Winston Churchill Memorial Breakout Session

Description

This workshop provides in-depth training about the Winston Churchill Memorial's education curriculum specific to the 9–12 classroom. This workshop will assist teachers in preparing students for participating in the Memorial's various on-site and outreach school programs.

Contact name
Crump, Mandy
Sponsoring Organization
Winston Churchill Memorial and Library
Phone number
5735926242
Target Audience
9-12
Start Date
Contact Title
Education Coordinator
Duration
Four hours

Textbook Twisters: Cuban Missile Crisis

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Teaser

Children grow up and wonder about our relationship with Cuba. Cuba, some would call a paradise, in close proximity to the United States, had tense moments with our nation. The Cuban Missile Crisis was one of the greatest examples of conflict between the two nations.

quiz_instructions

Different countries interpreted the Cuban Missile Crisis in different ways. Select the country of origin for the following textbook accounts.

Quiz Answer

1. The defeat of the mercenary Brigade at Bay of Pigs made the U.S. think that the only way of crushing the Cuban Revolution was through a direct military intervention. The U.S. immediately embarked on its preparation. . .

As part of their hostile plans, the U.S. considered a self-inflicted aggression in connection with the Guantanamo Naval Base that would allow them to blame Cuba and provide a pretext for invading the island. With this aim, constant provocations took place from the U.S. side of the base: Marines shooting toward Cuban territory, some times for several hours; the murder of a fisherman.

The number of violations of Cuba's airspace and territorial waters increased. In one single day—July 9th, 1962—U.S. planes flew over Cuban territory 12 times. On another occasion they launched rockets against eastern Cuba territory. U.S. pirate boats attacked unites of the Cuban Revolutionary Navy: three Cubans died during one of those attacks; 17 others were lost in another one.

Meanwhile, Washington stepped up its pressures on Latin American governments so they unconditionally support US plans against Cuba. It accompanie[d] its pressures with bribes: an assistance program for Latin America, the so-called Alliance for Progress, portrayed as a solution for the region’s problems. In late 1961, Venezuela and Columbia broke diplomatic relations with Cuba; in January 1962, the 8th Consultative Meeting of OAS Foreign Ministers, in Punta del Este, Uruguay, suspended Cuba’s membership in the organization for its “incompatibility with the inter-American system.”

Cuba

2. In 1960 the United States took severe economic sanctions against Cuba, refusing to supply oil to the island and cutting back on the purchases of sugar, Cuba's largest and most important export. Forced to make a choice, the Cuban government nationalized the oil industry, sugar processing plants, and other American-owned businesses in Cuba in the summer of 1961. In response, the United States set up an economic blockade of Cuba, stopping trade and prohibiting American tourism to the island. In September 1960 Congress passed a law denying American foreign aid to any nation that assisted Cuba economically or militarily. The ban of tourism alone deprived Cuba of 60 million dollars in annual income and left tens of thousands workers in the service industry unemployed. Finally, in January 1961, U.S. broke off all relations with Cuba. In this dire citation the Soviet Union and other Communist nations stepped in to purchase Cuban sugar and provide the country with oil and other essential goods. By the end of 1960 the Cuban government nationalized most industry, trade, banking, and transportation, taking another step towards becoming a Communist state. Meanwhile the United States pressured and forced other Latin-American nations to break off relations with Cuba.

Russia

3. In 1959, troops led by Fidel Castro toppled a corrupt military regime in Cuba and ushered in a socialist revolution. The Kennedy administration in the United States supported a military expedition to undermine Castro in 1961, but it was decisively repulsed at the Bay of Pigs. In the aftermath of the attempted invasion, Soviet missiles were sent to Cuba. Still rankling from the defeat of the Bay of Pigs and determined to keep the western hemisphere free from communism, Kennedy determined, in October 1962, that the Soviet Union remove its missiles from Cuba. He also called upon his allies to put their NORAD forces on alert in the event the Soviets refused to back down.

Canada

4. On 29 August 1962, high-altitude flights over Cuba by American spy planes showed what might be surface-to-air nuclear missiles being installed in the western provinces by Soviet technicians. Premier Khrushchev assured President Kennedy that his intelligence reports were wrong. But on 14 October, photographs were delivered to the White House which proved that Khrushchev had lied. They clearly showed launching pads and missiles in western Cuba. Why Khrushchev had gone ahead with plans which were bound to endanger the safety of the whole world is not clear. Perhaps the blunders of the Bay of Pigs and the unpopularity of the United States in Latin America had led him to think there was no risk. If so, he was wrong.

Kennedy spent some time discussing his course of action with advisers. He then acted decisively. He informed the OAS (Organization of American States) of the danger from the missiles to both the United States and the Latin republics. He demanded and got OAS support for a plan to stop and search all Soviet ships heading for Cuba. He then contacted Khrushchev and demanded the removal of the missiles. Without waiting for a reply, he ordered 145,000 American troops to stand by in Florida and Nicaragua. Faced with the possibility of clashes which could lead to all-out war, Khrushchev backed down. On 29 October he ordered ships heading for Cuba to turn back and work to start on dismantling missiles on the island.

Caribbean

5. In October 1962, the Soviet Union and the United States went eyeball-to-eyeball and were on the brink of nuclear war. Surveillance photographs taken by a U-2 spy plane over Cuba revealed that the Soviet Union was installing intermediate-range ballistic missiles. Once operational, in about 10 days, the missiles would need only five minutes to reach Washington, D.C. President Kennedy decided to impose a naval blockade. Soviet freighters were steaming toward Cuba. The president realized that if the ships were boarded and their cargoes seized, the Soviet Union might regard this as an act of war. Soviet Premier Khrushchev sent a signal that he might be willing to negotiate. In exchange for the Soviets agreeing to remove the missiles, the United States publicly pledged not to invade Cuba and secretly agreed to remove its aging missiles from Turkey.

After the Cuban Missile Crisis, Cold War tensions eased. In July 1963, the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain approved a treaty to halt the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water. The following month, the United States and Soviet Union established a hotline providing a direct communication link between the White House and the Kremlin.

United States

Sources
  • Dana Lindaman and Kyle Ward, History Lessons: How Textbooks from Around the World Portray U.S. History (New York: The New Press, 2004).
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Winston Churchill and the Anglo-American Relationship

Description

From the Churchill Centre and Museum website:

"The study of Churchill remains a vital force in political and historical scholarship today because Churchill's life, writings, and political career continue to fascinate citizens, scholars, and statesmen, and to provide them with sources of reflection. This Institute seeks participants who are curious about Churchill and who possess a keen interest in original documents and historical research. Visits to important Churchill sites will provoke the interest of participants and deepen their understanding of his life and career."

Contact name
Daniel N. Myers
Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
National Endowment for the Humanities, Center for Civic Education
Phone number
6305129341
Target Audience
9-12
Start Date
Cost
Free; $2,700 stipend
Course Credit
"In addition to the syllabus provided in advance of the Institute, each participant will be given a letter of attendance stating the number of hours and number of pages of assigned readings completed during the Institute. In almost all cases, this will satisfy participants' needs for their professional development programs. However teachers will also have the option to register for a three-credit distance delivery course offered by the University of Alaska, Anchorage, in association with this 2010 summer NEH Churchill institute in England."
Duration
Three weeks
End Date

America and the Great War: An Interdisciplinary Seminar in Literature and History

Description

From the University of Kansas website:

"Sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Great War Seminar . . . will bring school teachers from across the country to the University of Kansas in order to learn about the American experience of World War I. Drawing on literature, history, and visual artifacts, participants will examine the ways in which the Great War affected the United States (the 'Home Front'), the nature of American participation in the War (the 'War Front'), and how Americans represented, remembered, and memorialized the War in the decades following its ending in November 1918. As we look towards the 100th anniversary of American participation in the Great War and the changes ushered in by this global conflict, it is especially apt to study the literature and history of the United States' involvement in World War I."

Contact name
Zach Abramovitz
Contact email
Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
National Endowment for the Humanities, University of Kansas
Phone number
7858647884
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free; $3900 stipend
Course Credit
"At the close of the seminar, the Directors will present participants with letters stating that their efforts are the equivalent of 3 graduate credit hours at the University of Kansas."
Duration
Five weeks
End Date

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Western States Workshop

Description

From the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum workshop:

"This three-day workshop will bring up to twenty teachers from western states schools to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum on March 4-6, 2010. Social Studies and Language Arts teachers of grades 6-12 with five or less years of experience in teaching about the Holocaust are encouraged to apply. In addition, teachers of other disciplines such as journalism and library and media specialists should consider applying.

Educators from suburban and rural schools from these states are eligible:

AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM, OR, UT, WA, WY

Teachers will use the Museum's Permanent Exhibition, the exhibit 'State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda,' and the interactive installation 'From Memory to Action: Meeting the Challenge of Genocide,' as their primary classroom as they learn the history of this tragic event. Museum staff and scholars will then assist participants in exploring questions of rationale, content, and methodology in teaching the Holocaust."

Contact name
Christina E. Chavarria
Contact email
Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
Phone number
202-488-0466
Target Audience
6-12
Start Date
Cost
Free
Contact Title
Program Coordinator
Duration
Three days
End Date

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Teacher Fellowship Program

Description

From the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum website:

"Since 1996 the Museum Teacher Fellowship Program has developed a national corps of 246 skilled educators who serve as the core of the Museum's efforts to ensure quality Holocaust education in secondary schools. Teacher Fellows organize conferences, lead workshops, write curricula, serve on boards of Holocaust museums and education centers, lead study trips to Holocaust sites, and serve as conduits to the Museum for educators, institutions, professional organizations, and community groups in their regions.

Each year up to 15 educators in grades 7 through 12 and community college faculty are designated as new Museum Teacher Fellows. These educators must show evidence of extensive knowledge of Holocaust history, successful teaching experience, and participation in community and professional organizations.

Teacher Fellows participate in a five-day, all-expense paid summer institute at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., designed to immerse participants in advanced historical and pedagogical issues. Following the summer institute, Fellows are expected to create and implement an outreach project in their schools, colleges, communities, or professional organizations. In July of the following year, Fellows will attend a follow-up program at the Museum to assess their various efforts and to continue their study of the Holocaust with Museum staff and noted speakers."

Sponsoring Organization
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
Eligibility Requirements

"Community college faculty, and middle and high school history, social studies, foreign-language, English and journalism teachers, as well as librarians and instructional media specialists, are encouraged to apply for Museum Teacher Fellowships. Other content areas will also be considered. It is expected that applicants will have taught the Holocaust for a minimum of five years. Applicants must teach in United States schools."

Application Deadline
Location
Washington, DC

U.S.-China Relations

Description

From the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History:

"Among all bilateral relations in today's world, the relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China is arguably the most important and dynamic.

The development of U.S.-China relations is tumultuous. Early in the twentieth century, America's 'Open Door' policy, allegedly designed to help prevent China from being divided up by foreign powers, was followed by a nationwide anti-American boycott movement in China. In the Second World War, China and the United States were allies. Yet only four years after the war's end, they entered a total confrontation that would last more than two decades. During the Cold War, both of the only two major 'hot wars' that America was involved occurred in East Asia—first in Korea and then in Vietnam—mainly for containing Communist China's 'expansionist ambitions.' When U.S.-China relations reached the low ebb, a rapprochement between Beijing and Washington happened in the early 1970s, changing the two countries from bitter enemies to quasi 'strategic partners' while, at the same time, transforming the orientation and essence of the global Cold War. Since the end of the Cold War, the 'U.S.-China partnership' has encountered serious challenges as many in America have difficulty in comprehending the implications of China's continuous rise as a prominent world power.

This course begins with reviewing the encounters between the U.S. and China in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It explores the confrontation and cooperation between the two countries during the Cold War by focusing on such key cases as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Taiwan Question, and the Chinese-American Rapprochement. It concludes with identifying the opportunities and challenges facing the U.S. and China in the twenty-first century. The basic aim of the course is to help the participants develop a better understanding of how nations with different values, cultural-historical backgrounds, political institutions, and levels of economic development may coexist in today's world."

Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Phone number
6463669666
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free, $400 stipend
Course Credit
"The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is proud to announce its agreement with Adams State College to offer three hours of graduate credit in American history to participating seminar teachers. Teachers are required to submit a reflection paper and a copy of one primary source activity completed during or immediately after the seminar."
Duration
One week
End Date

The Global Cold War

Description

From the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History:

"The Cold War dominated the second half of the twentieth century, but until recently we had only an imperfect sense of what it was all about. Historians wrote about it, of necessity, from within the event they were seeking to describe, so that there was no way to know its outcome. And because only a few Western countries had begun to open their archives, these accounts could only reflect one side of the story. Cold War history, hence, was not normal history: it was both asymmetrical and incomplete.

The end of the Cold War and the subsequent partial opening of Soviet, Eastern European, and Chinese archives have revolutionized the field. Everything we thought we knew is suddenly up for reconsideration, whether because of the new documents available to us, or as a consequence of knowing how it all came out. Even as this happens, though, the memories of those who lived through the Cold War are rapidly fading, and a new generation of students has no memory of it at all.

This seminar will seek to integrate the latest scholarly research on Cold War history and the ways in which that subject is presented in the classroom. We shall use a variety of means: lectures, books, documents, video documentaries, and the resources of the world-wide web. There will also be ample opportunity, we hope, for you to learn from one another, and for us to learn from you. It will be, in short, a week of total immersion in the lengthy, occasionally dangerous, and (almost) always intriguing history of the Cold War, filled with debate and new information."

Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Phone number
6463669666
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free, $500 stipend
Course Credit
"The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is proud to announce its agreement with Adams State College to offer three hours of graduate credit in American history to participating seminar teachers. Teachers are required to submit a reflection paper and a copy of one primary source activity completed during or immediately after the seminar."
Duration
One week
End Date

The Sixties in Historical Perspective

Description

From the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History:

"This seminar will explore a controversial era shrouded in myths and memories. Among the topics it will examine are the presidencies of John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and Richard Nixon; the civil rights movement; the Vietnam War; the New Left; the counterculture; the women's movement; the gay movement; the conservative movement; the international dimension of youth protest; and the legacies of the 1960s. The aim of the seminar is to provide a balanced history of a turbulent time that continues to influence American politics, society, and culture.

Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Phone number
6463669666
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free, $400 stipend
Course Credit
"The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is proud to announce its agreement with Adams State College to offer three hours of graduate credit in American history to participating seminar teachers. Teachers are required to submit a reflection paper and a copy of one primary source activity completed during or immediately after the seminar."
Duration
One week
End Date

The Progressive Era in Global Context

Description

From the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History website:

"The Progressive Era marked the modernization of the American state, the expansion of citizenship, the ascendancy of 'big business,' the transformation of American liberalism, and the development of a social politics. It was also the moment when the United States assumed the role of a world power, culminating in its participation in World War I and its role in negotiating the ambitious but flawed treaty that ended it. Taking exception to interpretations of the era that see 'American exceptionalism,' this seminar will explore the era and its reforms (and their limits) in the context of the larger global response to industrialization and urbanization under conditions of unregulated capitalism."

Registration Deadline
Sponsoring Organization
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Phone number
6463669666
Target Audience
K-12
Start Date
Cost
Free, $400 stipend
Course Credit
"The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is proud to announce its agreement with Adams State College to offer three hours of graduate credit in American history to participating seminar teachers. Teachers are required to submit a reflection paper and a copy of one primary source activity completed during or immediately after the seminar."
Duration
One week
End Date