Ganondagan State Historic Site [NY]

Description

Ganondagan is the site of a Native American community that was a flourishing, vibrant center for the Seneca people. Visitor to this site, where thousands of Seneca lived 300 years ago; can tour a full-size replica of a 17th-century Seneca Bark Longhouse; walk miles of self-guided trails; climb the mesa where a huge palisaded granary stored hundreds of thousands of bushels of corn; and learn about the destruction of Ganondagan, Town of Peace, in 1687.

The site offers exhibits, tours, and educational and recreational events.

Columbia Gorge Interpretive Center Museum [WA]

Description

The Center presents interpretative exhibits covering the entire history of the Columbia Gorge, from prehistory to the present day, including First Peoples, the Lewis and Clark Expedition, forts and settlements in the area, timber and fishing industries, transportation up and down the river, and other historical topics.

The center offers a short film, exhibits, and educational programs.

Fort Foster State Historic Park [FL]

Description

Fort Foster was one of the original Seminole War forts constructed in Florida during the early 1800s. Today a replica wood-picket-style fort has been constructed on the original site. Park rangers provide tours, and explain the Fort operations and living conditions, as well as telling the history of the Seminole Wars in Florida. The interpretive center contains exhibits about the fort, the Seminoles, and the Second Seminole War.

The park offers exhibits, tours, and occasional living history events.

Autry National Center [CA]

Description

The Autry National Center celebrates the American West through three important institutions: the Museum of the American West, the Southwest Museum of the American Indian, and the Institute for the Study of the American West. The Autry was established in 2003 following the merger of the Southwest Museum, the Women of the West Museum , and the Museum of the American West (formerly the Autry Museum of Western Heritage). Through innovative exhibitions, a broad range of programs, and an extensive collection of art and artifacts, the Autry National Center explores the distinct stories and interactions of cultures and peoples, and their impact on the complex, evolving history of the American West.

The museums provide exhibits, tours, performances, film screenings, and other educational and recreational programs.

Heritage Center of Dickinson County [KS]

Description

The Center consists of two historical museums and surrounding outdoor exhibits. The Historical Museum depicts life on the plains during the American pioneer movement and westward expansion periods. Exhibits treat topics including Native American and pioneer life, railroads, agriculture, and the Victorian and cow-town eras. The Museum of Independent Telephony recreates the unique flavor of early independent telephone system history with hands-on displays of antique telephones, insulators, switchboards, and pay stations. Outside is the Pioneer Community, with actual buildings from around the county and the Parker Carousel, a national landmark carousel. Exhibits include a log cabin, barn, store, phone office, agriculture equipment, windmill, chickens and more.

The center offers exhibits, tours, educational programs, and occasional recreational and educational events (including living history events).

Polson Flathead Historical Museum

Description

"Share in the Homestead Heritage of the Mission Valley and Flathead Lake area as it is preserved in the Polson-Flathead Historical Museum. Other area museums focus on the Native American presence in the region, but our museum focuses on the pioneers and homesteaders who first inhabited the region. See the development of the area progress over the years through viewing real-life exhibits such as

*The Trading Post, actually see what it was really like to shop in the only store in the region in the 1880's!
*The Flathead "Monster"!
*Marvel at the stagecoaches and buggies that carried passengers to, through and from the Valley!
*Old time Fire Trucks!
*Stand in the middle of a true-to-life kitchen from the 'good old days' and imagine what it was like to cook a meal, wash clothes or preserve food with few labor saving devices!"

Liberty Hall Restoration

Description

Guided tour of the Kenan family ancestral home, a restored Southern plantation of the 1800s. Eleven rooms, 12 dependencies including garden shop, wine cellar, carriage house, servants quarters, chicken house, smokehouse, overseer's cottage, woodshed, tool house, wash shed and necessary house(bathhouse and privy). Also, Visitor's Center Exhibit Hall, 13-minute video and gift shop. Herb garden and recently added rose garden. There is an admission charge.

Tips to Trappers

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Julius Rosenwald
Question

What was the Sears Roebuck publication, Tips to Trappers? Were there other ways in which Sears Roebuck and its rival Montgomery Ward tried to win over farmers?

Answer

Sears Roebuck, like its competitor Montgomery Ward, built its business as a mail-order company. Consequently, many of its customers were farmers or at least lived far away from big cities. The majority of Sears Roebuck customers also ordered out of the Montgomery Ward catalog.

In the early 1920s, many of Sears Roebuck's rural mail-order customers wrote to the company asking them to set up a way for trappers to sell their furs. Beginning in late 1925, Sears Roebuck & Company, through the Sears Raw Fur Marketing Services, began buying furs from independent, rural trappers. Trappers would mail packages of their prepared muskrat, mink, otter, raccoon, fox, badger, beaver, weasel, skunk, and opossum pelts to a Sears depot. At first there was only one in Chicago, but the company soon increased the number of depots around the country, including ones in Philadelphia, Dallas, Seattle, Memphis, Kansas City, Des Moines, Denver, and Minneapolis.

Sears would grade the pelts and either promptly send the trappers a check or give them credit toward purchases from its general merchandise catalog. If the trapper was unsatisfied with the value Sears gave him, he could return the check and the company would return the furs. The vast Sears catalog carried a line of Victor, Oneida, and Gibbs traps, scents, and pelt stretchers, as well as firearms, ammunition, decoys, and a wide selection of farm equipment and supplies.

In this way, Sears Roebuck became one of the largest fur buying companies in the country. The trappers generally found the company's fur grading to be accurate and the prices paid to be fair, especially for good, large skins. The company had found a way to help their rural customers by giving them a market for their furs that was as close as their mailboxes. Farmers trapped for sport and recreation, but also to control the wildlife population that threatened their crops.

Sears Roebuck mailed more than 7 million copies of an annual publication, Tips to Trappers, a magazine of about 30 pages in length, written and edited by "Johnny Muskrat" (a trapper, as well as a Sears spokesman) "and his trapper friends."

Tips to Trappers had articles and photographs showing the best ways to find and trap animals and prepare their pelts, as well as letters from readers, techniques from renowned trappers, information on state trapping seasons and limits, news on the fur market, and instructions on how to prepare and mail pelts to Sears. Included in each issue were shipping tags for mailing packages to a Sears raw fur depot.

Sears Roebuck also ran the National Fur Show in different cities around the country each year from 1929 to 1958. Pelts that had been submitted to Sears depots during the year were judged at the shows and cash awards (and even new cars) were given for the "best prepared" pelts, regardless of their ultimate value. This helped promote and teach the company's suppliers and clients about the best ways to handle pelts.

Johnny Muskrat also had a regular radio show during the 1920s and 1930s on Sears' own Chicago-based radio station WLS ("World's Largest Store"), and then elsewhere in the country through station affiliates. He and his occasional trapper guest would talk about how to set traps, dry pelts, and other techniques. Muskrat also discussed fur market conditions, tips on camping and hunting, and pioneer life in general, as well as reading letters from his listeners.

Radio station WLS was the voice of the Sears Roebuck Agricultural Foundation, which Sears began in 1924 as a means to increase its outreach to American farmers. The programming on WLS was a mix of music and entertainment (such as its annual sponsorship and broadcast of the "National Barn Dance") designed to appeal to a rural audience, as well as regular shows for farm listeners that were devoted to growing, harvesting, and selling crops.

The Sears Roebuck Agricultural Foundation offered advice and instruction by mail to farmers and their wives who wrote to the company. The Foundation also supported rural agricultural agents, farmers' markets, cooperative associations, 4-H and FFV chapters, agricultural demonstration projects, and scholarships to agricultural colleges.

Sears Roebuck and Company's second president, during the 1920s and 1930s, Julius Rosenwald, was a true philanthropist who viewed the Sears Roebuck Agricultural Foundation not just as a way to capture customers for Sears, but as a means to improve the lives of Americans living in rural communities. He was, for example, responsible for Sears' extensive support for Historically Black Colleges, especially in the South, and for the establishment of almost 5,000 schools for African American children in the region.

After 34 years in the fur buying business, Sears Roebuck decided in 1958 to focus on urban customers and retail stores, and so discontinued, among other things, the Sears Raw Fur Marketing Services and the publication of Tips to Trappers.

For more information
Bibliography

Sears Archives

Jerry R. Hancock, Jr. "Dixie Progress: Sears, Roebuck & Co. and How It Became an Icon in Southern Culture," M.A. Thesis, Georgia State University (2008): 50-60.

Johnny Muskrat, Trapping and Fur Farming. Chicago: Sears, Roebuck and Company, 1927.

Johnny Muskrat, Tips to Trappers. Chicago: Sears, Roebuck and Company, 1932-1958.

"Johnny Muskrat to Broadcast on Seven Stations," Pinedale (Wyoming) Roundup, December 26, 1929.
Scott Childers, Chicago's WLS Radio. Chicago: Arcadia Publishing, 2008.

Boris Emmet and John E. Jeuck, Catalogues and Counters: A History of Sears, Roebuck and Company. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1950.

Peter Max Ascoli, Julius Rosenwald: The Man Who Built Sears, Roebuck and Advanced the Cause of Black Education in the American South. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.

Gordon L. Weil, Sears, Roebuck, U. S. A.: The Great American Catalog Store and How It Grew. New York: Stein & Day, 1977.

James C. Worthy, Shaping an American Institution: Robert E. Wood and Sears, Roebuck. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984.

Anne Koenen, Mail-Order Catalogs in the US, 1880-1930: How Sears Brought Modernization to American Farmers. Paderborn: Universitat Paderborn, 2001.

Frederick Asher, Richard Warren Sears, Icon of Inspiration: Fable and Fact about the Founder and Spiritual Genius of Sears, Roebuck & Company. New York: Vantage Press, 1997.

Cecil C. Hoge, The First Hundred Years Are the Toughest: What We Can Learn from the Century of Competition between Sears and Wards. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 1998.

Frank Brown Latham, 1872-1972: A Century of Serving Consumers: The Story of Montgomery Ward. Chicago: Montgomery Ward, 1972.

Thomas J. Schlereth, "Country Stores, County Fairs, and Mail-Order Catalogues: Consumption in Rural America," in Simon J. Bronner, ed., Consuming Visions: Accumulation and Display of Goods in America. New York: W. Norton & Company, 1987.

Doug Golden, When the Beaver Was King. West Conshohocken, PA: Infinity Publishing Company, 2006: 32-35.

Will Troyer, From Dawn to Dusk: Memoirs of an Amish/Mennonite Farm Boy. Coral Springs, FL: Llumina Press, 2003: 153-158.

The American West

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Logo, American West, a Celebration of the Human Spirit
Annotation

Created by a Western history enthusiast and Swedish immigrant, this gateway provides more than 500 links to educational and commercial sites related to Western history. Topics include westward expansion, western trails, Native Americans, European immigration, women of the west, gold and silver mining, railroads, outlaws, cowboys, Roy Rogers, Buffalo Bill, and "anything of interest or of significance west of the Mississippi River." In addition, visitors can post their stories, reviews, and comments about Western history.

Created to celebrate the American West, this site lacks categories explicitly relevant to issues of conquest and colonization; however, its extensive collection of links is indispensable for students, teachers, and researchers.