This iCue Mini-Documentary introduces the term, "carpetbagger," used frequently after the Civil War but often misunderstood.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes Andrew Jackson's harsh attitudes against Native Americans, which led to the Indian Removal Act, forcing five eastern Indian tribes onto reservations in Oklahoma. Thousands of Indians died during the journey, which became known as "The Trail of Tears."

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes the Supreme Court's ruling that Georgia could not push Indians out of the state. President Andrew Jackson ignored the ruling and forced them out west.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary notes that, though historians now see Reconstruction as a successful step towards equality for blacks, Reconstruction was largely considered a failure in the years immediately following.

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Professor Eric Foner of Columbia University considers the lynchings of blacks in the South to be a "system of terror," carried out in public.

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Historian Carroll Gibbs discusses African American life in Georgetown prior to and just after the Civil War, looking at laws that discriminated against and segregated African Americans, at historic churches in the area, at records that suggest African Americans escaped from Georgetown by the Underground Railroad, and at reactions to African Americans' gaining the right to vote.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes the early-20th-century setbacks in civil rights, as racial segregation was common on rail cars, in schools, and in the workplace.

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Populism and Progressivism developed in the early 20th century. Professor Steven Hahn of the University of Pennsylvania compares the two political movements.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes how, to assure citizenship to blacks after the Civil War, Congress proposed the 14th Amendment. However, most Southern states refused to ratify it.

Professor Edward T. O'Donnell analyzes an 1876 Harper's Weekly cartoon of an Irish immigrant, which reveals the racism of the day.

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