or "His beliefs are strange and different," in that moment he betrays America, though his forebears created this Nation.

Lyndon B. Johnson (20 January 1965)

thumbnail
Inaugural
Preview Mode
On

Presidential Moments: Hail to the Chief Nicknames

date_published
Teaser

Presidential nicknames, fond or far-fetched. Everyone has one, but as president, they garner the respect and allegiance of the nation. Therefore, their nicknames are particularly intriguing and important to us.

quiz_instructions

When you're in the public eye (and the press) as much as the U.S. Commander in Chief, it's difficult to avoid gathering a few unofficial titles. Match the President to his nickname.

Quiz Answer

1. "Flying Dutchman":

Martin Van Buren. Martin Van Buren was a Dutch-American who grew up in Kinderhook, New York, speaking Dutch at home. The first President who was actually born a citizen of the country, he worked as a party organizer and a political strategist. He was not a popular leader, like his predecessor, charismatic Andrew Jackson. Other nicknames include "Red Fox of Kinderhook," "Little Magician," and "American Talleyrand."

2. The "Plodder":

James K. Polk. As Speaker of the House, prior to becoming President, Polk was known for his conscientiousness. He was not a popular man, without a personal following, known for being cold, suspicious, humorless, lacking charm and personal magnitude. He failed twice in reelection for governor of Texas.

3. "General Mum":

William Henry Harrison. Democrats criticized Whig Harrison for evading the issues during the campaign. The Whig party lacked an actual party platform in the election of 1840. Harrison made few speeches, apparently so nothing could be used against him. His most memorable speech, where he was not "mum," was his two-hour inauguration address. Unfortunately, he caught cold and died of pnemonia. He was also nicknamed "Old Tippecanoe," "Granny Harrison" (he was the oldest elected president of his time at age 68), Log Cabin Candidate (although he came from a privileged background), and "Cinncinatus of the West."

4. The "Usurper":

Rutherford B. Hayes. Due to the controversy of the election of 1876 resulting in a vote in the House of Representatives between Samuel J. Tilden and Hayes, who won by one vote, Hayes was also called "His Fraudulency and "Rutherfraud B. Hayes."

5. "Mr. Malaprop":

William Howard Taft. Careless about remembering names and tactless references, Taft often made politically self-damaging remarks. He was also known as "Taft the Blunderer." He often fell asleep during cabinet meetings dinners, and conferences.

6. "Chief of the One Liners":

Ronald Reagan. Reagan was also nicknamed "Great Communicator," "Chief Jokster," and "Chief Punster." He collected funny stories and solicited jokes for opportune situations. Secretary of State George Schultz often added a joke to cables sent to Reagan while overseas just to make sure the President read the cable. Reagan told many jokes about the Soviet Union and often told anti-Soviet stories, helping to develop a good relationship with Mikhail Gorbachev.

Sources
  • Paul F. Boller, Jr. Presidential Anecdotes (Philadelphia: Running Press, 2007).
Preview Mode
On

The Hermitage, Andrew Jackson, and America, 1801–1861

Description

From the Middle Tennessee State University website:

"The Hermitage: Home of President Andrew Jackson is uniquely positioned to interpret many of the changes in America from the dawning of westward expansion to the eve of the Civil War. Andrew Jackson, as both an agent and a product of change, was one of the most important, and most controversial, individuals during this period of turmoil and transition. As a political and military leader, as a businessman, and as a slave-owning cotton planter, he was at the center of important national issues. To many people in his day, Andrew Jackson was a symbol for American democracy, and he remains so in our own time. During the Jacksonian era, government moved from the republican system envisioned by the founding fathers to a democracy. Jackson also was a contentious president, touched by scandal, who took unpopular stands. His military and political careers are well known, but during his time democratic ideals were translated into religious life, reform movements, architecture, and the decorative arts. Daniel Feller, editor of the Papers of Andrew Jackson at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and a visiting scholar for each workshop, points out that, at the time, Americans exuded a great deal of optimism about the future. Our goal is to present multiple perspectives that allow teachers to draw their own conclusions about Jackson's role in shaping the politics and political ideals of American society. No single historical perspective can adequately or definitively interpret Andrew Jackson, The Hermitage, or an entire period of history. Participants will be encouraged to weigh historical and archaeological evidence, react to multiple interpretations, and draw their own conclusions to deepen and enrich their knowledge of history."

Contact name
Jan Leone
Contact email
Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
National Endowment for the Humanities, Middle Tennessee State University
Phone number
6158985798
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free; $1,200 stipend
Course Credit
"Participants will receive a formal certificate of completion to present for continuing education units or in-service credit from their school district or state. Signed certificates will be mailed to each participant after the final project has been submitted and evaluated. Participants also may enroll for three semester hours of credit from MTSU. To receive credit, participants must enroll in MTSU and pay tuition and fees (fees for in-state graduate credit are approximately $1,000, fees for out-of-state graduate credit are approximately $2,300). Non-MTSU students must enroll as non-degree status."
Duration
Six days
End Date

The Hermitage, Andrew Jackson, and America, 1801–1861

Description

From the Middle Tennessee State University website:

"The Hermitage: Home of President Andrew Jackson is uniquely positioned to interpret many of the changes in America from the dawning of westward expansion to the eve of the Civil War. Andrew Jackson, as both an agent and a product of change, was one of the most important, and most controversial, individuals during this period of turmoil and transition. As a political and military leader, as a businessman, and as a slave-owning cotton planter, he was at the center of important national issues. To many people in his day, Andrew Jackson was a symbol for American democracy, and he remains so in our own time. During the Jacksonian era, government moved from the republican system envisioned by the founding fathers to a democracy. Jackson also was a contentious president, touched by scandal, who took unpopular stands. His military and political careers are well known, but during his time democratic ideals were translated into religious life, reform movements, architecture, and the decorative arts. Daniel Feller, editor of the Papers of Andrew Jackson at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and a visiting scholar for each workshop, points out that, at the time, Americans exuded a great deal of optimism about the future. Our goal is to present multiple perspectives that allow teachers to draw their own conclusions about Jackson's role in shaping the politics and political ideals of American society. No single historical perspective can adequately or definitively interpret Andrew Jackson, The Hermitage, or an entire period of history. Participants will be encouraged to weigh historical and archaeological evidence, react to multiple interpretations, and draw their own conclusions to deepen and enrich their knowledge of history."

Contact name
Jan Leone
Contact email
Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
National Endowment for the Humanities, Middle Tennessee State University
Phone number
6158985798
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free; $1,200 stipend
Course Credit
"Participants will receive a formal certificate of completion to present for continuing education units or in-service credit from their school district or state. Signed certificates will be mailed to each participant after the final project has been submitted and evaluated. Participants also may enroll for three semester hours of credit from MTSU. To receive credit, participants must enroll in MTSU and pay tuition and fees (fees for in-state graduate credit are approximately $1,000, fees for out-of-state graduate credit are approximately $2,300). Non-MTSU students must enroll as non-degree status."
Duration
Six days
End Date

Abraham Lincoln and the Forging of Modern America

Description

From the Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville website:

"[This one-week workshop] will explore Abraham Lincoln's life in Springfield and New Salem Village, Illinois and the political and historical challenges he faced as President. Join us as we hear from outstanding Lincoln scholars drawn from universities in the St. Louis area."

Contact name
Caroline Pryor
Contact email
Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
National Endowment for Humanities, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville
Phone number
6186503439
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free; $1200 stipend
Course Credit
"SIUE can provide you with documentation of your attendance and participation in this workshop."
Duration
Five days
End Date

Abraham Lincoln and the Forging of Modern America

Description

From the Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville website:

"[This one-week workshop] will explore Abraham Lincoln's life in Springfield and New Salem Village, Illinois and the political and historical challenges he faced as President. Join us as we hear from outstanding Lincoln scholars drawn from universities in the St. Louis area."

Contact name
Caroline Pryor
Contact email
Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
National Endowment for Humanities, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville
Phone number
6186503439
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free; $1200 stipend
Course Credit
"SIUE can provide you with documentation of your attendance and participation in this workshop."
Duration
Five days
End Date

The Sixties in Historical Perspective

Description

From the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History:

"This seminar will explore a controversial era shrouded in myths and memories. Among the topics it will examine are the presidencies of John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and Richard Nixon; the civil rights movement; the Vietnam War; the New Left; the counterculture; the women's movement; the gay movement; the conservative movement; the international dimension of youth protest; and the legacies of the 1960s. The aim of the seminar is to provide a balanced history of a turbulent time that continues to influence American politics, society, and culture.

Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Phone number
6463669666
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free, $400 stipend
Course Credit
"The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is proud to announce its agreement with Adams State College to offer three hours of graduate credit in American history to participating seminar teachers. Teachers are required to submit a reflection paper and a copy of one primary source activity completed during or immediately after the seminar."
Duration
One week
End Date

Lincoln: Private Man, Public Leader

Description

From the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History:

"Professor Matthew Pinsker will lead an exploration of Lincoln's life and presidency. Discussion topics include Lincoln's self-made rise to power and the leading national challenges of the wartime period, including emancipation, civil liberties and military strategy. Participants will hold selected discussions on location at the Gettysburg battlefield and the Lincoln Cottage in Washington."

Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Phone number
6463669666
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free, $400 stipend
Course Credit
"The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is proud to announce its agreement with Adams State College to offer three hours of graduate credit in American history to participating seminar teachers. Teachers are required to submit a reflection paper and a copy of one primary source activity completed during or immediately after the seminar."
Duration
One week
End Date

Abraham Lincoln and His World

Description

From the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History:

"When Americans are asked to rank their presidents, Abraham Lincoln almost always comes out at the top. But why? Sometimes, the reason is that he freed the slaves . . . or that he saved the Union . . . or that he was a great war president . . . or that he was a master of words. All of these are true, but these truths don't get at the man behind these truths. Although Lincoln had next-to-nothing in the way of formal education, he possessed a natural intellectual curiosity, a voracious appetite for reading, and a passion for ideas. He was a lawyer, a politician, a fixer. But he was more than just a lawyer, a politician, or a fixer. Lincoln's curiosity . . . his reading . . . his ideas . . . led him into the vortex of the great clashes of ideas in the nineteenth century about religion, politics, Romanticism, race, and slavery. In this seminar, we will see how Lincoln was shaped by three important issues in his day:

• The clash of religion and the Enlightenment
• The offense of slavery
• The fight for the survival of democracy

This seminar will be an exploration of Lincoln's mind—of the great intellectual problems he faced, of the books he read, of the ideas he defended, and of the kind of democracy he thought was worth saving. And at the end, we will come to know Lincoln, not just as the greatest of presidents, but as a man of great ideas as well."

Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Phone number
6463669666
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free, $400 stipend
Course Credit
"The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is proud to announce its agreement with Adams State College to offer three hours of graduate credit in American history to participating seminar teachers. Teachers are required to submit a reflection paper and a copy of one primary source activity completed during or immediately after the seminar."
Duration
One week
End Date

John and Abigail Adams

Description

From the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History website:

"This seminar will focus on the personal and political partnership between Abigail and John Adams during the American Revolution and the creation of the infant republic. Readings will include My Dearest Friend: Letters of Abigail and John Adams, edited by Margaret Hogan and James Taylor, and John Adams by David McCullough. Joseph Ellis will share draft chapters from his forthcoming book on Abigail and John for comments and criticism. Participants will visit the Adams Homestead at Quincy. Students will also create a packet of teaching materials for classroom use on the question: was Abigail a feminist?"

Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Phone number
6463669666
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free, $400 travel stipend
Course Credit
"The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is proud to announce its agreement with Adams State College to offer three hours of graduate credit in American history to participating seminar teachers. Teachers are required to submit a reflection paper and a copy of one primary source activity completed during or immediately after the seminar."
Duration
One week
End Date