This iCue Mini-Documentary describes Franklin D. Roosevelt's recognition of the growing power of black voters and the group of African-American advisors he listened closely to, known as the "black cabinet."

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes the decades after Reconstruction. These years were a difficult time for African Americans, but new black leaders began to emerge in the 1800s who gave a voice to black suffering.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes the two groups which African Americans were divided into at the beginning of the 20th century: those willing to work within the system for advancement and those willing to fight the system for better treatment.

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University of Pennsylvania professor Steven Hahn examines the violent phenomenon of lynching, which saw an enormous rise in the Reconstruction period in the South.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary introduces Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court decision that allowed "separate but equal" conditions for blacks and paved the way for widespread segregation in the south.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary notes that, though historians now see Reconstruction as a successful step towards equality for blacks, Reconstruction was largely considered a failure in the years immediately following.

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History Professor Edward O'Donnell explains how former Confederates "redeemed," or restored a majority white rule throughout the South after Reconstruction by suppressing blacks' newly won right to vote.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes how, to protect the rights of blacks after the Civil War, the federal government replaced state governments in the South with military districts and extended voting rights.

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Columbia University Professor Eric Foner describes the difficulties that slave families faced as they ran north across Union army lines during the Civil War.

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This iCue Mini-Documentary describes how, as the Civil War progresses, slaves fled north. As their numbers increased, they became a weapon of the Union Army.

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