Durham and Franklin County Public Schools in North Carolina are teaming to deliver History LINK, a program of professional development that will target high school history teachers in nine schools that did not achieve Adequate Yearly Progress in 2008. Each year, participating teachers will attend 2-week summer institutes (to consist of a weeklong on-site history experience with a partner institution and a weeklong curriculum design seminar) as well as monthly seminars led by historians. Throughout the year, teachers will develop curriculum units and instructional materials that incorporate primary documents and technology. Up to 90 teachers (three cohorts of 30 teachers) will participate. The instructional emphasis will be on document-based questioning, using online primary sources for historical research, and incorporating interactive technology tools. Program leaders will hold follow-up meetings with teachers to support implementation of curriculum units developed during the program. These units may include teacher-developed virtual field trips, digital documentaries, and technology-facilitated interactions between students and historians.

Woodbury City Public Schools is an urban district in southern New Jersey near the site of the Battle of Red Bank during the Revolutionary War. About half of the students are from minority backgrounds, and the number of Latino students is growing. The district's history teachers have had few opportunities for professional development. History specialists will lead eight days of training a year, including two 2-day colloquia, two half days of research and review, and a 3-day summer institute. The project will also present 12 evening videoconferences that will be open to all district teachers. Each year, 40 teacher fellows will participate in activities designed in a turnkey train-the-trainer approach. The Battle of Red Bank project aims to help teachers, and thereby students, examine history through the lens of a historian. Teachers will study substantive content through researching political, economic, legal, and social events and issues in American history. They will look at contemporary and later historiographies, along with primary documents. Instructional strategies will include Binary Paideia and Understanding by Design. These strategies will be incorporated into teacher-designed lessons, which will also employ the American Institute for History Education's Talking History network, 12-step process for student research, and frameworks and strategies. Classroom observations and coaching will help teachers refine their lessons so they can be used by other teachers. Online resources provided through CICERO, a Web-based history resource, will be available to fellows and all district teachers. The project will develop a cadre of trainers to deliver turnkey replication of project activities, and a collection of lesson units that use innovative classroom strategies.

This northern New Jersey consortium has more than 157 schools in need of improvement. More than 28 percent of students are classified as disabled and many teachers are not highly qualified to teach American history. Coaching staff—historians and educators—will deliver 111 hours of training, plus eight hours aimed at helping nonparticipants implement curriculum created by participants. The project will offer three distinct 2-year programs, each designed to serve specific grade levels. Each year, each district will have five 2-hour afterschool workshops, one full-day training, a 35-hour summer institute, a regional event/conference to promote replication, on-site and online mentoring, and access to a Web site containing resources and other project products. Years 1 and 2 will involve 60 high school teachers; Years 2 and 3 will train 60 middle school teachers; and Years 4 and 5 will train 50 elementary teachers. The project theme is meeting the 21st Century challenge of helping the increasing numbers of immigrant, English as a Second Language, and disabled students reach proficiency in American history. The goal is systemic reform in a region where many districts have not updated their American history curricula for a decade. Teachers will practice such instructional strategies as historical inquiry skills, differentiated instruction, Understanding by Design, and literacy strategies that address the needs of struggling students. With an eye to replicating the project, leaders have a quasi-experimental design for pilot testing, evaluating and implementing 21st Century Teaching American History. They expect to end with a curriculum that organizes historical facts into big ideas, essential questions, and enduring understandings.

Led by the Miller R-II School District, a consortium of 14 rural Missouri school districts in need of improvement will address teachers' underpreparation in history education by implementing the Preserving America's Midwestern Heritage Fellowship. The fellowship program will offer 40 to 70 teachers of history in Grades 3-12 two professional development tracks. Those who choose Track 1 will attend at least six 3-hour content seminars that include content and instructional skills training in inquiry; they may also opt to attend a 5-day summer travel institute. Those in Track 2 will attend a 2-day fall colloquium, a 2-day spring colloquium, four and a half days of research and review, and a 5-day summer travel institute. Teachers in both tracks will attend Talking History Webinars, prepare standards-based units, lessons, and/or other lesson materials, and receive classroom coaching that employs the thereNow IRIS telepresence coaching system. Five participants will become lead teachers and provide turnkey trainings for history teachers across the consortium. Each year, fellows will research and study the political, economic, legal, social and ideological contrasts found throughout American history. They will learn to use the Binary Paideia paradigm, the American Institute for History Education Signature Strategies, and the CICERO "digital toolbox" of resources to implement grade-appropriate, inquiry-based teaching in their classrooms. Fellows will create historical narratives and interactive lessons that will be shared on the fellowship Web site. In addition, they will create "traveling trunks" that will be available for check-out to teachers across the consortium.

The South Central Service Cooperative is a consortium of districts in mostly rural south central Minnesota, where 73 percent of the schools have not achieved Adequate Yearly Progress at the district or building level. Each year of the Minnesota River Valley program will include a kick-off celebration, seven Professional Learning Community meetings throughout the academic year to discuss a historical work that corresponds with that year's National History Day theme, three topical school-year seminars that emphasize Minnesota connections within the national narrative, and an 8- to 10-day summer institute that concludes with a travel immersion experience. Participating teachers will also receive school and classroom support for involving their students in History Day, a program that requires students to select, research, analyze and present on a historical topic using primary and secondary sources. Additionally, each year, 10 teachers will attend a Summer Teaching Institute for Advanced Placement U.S. History. The Minnesota River Valley program will engage a new cohort of 35 teachers annually. A supplemental emphasis on southern Minnesota history will be embedded in each year's theme. To help teachers address the learning needs of the district's English language learners and children with special needs, professional development will incorporate differentiated instruction and evidence-based practices for teaching history. Enduring benefits will include a Professional Learning Community among teachers working in small, rural schools and increased participation in National History Day.

The 42 districts in this consortium sit close to the southern tip of Lake Michigan, almost directly across the lake from Chicago. Twelve districts are high priority; that is, they have schools in need of improvement, corrective action, or restructuring, and teachers from these schools will be recruited first. This project will bring together academic historians and museum curators to lead 10-day summer institutes that incorporate museum visits, experiences with artifacts and primary source documents, and modeling of curriculum and instruction. Activities will include six days of rigorous content instruction, two days of field study in Chicago, one and a half days split among local museum and archives visits, and a final half-day spent working on teacher projects. Two full-day extension sessions will be held in the fall. Each summer, 25 teachers will be recruited into a new cohort, and teachers who complete the activities will receive a stipend or three graduate credits. Content related to the three main topic areas will be linked with larger themes. Teachers will explore how these themes contributed to the development of freedom and democracy. In addition, participating teachers will learn to use data to identify student needs and adjust instruction accordingly. During the summer and fall sessions, each teacher will write a paper that presents a period-appropriate thesis and defend the thesis using historical inquiry. Teachers will convert their research into multimedia lessons/presentations supported by primary sources, literature, and artifacts, and these will be available for all teachers to use.

Worcester Public Schools in Massachusetts serves a significant population of immigrants and English Language Learners in high-need urban schools where many teachers are teaching U.S. history for the first time. All 155 teachers in the district will be required to participate in Securing the Blessings of Liberty. Four annual professional development days will take place during the school day and will consist of a morning lecture, workshops on teaching with primary source materials, and teaching labs dedicated to integrating new content and pedagogical knowledge into classroom instruction. The district’s 55 fifth grade history teachers will participate in Years 2-3; its 100 high school teachers will participate in Years 2-5; and a cohort of 15 future coaches from both groups will participate in Years 1-5. The coaching cohort will also take part in a year-long study of the Constitution that includes graduate courses, independent research projects, and development of a curricular unit. In addition, they will provide professional development and coaching to the district's history teachers. Securing the Blessings of Liberty will serve 155 elementary and high school teachers. History content will focus on the Constitutional themes of individual rights and communal responsibilities, the divisions of federal power, and the role of the federal government, especially in relationship to local and state government. Using differentiated instruction to help students understand and interpret primary source documents and artifacts will be emphasized. Coach-developed curriculum units that incorporate 10 to 15 primary source documents and artifacts will be made available to history teachers across the district.

History Connected is being implemented through a consortium of nine school districts in southeastern Pennsylvania. Eighteen low-performing schools within the consortium will be given preference during recruitment. A variety of annual professional development activities will prepare participating teachers to deliver American history as a stand-alone course: six school-day seminars (five on connecting history content to state standards and one on technology integration); a pre-institute orientation day in June with an online component; a 5-day summer content institute; five 2-hour book discussion/study groups based on biographies, memoirs, and historical works related to the year's theme; an online Professional Learning Community; and a 3-hour after-school "sharing conference" in Years 2 and 3. Each teacher will also develop two work products such as book reviews, lesson plans, and multimedia presentations. At least one participant in each district will be designated as a teacher fellow. Fellows will provide leadership and support for improving history education within their districts. History Connected will serve 40 teachers annually (120 over the life of the grant). Some teachers may participate in a "part-time" track if they are unable to complete all project activities. Teachers will learn to draw connections across time and place to the enduring themes and issues of American history. Instructional strategies will incorporate differentiated instruction, technology, historical thinking skills, and research skills using primary source documents and cultural artifacts. Project evaluation reports, historical resources, teacher work products, and curricula and lesson plans that incorporate differentiated instruction will be published on the program Web site.

High-stakes tests, budget cuts, and underprepared teachers are impacting these Massachusetts districts, where neighborhoods range from middle class to working class to under-resourced. Some districts are classified as in need of improvement and have no funds for professional development. Some districts are culturally diverse, with about half their students born into a home where a language other than English is spoken. All the lowest performing districts will have teachers participating in A More Perfect Union, where annual activities will include four half-day workshops, extensive readings, and an 8-day summer seminar. Extra workshop sessions will support teachers in the two most at-risk districts. One group of 45 teachers from all school levels will be recruited to participate for the first three years, and they will be prepared to support their colleagues when their training is complete. Underlying the A More Perfect Union activities is a focus on the origins and evolution of America's fundamental political ideas, traditions, and constitutional institutions. Drawing on the philosophy of history and research on pedagogy, historians and master teachers will help participating teachers develop historical habits of mind and learn how to incorporate these habits into the worldview of students. In addition, master teachers will provide classroom support for implementing new practices and for creating new lesson plans. The creation of a project Web site that contains historical materials, essays on issues and events, lesson plans, and other teaching materials will help sustain the project's effects when the grant period is complete.

Four of the five Becoming America districts are on the urban rim of Boston, and the fifth is a suburban district. The four urban rim districts have large multicultural populations resulting from recent influxes of immigrants, and many schools are either not making Adequate Yearly Progress or are in corrective action or restructuring. The project will immerse teachers in activities that provide intensive history content and collaborations with historians and master teachers. Every year, 13 seminars and a summer institute, along with a collaborative Web space, will support teachers' learning. Each annual cohort of 25 teachers will be selected from the schools most in need of improvement, yielding a total of 125 teachers who benefit directly from the project. The theme of exploring the role of immigrants in American history during the country’s expansion will help teachers make content relevant to the students in their classrooms. Becoming America will emphasize instructional strategies that develop student inquiry through project-based learning. To support this approach, teachers will learn to incorporate the use of educational technology and primary sources (e.g., national documents, individual records), information from local and national historic archives and libraries, and resources such as museums and historic sites into their classroom instruction. Every Becoming America teacher will develop and implement a project-based lesson. These lessons will be grouped into topic-related units and distributed to all schools electronically.