OK.2. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will explain how prices are set in a market economy by using supply and demand graphs, and determine how prices provide incentives to buyers and sellers.

• 2.1. Strand / Standard:

  Determine how price and non-price factors affect the demand and supply of goods and services available in the marketplace.

• 2.2. Strand / Standard:

  Explain what causes shortages and surpluses, including government imposed price floors and price ceilings; and determine the impact they have on prices and people's decisions to buy or sell.

OK.3. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will evaluate how changes in the level of competition in different markets affect prices.

• 3.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how competition among sellers lowers costs and prices while encouraging producers to produce more, and competition among buyers increases prices and allocates goods and services to those persons willing and able to pay higher prices.

• 3.2. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how people's own self-interest helps markets make decisions.

OK.4. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will describe the role of economic institutions (e.g., banks, labor unions, corporations, legal systems, and not-for-profits) in a market economy.

• 4.1. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the impact of different institutions in a market economy (e.g., the legal system ensuring private property rights, banks matching savers with borrowers, and corporations allowing people to pool their incomes and provide future income through investing in stocks).

• 4.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe how some institutions (e.g., labor unions, religious organizations, and not for-profits) work to promote the goals of certain interest groups.

OK.5. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will analyze how money makes it easier to trade, borrow, save, invest, and compare the value of goods and services.

• 5.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how individuals, businesses and the overall economy benefit from using money.

• 5.2. Strand / Standard:

  Determine the components of the money supply in the United States (e.g., currency, coins, and checking account deposits).

• 5.3. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the different functions of money and give examples of each.

• 5.4. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how the value of money is determined by the goods and services it can buy.

OK.6. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will evaluate the role of interest rates in a market economy.

• 6.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify current interest rates on different kinds of savings instruments and loans, and compare those rates with current interest rates on credit cards.

• 6.2. Strand / Standard:

  Discuss the relationship between interest rates and inflation rates, and determine how changes in real interest rates impact people's decisions to borrow money and purchase goods.

• 6.3. Strand / Standard:

  Determine the factors affecting the differences in interest rates (e.g., new versus used car loans, home mortgages, and good versus bad credit ratings).

OK.7. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will explain the role of entrepreneurs, risks, and profits in a market economy.

• 7.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify an entrepreneur and describe how his/her decisions affect job opportunities for others.

• 7.2. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the potential risks and potential gains of entrepreneurs opening new businesses or inventing a new product, and determine the non-financial incentives that motivate them, and the risks or disincentives they face.

OK.8. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will evaluate the economic role of government in a market economy.

• 8.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the role that government has in dealing with issues, such as poverty, pollution, and medical research.

• 8.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the costs and benefits of government assistance programs, education and other government-funded projects.

• 8.3. Strand / Standard:

  Identify projects or programs where the cost of government policies may have exceeded the economic benefits received, and explain why government would continue supporting such projects.

OK.9. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will determine current economic conditions in the United States, and explain how these conditions have an impact on consumers, producers, and government policymakers.

• 9.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain what gross domestic product (GDP) is and how it can be used to describe economic output over time.

• 9.2. Strand / Standard:

  Compare the GDP per capita in the United States with the same data for other countries.

• 9.3. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the impact on the economy when GDP is growing or declining.

OK.10. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will explain the role of inflation and unemployment in an economic system.

• 10.1. Strand / Standard:

  Define inflation and unemployment, and explain the impact they have on an economy.

• 10.2. Strand / Standard:

  Determine when the United States historically has faced high unemployment, high inflation, low unemployment, and low inflation; and identify the economic conditions that existed during those times.

• 10.3. Strand / Standard:

  Give examples of the types of unemployment and analyze the differences among them.

• 10.4. Strand / Standard:

  Determine how inflation is measured and the impact it has on different sectors of the economy.

OK.11. Content Standard / Course: Economics

The student will identify the potential economic impact of policy changes by the Federal Reserve and the federal government.

• 11.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify historical examples of fiscal policies, and explain why they were adopted.

• 11.2. Strand / Standard:

  Determine the differences between federal deficits and surpluses, and their impact on the economy.

• 11.3. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the tools of monetary policy and its impact on the economy.

• 11.4. Strand / Standard:

  Determine when the federal government and the Federal Reserve should use expansionary or contractionary policies.

OK.1. Content Standard / Course: Oklahoma History

The student will demonstrate process skills in social studies.

• 1.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources (e.g., artifacts, diaries, letters, art, music, literature, photographs, documents, newspapers, and contemporary media).

• 1.2. Strand / Standard:

  Identify, evaluate, and explain the relationships between the geography of Oklahoma and its historical development by using different kinds of maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, and other representations such as photographs, satellite-produced images, and computer-based technologies.

• 1.3. Strand / Standard:

  Interpret information from a broad selection of research materials (e.g., encyclopedias, almanacs, dictionaries, atlases, and cartoons).

• 1.4. Strand / Standard:

  Construct and examine timelines of Oklahoma history (e.g., removal and relocation of Native American groups, economic cycles, immigration patterns, and the results of redistricting and statewide elections).

OK.2. Content Standard / Course: Oklahoma History

The student will describe both European and American exploration and claims to the territory that would become Oklahoma.

• 2.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the significance of early Spanish and French expeditions (e.g., Coronado, Onate, and LaHarpe).

• 2.2. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the lasting impact of American exploration, including the Pike, Wilkinson, and Long expeditions.

• 2.3. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the impact of territorial claims on the development of the state of Oklahoma, including the Louisiana Purchase and Adams-Onis Treaty.

OK.3. Content Standard / Course: Oklahoma History

The student will evaluate the social, economic, and political development and contributions of Native Americans from prehistoric settlement through modern times.

• 3.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify and describe significant phases of prehistoric cultures, including the Paleo Indians (Clovis points), Archaic Indians (Folsom points), the Mound Builders, and the Plains Tribes.

• 3.2. Strand / Standard:

  Trace the movement of other North American peoples into present-day Oklahoma, including the Five Tribes, Plains Tribes, and Eastern Tribes.

• 3.3. Strand / Standard:

  Compare and contrast cultural perspectives (e.g., land ownership and use, agricultural methods, production and distribution of commodities, and trading practices) of Native Americans and European Americans.

• 3.4. Strand / Standard:

  Identify significant historical and contemporary Native Americans (e.g., John Ross, Sequoyah, Quanah Parker, Jim Thorpe, Will Rogers, the Five Indian Ballerinas, the Kiowa Five, and Wilma Mankiller).

OK.4. Content Standard / Course: Oklahoma History

The student will evaluate the major political and economic events prior to statehood.

• 4.1. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze tribal alliances, river transportation, and the fur trade, and their relationship to early mercantile settlements (e.g., Fort Towson, Fort Gibson, Fort Coffee, Fort Washita, and Chouteau's Trading Post).

• 4.2. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the significance of the Civil War in Indian Territory and the prominent figures and groups that fought in its battles (e.g., Stand Watie, General James Blunt, General Douglas Cooper, and the 1st Kansas Colored Regiment).

• 4.3. Strand / Standard:

  Assess the impact of the cattle industry (e.g., cattle trails, railheads and cow towns in Kansas, and the location of railroad lines).

• 4.4. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the impact and importance of the various means of distributing land in Oklahoma (e.g., allotments, land runs, lottery, and Supreme Court settlement).

OK.5. Content Standard / Course: Oklahoma History

The student will describe the development of constitutional government in Oklahoma.

• 5.1. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the work of the Dawes Commission and the distribution of lands to non Native American settlers.

• 5.2. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the development of governments among the Native American tribes; the movement towards the all-Indian state of Sequoyah; the movement for single statehood; and the impact and influence of the Enabling Act and the Constitutional Convention.

OK.6. Content Standard / Course: Oklahoma History

The student will investigate the geography and economic assets of Oklahoma and trace their effects on the history of the state.

• 6.1. Strand / Standard:

  Locate the significant physical and human features of the state on a map (e.g., major waterways, cities, natural resources, military installations, major highways, and major landform regions).

• 6.2. Strand / Standard:

  Examine how economic cycles (e.g., the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, and oil boom and bust) have affected and continue to affect major sectors of state employment (e.g., fossil fuels, timber, mining, tourism, the military, and agriculture).

OK.7. Content Standard / Course: Oklahoma History

The student will examine major cultural and ethnic groups represented in Oklahoma.

• 7.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify cultural and ethnic groups in Oklahoma (e.g., African Americans, Eastern Europeans, Italians, Germans, and Vietnamese) and explore the causes and effects of their immigration and settlement patterns.

• 7.2. Strand / Standard:

  Trace the cultural, political, and economic contributions of these groups.

OK.8. Content Standard / Course: Oklahoma History

The student will examine factors that contributed to the political, economic, and social history of Oklahoma during the twentieth century.

• 8.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify significant individuals and their contributions (e.g., Jerome Tiger, Frank Phillips, Kate Barnard, Angie Debo, Ada Lois Sipuel, Clara Luper, George Lynn Cross, Ralph Ellison, Robert S. Kerr, Henry Bellmon, and Reba McEntire).

• 8.2. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the impact of the Populist Movement, the Temperance Movement, the Dust Bowl, and political corruption (e.g., Ku Klux Klan activities; the prosecutions and convictions of Governor David Hall and the county commissioners) on Oklahoma history.

• 8.3. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the historical evolution of race relations in Oklahoma (e.g., the significance of Jim Crow laws, the Tulsa Race Riot, and the contributions of Governor Raymond Gary to the peaceful integration of public facilities).

OK.1. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will demonstrate process skills in social studies.

• 1.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources, such as artifacts, letters, photographs, art, documents, newspapers, and contemporary media (e.g., television, motion pictures, and computer-based technologies) that reflect events in United States government and politics.

• 1.2. Strand / Standard:

  Interpret economic and political issues as expressed in maps, tables, diagrams, charts, political cartoons, and economic graphs.

• 1.3. Strand / Standard:

  Make distinctions among propaganda, fact and opinion; evaluate cause and effect relationships; and draw conclusions in examining documentary sources.

• 1.4. Strand / Standard:

  Develop discussion, debate, and persuasive writing and speaking skills, focusing on enduring issues (e.g., individual rights vs. the common good, and problems of intolerance toward cultural, ethnic, and religious groups).

OK.2. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will define government as the formal institution with the authority to make and implement binding decisions about such matters as distribution of resources, allocation of benefits and burdens, and management of conflicts.

OK.3. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will analyze the philosophical and historical development of government as an institution.

• 3.1. Strand / Standard:

  Discuss the development of democracy in ancient Greece and Rome, the United Kingdom, and the American colonies.

• 3.2. Strand / Standard:

  Examine and interpret the contributions of Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Blackstone to contemporary political theory and governmental structure.

OK.4. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will describe the purpose of government and analyze how its powers are acquired, used, and justified.

• 4.1. Strand / Standard:

  Distinguish between civic life (i.e., the public life of the citizen concerned with community and national affairs) and private life (i.e., the personal life of the individual devoted to the pursuit of private interests).

• 4.2. Strand / Standard:

  Examine political authority, its sources and functions, and the difference between authority and power without authority.

• 4.3. Strand / Standard:

  Distinguish between and explain the essential characteristics of limited and unlimited governments, and identify historical and contemporary examples of each.

• 4.4. Strand / Standard:

  Research examples of formal institutions with the authority to control and direct the behavior of those in a society (e.g., tribal councils, courts, monarchies, and democratic legislatures).

OK.5. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will compare and contrast how governments are organized in terms of the number of people who have access to power (i.e., despotism, oligarchy, republic, and democracy), where power is located (i.e., unitary, federal, and confederal), and the relationship between the legislative and executive branches (i.e., presidential and parliamentary).

OK.6. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will analyze and describe examples of fundamental United States constitutional principles contained in the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Constitution, Federalist Papers, and the Bill of Rights and subsequent amendments.

OK.7. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will identify and explain the fundamental concepts of the system of government of the United States.

• 7.1. Strand / Standard:

  This includes the equality of all citizens under the law; majority rule and minority rights; the fundamental worth and dignity of the individual; the necessity of compromise; individual freedom; the rule of law; constitutionalism and limited government; democracy and republicanism; consent of the governed; and liberties, privileges, rights, and responsibilities.

OK.8. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will analyze the United States Constitution.

• 8.1. Strand / Standard:

  This includes purposes expressed in the Preamble; branches of government; powers and limitations; and the amendment process.

OK.9. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will compare and contrast the roles of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government at the national, state, and local levels.

• 9.1. Strand / Standard:

  This includes structures, functions, and authority; federalism; separation of powers; checks and balances; the extent to which power is shared rather than divided or separated (i.e., concurrent powers); and procedures for constitutional and charter amendment.

OK.10. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will analyze how the Constitution has evolved since 1789.

• 10.1. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the constitutional amendments, the conflicts or issues they addressed, and the reasons for their adoption.

• 10.2. Strand / Standard:

  Identify and explain the basic rulings in landmark Supreme Court cases, including Marbury v. Madison (1803), McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954), Mapp v. Ohio (1961), Miranda v. Arizona (1966), Furman v. Georgia (1972), United States v. Nixon (1974), and Gregg v. Georgia (1976).

OK.11. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will explain and give contemporary examples of how political parties, interest groups, the media, and individuals influence the policy agenda and decision-making of government institutions.

OK.12. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will describe the components of campaigns for national, state and local elective office, including the nominative process; campaign funding and spending, the influence of the media, advertising, and polling; reapportionment and redistricting; the role of the electoral college; and the term-limitation movement.

OK.13. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will explain the rights, responsibilities, and benefits of citizenship in the United States, such as voting, jury duty, obedience to lawful authority, and private ownership of property.

OK.14. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will compare and contrast the political and economic systems of the United States with those of major democratic and authoritarian nations.

OK.15. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will identify and distinguish among the units of local government in Oklahoma (i.e., counties, cities, towns, and regional authorities) by analyzing local public issues.

OK.16. Content Standard / Course: United States Government

The student will develop and practice the skills needed for informed participation in public affairs, including analyzing public issues, examining candidates for public office, evaluating the performance of public officials, and communicating with public officials.

OK.1. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will demonstrate process skills in social studies.

• 1.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources (e.g., artifacts, diaries, letters, photographs, documents, newspapers, media, and computer-based technologies).

• 1.2. Strand / Standard:

  Recognize and explain how different points of view have been influenced by nationalism, racism, religion, culture and ethnicity.

• 1.3. Strand / Standard:

  Distinguish between fact and opinion in examining documentary sources.

• 1.4. Strand / Standard:

  Construct timelines of United States history (e.g., landmark dates of economic changes, social movements, military conflicts, constitutional amendments, and presidential elections).

• 1.5. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the relationships between geography and the historical development of the United States by using maps, graphs, charts, visual images, and computer-based technologies.

• 1.6. Strand / Standard:

  Develop discussion, debate, and persuasive writing and speaking skills, focusing on enduring issues (e.g., individual rights vs. the common good, and problems of intolerance toward cultural, ethnic, and religious groups), and demonstrating how divergent viewpoints have been and continue to be addressed and reconciled.

OK.2. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will analyze causes, key events, and effects of the Civil War era.

• 2.1. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the economic and philosophical differences between the North and South, as exemplified by such persons as Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun.

• 2.2. Strand / Standard:

  Trace the events leading to secession and war (e.g., the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott case).

• 2.3. Strand / Standard:

  Identify leaders on both sides of the war (e.g., Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, Frederick Douglass, and William Lloyd Garrison).

• 2.4. Strand / Standard:

  Interpret the importance of critical developments in the war, such as major battles (e.g., Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg), the Emancipation Proclamation, and Lee's surrender at Appomattox.

• 2.5. Strand / Standard:

  Relate the basic provisions and postwar impact of the 13th , 14th , and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.

• 2.6. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the continuing impact of Reconstruction policies on the South, including southern reaction (e.g., sharecropping, Black Codes, Ku Klux Klan, Plessy v. Ferguson, and Jim Crow laws).

OK.3. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will analyze the impact of immigration and the Westward Movement on American society.

• 3.1. Strand / Standard:

  Detail the contributions of various immigrant, cultural, and ethnic groups (e.g. Irish, Chinese, Italians, and Germans).

• 3.2. Strand / Standard:

  Examine ethnic conflict and discrimination.

• 3.3. Strand / Standard:

  Investigate changes in the domestic policies of the United States relating to immigration.

• 3.4. Strand / Standard:

  Compare and contrast the attitudes toward Native American groups as exhibited by federal Indian policy (e.g., establishment of reservations, assimilation, and the Dawes Act) and actions of the United States Army, missionaries, and settlers.

OK.4. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will examine the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the economy of the United States.

• 4.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the impact of new inventions and industrial production methods, including new technologies in transportation and communication.

• 4.2. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the significance of immigration on the labor supply and the movement to organize workers.

• 4.3. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the effects of the muckrakers and reform movements (e.g., women's suffrage and temperance) that resulted in government policies affecting child labor, wages, working conditions, trade, monopolies, taxation and the money supply.

• 4.4. Strand / Standard:

  Assess the impact of industrialization, the expansion of international markets, urbanization, and immigration on the economy.

• 4.5. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the rise of the Progressive Movement in relation to political changes at the national and state levels (e.g., workers' compensation, the direct primary, initiative petition, referendum, and recall).

• 4.6. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the causes of the money panics of 1873, 1893, and 1907, explaining how the establishment of the Federal Reserve System addressed the problems

OK.5. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will analyze the changing role of the United States in world affairs at the turn of the twentieth century.

• 5.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the goals of imperialism, explaining its impact on developed and developing nations.

• 5.2. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the role of the Spanish-American War in the development of the United States as a world power.

• 5.3. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the role of United States foreign policy and presidential leadership in the construction of a canal in Panama.

• 5.4. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the strengths and weaknesses of Theodore Roosevelt's 'Big Stick Diplomacy.'

• 5.5. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the causes and effects of United States involvement in World War I.

• 5.6. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the rationale for the failure of the United States to join the League of Nations and the nation's return to isolationism.

OK.6. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will describe the social, cultural, economic, and technological ideas and events in the United States in the era between the World Wars.

• 6.1. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate literature, music, dance, and forms of entertainment, including the Harlem Renaissance, the Jazz Age, and talkies.

• 6.2. Strand / Standard:

  Investigate the longterm effects of reform movements, such as women's suffrage and prohibition (e.g., the 18th , 19th , and 21st Amendments to the Constitution).

• 6.3. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the impact of the automobile, and urban and rural electrification on society.

• 6.4. Strand / Standard:

  Describe rising racial tensions and labor unrest common in the era (e.g., the Tulsa Race Riots and the sit-down strikes).

• 6.5. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the growing disparity between the wealth of corporate leaders and the incomes of small business owners, industrial workers, and farmers.

• 6.6. Strand / Standard:

  Identify causes contributing to an unstable economy, (e.g., the increased reliance on installment buying, a greater willingness to speculate and buy on margin in the stock market, and government reluctance to interfere in the economy).

OK.7. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will investigate and analyze the causes and legacy of the Great Depression.

• 7.1. Strand / Standard:

  Examine changes in business cycles, weaknesses in key sectors of the economy, and government economic policies in the late 1920s.

• 7.2. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the effects of the Stock Market Crash.

• 7.3. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the impact of the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and the New Deal economic policies on business and agriculture, and on the American people, their culture and political behavior.

• 7.4. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the contributions of key individuals of the period (e.g., Will Rogers, Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt, Charles Lindbergh, and Woody Guthrie).

• 7.5. Strand / Standard:

  Assess the impact of the expanded role of government in the economy since the 1930s.

OK.8. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will analyze the major causes, events, and effects of United States involvement in World War II.

• 8.1. Strand / Standard:

  Relate the rise of totalitarian regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan to the rise of communism, Nazism, and fascism in the 1930s and 1940s, and the response of the United States.

• 8.2. Strand / Standard:

  Investigate appeasement, isolationism, and the war debates in the United States prior to the outbreak of war.

• 8.3. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the impact of preparation and mobilization for war, including the internment policies and their effects (e.g., Korematsu v. United States).

• 8.4. Strand / Standard:

  Detail major battles, military turning points, and key strategic decisions in both European and Pacific theaters.

• 8.5. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze public and political reactions in the United States to the events of the Holocaust.

OK.9. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will assess the successes and shortcomings of United States foreign policy since World War II.

• 9.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the origins of the Cold War, and its foreign and domestic consequences, including confrontations with the Soviet Union in Berlin and Cuba.

• 9.2. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the arms race.

• 9.3. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the role of the United States in the formation of the United Nations, NATO, and other alliances.

• 9.4. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the role of the United States in attempts at the containment of communism in Europe, Asia, and Latin America, including the Truman Doctrine and the involvement of the United Nations in Korea.

• 9.5. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the fear of communist influence within the United States, including the McCarthy hearings.

• 9.6. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the causes and longterm foreign and domestic consequences of United States military commitments in southeast Asia, especially Vietnam.

• 9.7. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the strategic and economic factors in the development of Middle East policy, and relations with African nations, such as South Africa.

• 9.8. Strand / Standard:

  Assess the reasons for the collapse of communism in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, and relate the end of the Cold War to new challenges to the United States leadership role in the world.

OK.10. Content Standard / Course: United States History (1850 to the Present)

The student will analyze the economic, social, and political transformation of the United States since World War II.

• 10.1. Strand / Standard:

  Describe de jure and de facto segregation policies, attempts at desegregation and integration, and the impact of the Civil Rights Movement on society (e.g., Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas).

• 10.2. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the success of the women's liberation movement and the changing roles of women in society.

• 10.3. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the technology revolution and its impact on communication, transportation, and industry.

• 10.4. Strand / Standard:

  Assess the impact of violent crime, and illegal drug use and trafficking.

• 10.5. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the effects of increased immigration, the influx of political refugees, and the increasing number of undocumented aliens on society and the economy.

• 10.6. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the contributions of political leaders, political activists, and civil rights leaders, and the major issues and trends in national elections (e.g., differences between the two major political parties, and the rise of third party candidates).

• 10.7. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the post-war rise in the standard of living, the oil embargo and the inflation of the 1970s, and the federal budget deficit problems of the 1980s and early 1990s.

• 10.8. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the impact of political scandals (e.g., Watergate, Iran-Contra, and the Clinton impeachment) on federal law, national policies, and political behavior.

• 10.9. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze how the principles and structures of the United States Constitution have changed through amendment and judicial interpretation (e.g., the 22nd and 25th Amendments, and Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona).

• 10.10. Strand / Standard:

  Compare and contrast conservative and liberal economic strategies, including the positions of political parties and interest groups on major issues in the post-World War II era.

OK.1. Content Standard / Course: World Geography

The student will use maps and other geographic representations, tools and technologies to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective.

• 1.1. Strand / Standard:

  Apply geographic representations and technologies to depict, analyze, explain and solve geographic problems.

• 1.2. Strand / Standard:

  Demonstrate the use of mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context.

• 1.3. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on earth's surface.

• 1.4. Strand / Standard: Design appropriate forms of maps incorporating elements of geographic information such as

  relative/absolute location, direction, size, shape, elevation, and scale.

• 1.5. Strand / Standard:

  Recognize the different map projections and explain the concept of distortion.

OK.2. Content Standard / Course: World Geography

The student will use the concepts of places and regions as the basic units of geographic inquiry.

• 2.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the human and physical characteristics of particular places and regions.

• 2.2. Strand / Standard:

  Conduct regional analysis of geographic issues and questions.

• 2.3. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how culture and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions and how these perceptions change over time.

OK.3. Content Standard / Course: World Geography

The student will examine earth's physical processes (e.g., climate and landforms) and organize them into ecosystems.

• 3.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify and describe the components of the earth's physical system (e.g., atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere).

• 3.2. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how earth's physical systems and processes shape the patterns found on earth's surface.

• 3.3. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems on earth's surface.

• 3.4. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze patterns of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, and hurricanes.

OK.4. Content Standard / Course: World Geography

The student will examine human cultures, populations and activities such as settlement, migration, commerce, conflict, and cooperation.

• 4.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on earth's surface.

• 4.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the characteristic, distribution, and migration of human populations on earth's cultures.

• 4.3. Strand / Standard:

  Interpret the patterns and networks of economic interdependence on earth's surface.

• 4.4. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how the processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement have changed over time.

• 4.5. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of earth's surface.

OK.5. Content Standard / Course: World Geography

The student will evaluate the interactions between humans and their environment.

• 5.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how human actions modify the physical environment.

• 5.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe how physical systems affect human systems such as the impact of major natural hazards/disasters on humans.

• 5.3. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources.

• 5.4. Strand / Standard:

  Observe and predict the possible economic effects and environmental changes resulting from natural phenomena (e.g., tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, insect infestations, earthquakes, El Nino, and volcanoes).

OK.6. Content Standard / Course: World Geography

The student will analyze problems and issues from a geographic perspective using the tools and skills of geography.

• 6.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the fundamental role that geographical context has played in affecting events in history.

• 6.2. Strand / Standard:

  Apply geography to examine contemporary issues in the context of spatial and environmental perspectives.

• 6.3. Strand / Standard:

  Use geographic knowledge, skills, and perspectives to analyze problems and make decisions.

OK.1. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will demonstrate social studies research skills.

• 1.1. Strand / Standard:

  Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources and artifacts.

• 1.2. Strand / Standard:

  Validate sources as to their authenticity, authority, credibility, and possible bias.

• 1.3. Strand / Standard:

  Construct timelines of key events, periods, and historically significant individuals.

• 1.4. Strand / Standard:

  Identify and analyze the reasons for major shifts in national political boundaries.

OK.2. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will describe early physical and cultural development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the emergence of agriculture.

• 2.1. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies, their use of fire and tools, and the impact of geography on these societies.

• 2.2. Strand / Standard:

  Identify the technological and social advancements that gave rise to stable communities.

OK.3. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will compare selected ancient river civilizations (e.g., Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and Shang China), and other ancient civilizations (e.g., the Hebrew and Phoenician kingdoms, and the Persian Empire).

• 3.1. Strand / Standard:

  Describe their location in time and place.

• 3.2. Strand / Standard:

  Trace their development of cultural, political, and economic patterns.

OK.4. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will describe and analyze ancient Greece (circa 2000 to 300 B.C.E.) and its impact on contemporary and future civilizations.

• 4.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the influence of geography on Greek culture including the contributions of Greek playwrights, poets, historians, sculptors, architects, scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers, (e.g., Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Sophocles, Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Herodotus, and Archimedes).

• 4.2. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the impact of Greek commerce and colonies on the Mediterranean region.

• 4.3. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the social structure, significance of citizenship, and development of democracy in the city-state of Athens.

• 4.4. Strand / Standard:

  Describe life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles.

• 4.5. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the conquest of Greece by Macedonia, and the spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great.

OK.5. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will describe and analyze ancient Rome (700 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.) and its impact on contemporary and future civilizations.

• 5.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the influence of geography on Roman economic, social, and political development.

• 5.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the social structure, the significance of citizenship, and the development of democratic features in the government of the Roman Republic.

• 5.3. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the Roman military domination of the Mediterranean basin and western Europe, and the spread of Roman culture in these areas.

• 5.4. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the collapse of the Republic and the rise of imperial monarchs.

• 5.5. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the economic, social, and political impact of the Pax Romana.

• 5.6. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the origin, traditions, customs, beliefs, and spread of Judaism and Christianity.

• 5.7. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the contributions in art, architecture, technology, science, literature, history, language, religion, and law.

• 5.8. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the reasons for the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, (e.g., the invasions of the Visigoths and Vandals).

OK.6. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will analyze the interactions and relationships between the Muslim world and Christendom from the seventh to the eleventh century C.E.

• 6.1. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the origin, theological foundations, traditions, customs, beliefs, and spread of Islam.

• 6.2. Strand / Standard:

  Identify religious, political, and economic influences in the Mediterranean region.

OK.7. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will describe, compare and contrast selected civilizations in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

• 7.1. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze India's caste system, the traditions, customs, beliefs, and significance of Hinduism, and the conquest by Muslim Turks and Mongols.

• 7.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe China under the Qin, Han, T'ang, and Sung dynasties; the traditions, customs, beliefs, and significance of Buddhism; the impact of Confucianism and Taoism; and the construction of the Great Wall.

• 7.3. Strand / Standard:

  Describe Japan's development, and the significance of Shintoism and Buddhism, and the influence of Chinese culture.

• 7.4. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the kingdoms of Kush in eastern Africa and Ghana in western Africa.

• 7.5. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca civilizations.

OK.8. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will describe and analyze the Byzantine Empire and Russia (circa 300 to 1400 C.E.) and their impact on contemporary and later civilizations.

• 8.1. Strand / Standard:

  Explain the expansion of the Byzantine Empire and economy with the establishment of Constantinople.

• 8.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the conflicts that led to the split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

• 8.3. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate Byzantine influence on Kievan Russia and Eastern Europe.

OK.9. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will describe and analyze the patterns of social, economic, and political change, and cultural achievement during the Middle Ages , circa 500 to 1500 C.E.

• 9.1. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the structure of feudal society and its social, economic, and political effects.

• 9.2. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the Age of Charlemagne and the revival of the idea of the Roman Empire.

• 9.3. Strand / Standard:

  Trace the invasions and settlements of the Magyars in Eastern Europe, and the Vikings, Angles, and Saxons in Great Britain.

• 9.4. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the spread and influence of Christianity throughout Europe, and the secular roles of the Roman Catholic Church.

• 9.5. Strand / Standard:

  Describe conflicts among Eurasian powers, such as the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, and the expansion of the Ottoman Turks.

• 9.6. Strand / Standard:

  Compare and contrast the federal system in Asia (e.g., the society in Japan) with European federalism.

OK.10. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will analyze the historical sources and developments of the Renaissance.

• 10.1. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the economic foundations of the Renaissance, increased trade, role of the Medicis, and new economic practices, including the rise of Italian city-states.

• 10.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe artistic, literary, scientific, political, and intellectual creativity, (e.g., as reflected in the works of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Machiavelli, Cervantes, and Shakespeare) as contrasted with the Middle Ages.

OK.11. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will analyze the historical sources and developments of the Reformation.

• 11.1. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the effects of the theological, political, and economic differences that emerged during the Reformation (e.g., the views and actions of Martin Luther, John Calvin, the Council of Trent and Henry VIII).

• 11.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the influence of religious conflicts on government actions, (e.g., the Edict of Nantes in France, and the reign of Elizabeth I in England).

OK.12. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will analyze the impact of European expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia.

• 12.1. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the roles of explorers and conquistadors (e.g., Prince Henry the Navigator, Columbus, Magellan, and Cortes).

• 12.2. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze migration, settlement patterns, and cultural diffusion, including the exchange of technology, ideas, and agricultural practices, the introduction of new diseases, and trade in slaves, gold, furs, and tobacco.

• 12.3. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the economic and cultural transformations created by the emergence of plants (e.g., tobacco and corn) in new places and the arrival of the horse in the Americas.

• 12.4. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the competition for resources and the rise of mercantilism, including the commercial and maritime growth of European nations, and the emergence of money and banking, global economics, and market systems.

OK.13. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will analyze the scientific, political, and economic changes in Europe and North America in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries.

• 13.1. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the establishment and authority of absolute monarchies (e.g., Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, and Peter the Great).

• 13.2. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the Glorious Revolution in England and the French Revolution, including the ideas of significant individuals, (e.g., Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Adam Smith, and Jefferson).

• 13.3. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how the political and religious ideas of the Enlightenment affected the founders of the United States.

• 13.4. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how new scientific theories (e.g., those of Newton, Kepler, Copernicus, Galileo, Harvey, and Franklin) and technological changes brought about social, political, and cultural changes.

• 13.5. Strand / Standard:

  Describe how the arts, philosophy, and literature were influenced by significant individuals (e.g., Voltaire, Diderot, Rembrandt, Gainsborough, Bach, and Mozart).

OK.14. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will describe nineteenth century political developments.

• 14.1. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the impact of the Congress of Vienna.

• 14.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the expansion of democracy in Europe, the effects of urbanization, the revolutions of 1848, and British reform laws.

• 14.3. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the unification of Germany and of Italy.

• 14.4. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the impact of the Meiji Restoration in Japan.

OK.15. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will analyze and explain the effects of the Industrial Revolution.

• 15.1. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the rise and impact of industrial economies.

• 15.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the scientific and technological changes (e.g., the inventions of Watt, Bessemer, and Whitney) which brought about massive social and cultural change.

• 15.3. Strand / Standard:

  Analyze the emergence of capitalism and free enterprise as a dominant economic pattern.

• 15.4. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the responses to capitalism (e.g., utopianism, socialism, and communism), including the trade union movement.

• 15.5. Strand / Standard:

  Explain how Asia, Africa, and South America were transformed by European commercial power.

OK.16. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will analyze major twentieth century historical events through World War II.

• 16.1. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the causes and effects of World War I (e.g., assassination of Archduke Ferdinand; Woodrow Wilson and the Fourteen Points; and the League of Nations).

• 16.2. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, and the creation of the Soviet Union.

• 16.3. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan.

• 16.4. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the rise of nationalism, and the causes and effects of World War II (e.g., the Holocaust, economic and military power shifts since 1945, the founding of the United Nations, and the political partitioning of Europe, Africa, and Asia).

• 16.5. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the revolutionary movements in Asia and their leaders (e.g., Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh).

• 16.6. Strand / Standard:

  Examine African and Asian countries which achieved independence from European colonial rule (e.g., India under Mohandas Gandhi and Ghana under Kwame Nkrumah).

OK.17. Content Standard / Course: World History

The student will evaluate post-World War II global and contemporary events.

• 17.1. Strand / Standard:

  Describe regional military and political conflicts, such as Korea and Vietnam.

• 17.2. Strand / Standard:

  Evaluate the creation of the modern state of Israel, and the recurring conflicts between and among Israel and the Arab neighbors.

• 17.3. Strand / Standard:

  Examine the beginning and end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

• 17.4. Strand / Standard:

  Describe the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the pro-democracy student demonstrations at Tiananmen Square in Beijing.

ND.2. Content Standard: Important Historical Events

Students understand important historical events.

• 9-12.2.1. Benchmark: Tribal Governance

  Analyze Federal policy and action regarding American Indians (e.g. Dawes Act, changes in federal and state Indian policies, civil rights movement; current issues surrounding gaming, housing, distribution of wealth, and healthcare, India

• 9-12.2.2 Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Evaluate the impact of various factors that led to the transformation of the nation (e.g., imperialism, industrialization, immigration, political/social r

• 9-12.2.3. Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Trace the causes, course, and legacy of the United States' involvement in World War I at home and abroad (e.g., neutrality, military technologies, isolati

• 9-12.2.4. Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Analyze the major political, economic, and social developments that occurred between World War I and World War II (e.g. Red Scare, Roaring 20's, Great Dep

• 9-12.2.5. Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Trace the causes, course, and legacy of World War II (e.g., totalitarian regimes; Pacific theater, European theater, home front)

• 9-12.2.6. Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Analyze the economic boom and social transformation of post WWII America (e.g., popular culture, changing women's roles, technological developments)

• 9-12.2.7. Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Analyze the origins, foreign policy, events, and domestic consequences of the Cold War (e.g., containment policy, arms race, fear of communism)

• 9-12.2.8. Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Analyze the struggle for equal opportunity (e.g., Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, civil rights legislation and court cases, civ

• 9-12.2.9. Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Analyze the key events and political/social effects of the Vietnam conflict (e.g., Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the Tet Offensive; protests and oppositio

• 9-12.2.10. Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Analyze the key events, and foreign and domestic policies of contemporary presidential administrations (e.g., Great Society, Watergate, relations with the

• 9-12.2.11. Benchmark: U.S. Periods, Events, Figures, Movements to include but not limited to Industrialization to Present

  Analyze the major social issues and popular culture of contemporary US (e.g. ,immigration, environment, poverty, terrorism, and discrimination)

• 9-12.2.12. Benchmark: Global Periods, Events, Figures, and Movements including but not limited to Renaissance to Present

  Analyze the ideas, events and global impacts of the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment

• 9-12.2.13. Benchmark: Global Periods, Events, Figures, and Movements including but not limited to Renaissance to Present

  Explain the growth and expansion of global economies and their impact on world regions (e.g., mercantilism, slavery, colonialism, Silk Road, salt trade)

• 9-12.2.14. Benchmark: Global Periods, Events, Figures, and Movements including but not limited to Renaissance to Present

  Compare the political, social, and industrial revolutions from the late 18th to the early 20th century (e.g., revolutions in the Americas and France; signi

• 9-12.2.15 Benchmark: Global Periods, Events, Figures, and Movements including but not limited to Renaissance to Present

  Analyze the global causes, course, and consequences of World War I (e.g. imperialism, militarism, nationalism, alliance system; ethnic conflicts and assass

• 9-12.2.16. Benchmark: Global Periods, Events, Figures, and Movements including but not limited to Renaissance to Present

  Analyze the global causes, course, and consequences of World War II and the post-war events (e.g., worldwide depression, totalitarian and militaristic regi

• 9-12.2.17. Benchmark: Global Periods, Events, Figures, and Movements including but not limited to Renaissance to Present

  Explain nationalist and revolutionary movements and attempts by colonial countries to achieve independence after World War II (e.g., revolutionary movement

• 9-12.2.18. Benchmark: Global Periods, Events, Figures, and Movements including but not limited to Renaissance to Present

  Explain events in the development of the Cold War (e.g., Berlin Blockade; nuclear arms and space race; Cuban Missile Crisis; political and economic transfo

• 9-12.2.19. Benchmark: Global Periods, Events, Figures, and Movements including but not limited to Renaissance to Present

  Analyze political and social change in the Middle East and Asia from 1948 - present (e.g., Camp David Accords, Tiananmen Square, conflicts in Middle East,

• 9-12.2.20. Benchmark: Global Periods, Events, Figures, and Movements including but not limited to Renaissance to Present

  Explain contemporary issues and events in an interdependent world (e.g., trends in science, technology, and communication; religious conflicts; environment

ND.3. Content Standard: Economic Concepts

Students understand economic concepts and the characteristics of various economic systems.

• 9-12.3.1. Benchmark: Concepts

  Analyze basic micro and macro economic concepts (e.g., scarcity, opportunity cost, trade offs, markets, business organizations, factors of production, supply and demand, and personal finance)

• 9-12.3.2. Benchmark: Structure and Function

  Explain the role of money and the role of financial institutions in a market economy (e.g., basic functions of money, composition of money supply, role of banks and other financial institutions, federal reserve, credit savings)

• 9-12.3.3. Benchmark: Structure and Function

  Describe the difference between the structure and operation of market economies and centrally planned or command economies (e.g., security, freedom, equity, efficiency, stability, growth)

• 9-12.3.4. Benchmark: Structure and Function

  Analyze the role government plays in an economy (e.g., provision of public goods and services, taxes, protection of property rights, resolution of market failures)

• 9-12.3.5. Benchmark: Impact

  Interpret the concepts of exchange and trade and the impacts and implications of a global economy for individuals and nations

ND.4. Content Standard: Government and Citizenship

Students understand the development, functions, and forms of various political systems and the role of the citizen in government and society.

• 9-12.4.1. Benchmark: Tribal Sovereignty

  Explain how political and economic forces have affected the sovereignty of tribal nations (e.g., constitutional provisions; Supreme Court cases; laws used in forming the basis of the federal-tribal relationship; political and economic

• 9-12.4.2. Benchmark: Historical and Philosophical Foundations

  Compare the nature and source of various types of political entities past and present throughout the world (e.g., ancient Greek and Roman political thought; classical republicans; philosophy of natural rights; lim

• 9-12.4.3. Benchmark: Historical and Philosophical Foundations

  Analyze the content and context of documents, events, and organizations that influenced and established the United States (e.g., Magna Carta; English common law; Petition of Right; English Bill of Rights; 1st and

• 9-12.4.4. Benchmark: Historical and Contemporary Political Processes

  Evaluate the effectiveness of structures, operations, and influences of political systems and constitutional governments (e.g., federalism; separation of powers; checks and balances; media and special inter

• 9-12.4.5. Benchmark: Historical and Contemporary Political Processes

  Analyze historical and contemporary examples of civil liberties and civil rights in the U.S. (e.g., incorporation of the Bill of Rights, amendments, key legislation, and landmark Supreme Court cases)

• 9-12.4.6. Benchmark: Right and Responsibilities of Citizens

  Evaluate the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and civic participation (e.g., election system and process; naturalization; political activism)

ND.5. Content Standard: Concepts of Geography

Students understand and apply concepts of geography.

• 9-12.5.1. Benchmark: Human Geography

  Analyze the Earth's human systems (e.g., population, culture, settlement, economic interdependence)

• 9-12.5.2. Benchmark: Human Geography

  Interpret the relationships between physical environments and society (e.g., humans modify environment, environment modifies society, and use, distribution, and importance of resources)

ND.6. Content Standard: Human Development and Behavior

Students understand the importance of culture, individual identity, and group identity.

• 9-12.6.1. Benchmark: Group Interaction

  Explain how group and cultural influences contribute to human development, identity, and behavior (e.g., religion, education, media, government, and economy)

• 9-12.6.2. Benchmark: Group Interaction

  Explain the various purposes of social groups, general implications of group membership, and different ways that groups function (e.g., minority groups, cliques, counterculture, family relations and political groups)

• 9-12.6.3. Benchmark: Group Interaction

  Relate elements of socio-cultural development with other factors (e.g., individual differences, personality and assessment, psychological disorders and treatments)

• 9-12.6.4. Benchmark: Group Interaction

  Analyze conflict, cooperation, and interdependence among individuals, groups, and institutions (e.g., gender roles, social stratification, racial/ethnic bias)

• 9-12.6.5. Benchmark: Individual Development and Behavior

  Describe how genetic, cognitive and physical development affect human behavior (e.g., inherited traits, development of self, deviant behavior and personality disorders)

NC.2. Course / Competency Goal: Civics and Economics

The learner will analyze how the government established by the United States Constitution embodies the purposes, values, and principles of American democracy.

• 2.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Identify principles in the United States Constitution.

• 2.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain how the United States Constitution defines the framework, organization and structure of the three branches of government at the national level.

• 2.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain how the United States Constitution grants and limits the authority of public officials and government agencies.

• 2.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe how the United States Constitution may be changed and analyze the impact of specific changes.

• 2.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze court cases that illustrate that the United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

• 2.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze court cases that demonstrate how the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights protect the rights of individuals.

• 2.07. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Identify modern controversies related to powers of the federal government that are similar to the debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over ratification of the United States Constitution.

• 2.08. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Examine taxation and other revenue sources at the national level of government.

• 2.09. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe the services provided by selected government agencies and how funding is provided.

NC.3. Course / Competency Goal: Civics and Economics

The learner will analyze how state and local government is established by the North Carolina Constitution.

• 3.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Identify the principles in the North Carolina Constitution and local charters.

• 3.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain how the North Carolina Constitution and local charters define the framework, organization, and structure of government at the state and local level.

• 3.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain how the state constitution grants and limits the authority of public officials and government agencies.

• 3.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe how the state constitution and local charters may be changed, and analyze the impact of specific changes.

• 3.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze court cases that illustrate that the North Carolina Constitution is the law of the state.

• 3.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze how the Fourteenth Amendment extends the Bill of Rights' protection to citizens of a state.

• 3.07. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Identify modern controversies related to powers of the state government.

• 3.08. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Examine taxation and other revenue sources at the state and local level.

• 3.09. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe the services provided by state and local government agencies and how funding is provided.

NC.4. Course / Competency Goal: Civics and Economics

The learner will explore active roles as a citizen at the local, state, and national levels of government.

• 4.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Examine the structure and organization of political parties.

• 4.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe the election process and the qualifications and procedures for voting.

• 4.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze information on political issues and candidates seeking political office.

• 4.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Demonstrate active methods of promoting and inhibiting change through political action.

• 4.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze consequences of compliance or noncompliance with laws governing society.

• 4.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe the benefits of civic participation.

• 4.07. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze costs and benefits of jury service, voting, seeking office, and civic action at the local, state, and national level.

• 4.08. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Participate in civic life, politics, and /or government.

• 4.09. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Utilize various methods of resolving conflicts.

NC.5. Course / Competency Goal: Civics and Economics

The learner will explain how the political and legal systems provide a means to balance competing interests and resolve conflicts.

• 5.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Evaluate the role of debate, consensus, compromise, and negotiation in resolving conflicts.

• 5.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Identify the jurisdiction of state and federal courts.

• 5.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe the adversarial nature of the judicial process.

• 5.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Evaluate the role of debate and compromise in the legislative process.

• 5.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain how local government agencies balance interest and resolve conflicts.

• 5.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze roles of individual citizens, political parties, the media, and other interest groups in public policy decisions, dispute resolution, and government action.

NC.6. Course / Competency Goal: Civics and Economics

The learner will explain why laws are needed and how they are enacted, implemented, and enforced at the national, state, and local levels.

• 6.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Trace the development of law in American society.

• 6.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Cite examples of common, criminal, civil, constitutional, administrative, and statutory law.

• 6.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Identify the various procedures in the enactment, implementation, and enforcement of law.

• 6.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Identify ways citizens can be informed about the laws.

• 6.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Investigate the role and responsibility of government to inform the citizenry.

• 6.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze the role of lobby groups and special interest groups in the enactment of legislation.

• 6.07. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Compare responsibilities, jurisdictions, and methods of law enforcement agencies.

• 6.08. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Evaluate methods used by society to address criminal and anti-social behaviors.

NC.7. Course / Competency Goal: Civics and Economics

The learner will investigate how and why individuals and groups make economic choices.

• 7.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe the basic factors of production such as land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial skills and their impact on economic activities.

• 7.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain how scarcity influences producers and consumers to make choices.

• 7.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Compare examples of tradeoffs and opportunity costs of economic choices.

• 7.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze the impact on economic activities of specialization, division of labor, consumption and production increases.

• 7.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain the impact of investment on human, capital, productive, and natural resources.

• 7.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Compare and contrast how different economic systems address key economic factors.

NC.8. Course / Competency Goal: Civics and Economics

The learner will analyze features of the economic system of the United States.

• 8.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Compare characteristics of command, market, traditional, and mixed economies.

• 8.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe how the free enterprise system encourages private ownership of property and promote individual initiative.

• 8.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain the circular flow of economic activities and how interactions determine the prices of goods and services.

• 8.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Illustrate how supply and demand affects prices.

• 8.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Predict how prices change when there is either a shortage or surplus.

• 8.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain how changes in the level of competition can affect price and output levels.

• 8.07. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Identify and describe the roles and functions of various economic institutions and business organizations.

• 8.08. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Evaluate the investment decisions made by individuals, businesses, and the government.

• 8.09. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe the role of money in trading, borrowing, and investing.

NC.9. Course / Competency Goal: Civics and Economics

The learner will analyze factors influencing the United States economy.

• 9.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Identify phases of the business cycle and the economic indicators used to measure economic activities and trends.

• 9.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe the impact of government regulation on specific economic activities.

• 9.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain the impact of the movement of human and capital resources on the United States economy.

• 9.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Assess how current events impact decisions made by consumers, producers, and government policy makers.

• 9.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain the impact on the United States economy of international trade and global products.

• 9.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Investigate the ways that domestic and international economies are interdependent.

• 9.07. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze the short- and long-term effects of fiscal and monetary policy on the United States economy.

• 9.08. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Analyze the influence of environmental factors, economic conditions, and policy decisions on individual economic activities.

NC.10. Course / Competency Goal: Civics and Economics

The learner will develop, defend, and evaluate positions on issues regarding the personal responsibilities of citizens in the American constitutional democracy.

• 10.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explain the distinction between personal and civic responsibilities and the tensions that may arise between them.

• 10.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Develop, defend, and evaluate positions on issues regarding diversity in American life.

• 10.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Evaluate the importance of supporting, nurturing, and educating oneself in the United States society.

• 10.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Demonstrate characteristics of effective citizenship.

• 10.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Describe examples of recurring public problems and issues.

• 10.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Discuss the consequences and/or benefits of the freedom of economic, legal, and political choices.

NC.1. Course / Competency Goal: Core Skill

The learner will acquire strategies for reading social studies materials and for increasing social studies vocabulary.

• 1.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Read for literal meaning.

• 1.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Summarize to select main ideas.

• 1.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Draw inferences.

• 1.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Detect cause and effect.

• 1.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Recognize bias and propaganda.

• 1.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Recognize and use social studies terms in written and oral reports.

• 1.07. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Distinguish fact and fiction.

• 1.08. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Use context clues and appropriate sources such as glossaries, texts, and dictionaries to gain meaning.

NC.2. Course / Competency Goal: Core Skill

The learner will acquire strategies to access a variety of sources, and use appropriate research skills to gather, synthesize, and report information using diverse modalities to demonstrate the knowledge acquired.

• 2.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Use appropriate sources of information.

• 2.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Explore print and non-print materials.

• 2.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Utilize different types of technology.

• 2.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Utilize community-related resources such as field trips, guest speakers, and interviews.

• 2.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Transfer information from one medium to another such as written to visual and statistical to written.

• 2.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Create written, oral, musical, visual, and theatrical presentations of social studies information.

NC.3. Course / Competency Goal: Core Skill

The learner will acquire strategies to analyze, interpret, create, and use resources and materials.

• 3.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Use map and globe reading skills.

• 3.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Interpret graphs and charts.

• 3.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Detect bias.

• 3.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Interpret social and political messages of cartoons.

• 3.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Interpret history through artifacts, arts, and media.

NC.4. Course / Competency Goal: Core Skill

The learner will acquire strategies needed for applying decision-making and problem-solving techniques both orally and in writing to historic, contemporary, and controversial world issues.

• 4.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Use hypothetical reasoning processes.

• 4.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Examine, understand, and evaluate conflicting viewpoints.

• 4.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Recognize and analyze values upon which judgments are made.

• 4.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Apply conflict resolutions.

• 4.05. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Predict possible outcomes.

• 4.06. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Draw conclusions.

• 4.07. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Offer solutions.

• 4.08. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Develop hypotheses.

NC.5. Course / Competency Goal: Core Skill

The learner will acquire strategies needed for effective incorporation of computer technology in the learning process.

• 5.01. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Use word processing to create, format, and produce classroom assignments/projects.

• 5.02. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Create and modify a database for class assignments.

• 5.03. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Create, modify, and use spreadsheets to examine real-world problems.

• 5.04. Competency Goal / Objective:

  Create nonlinear projects related to the social studies content area via multimedia presentations.

NY.2. Strand / Standard: World History

Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of major ideas, eras, themes, developments, and turning points in world history and examine the broad sweep of history from a variety of perspectives.

• 2.1. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  The study of world history requires an understanding of world cultures and civilizations, including an analysis of important ideas, social and cultural values, beliefs, and traditions. This study also examines the human condition and the connections and interactions of people across time and space, and the ways different people view the same event or issue from a variety of perspectives.

  • 2.1.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students define culture and civilization, explaining how they developed and changed over time. Investigate the various components of cultures and civilizations including social customs, norms, values, and traditions; political systems; economic systems; religions and spiritual beliefs; and socialization or educational practices.

  • 2.1.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students understand the development and connectedness of Western civilization and other civilizations and cultures in many areas of the world and over time.

  • 2.1.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze historic events from around the world by examining accounts written from different perspectives.

  • 2.1.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students understand the broad patterns, relationships, and interactions of cultures and civilizations during particular eras and across eras.

  • 2.1.5. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze changing and competing interpretations of issues, events, and developments throughout world history.

• 2.2. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  Establishing timeframes, exploring different periodizations, examining themes across time and within cultures, and focusing on important turning points in world history help organize the study of world cultures and civilizations.

  • 2.2.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students distinguish between the past, present, and future by creating multiple-tier timelines that display important events and developments from world history across time and place.

  • 2.2.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students evaluate the effectiveness of different models for the periodization of important historic events, identifying the reasons why a particular sequence for these events was chosen.

  • 2.2.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze evidence critically and demonstrate an understanding of how circumstances of time and place influence perspective.

  • 2.2.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students explain the importance of analyzing narratives drawn from different times and places to understand historical events.

  • 2.2.5. Performance Indicator:

    Students investigate key events and developments and major turning points in world history to identify the factors that brought about change and the long-term effects of these changes.

• 2.3. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  Study of the major social, political, cultural, and religious developments in world history involves learning about the important roles and contributions of individuals and groups.

  • 2.3.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze the roles and contributions of individuals and groups to social, political, economic, cultural, and religious practices and activities.

  • 2.3.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students explain the dynamics of cultural change and how interactions between and among cultures has affected various cultural groups throughout the world.

  • 2.3.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students examine the social/cultural, political, economic, and religious norms and values of Western and other world cultures.

• 2.4. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  The skills of historical analysis include the ability to investigate differing and competing interpretations of the theories of history, hypothesize about why interpretations change over time, explain the importance of historical evidence, and understand the concepts of change and continuity over time.

  • 2.4.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students identify historical problems, pose analytical questions or hypotheses, research analytical questions or test hypotheses, formulate conclusions or generalizations, raise new questions or issues for further investigation.

  • 2.4.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students interpret and analyze documents and artifacts related to significant developments and events in world history.

  • 2.4.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students plan and organize historical research projects related to regional or global interdependence.

  • 2.4.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze different interpretations of important events, issues, or developments in world history by studying the social, political, and economic context in which they were developed; by testing the data source for reliability and validity, credibility, authority, authenticity, and completeness; and by detecting bias, distortion of the facts, and propaganda by omission, suppression, or invention of facts. (Taken from National Standards for World History).

NY.3. Strand / Standard: Geography

Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of the geography of the interdependent world in which we live - local, national, and global - including the distribution of people, places, and environments over the Earth's surface.

• 3.2. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  Geography requires the development and application of the skills of asking and answering geographic questions; analyzing theories of geography; and acquiring, organizing, and analyzing geographic information. (Adapted from The National Geography Standards, 1994 Geography for Life).

  • 3.2.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students locate and gather geographic information from a variety of primary and secondary sources (Taken from National Geography Standards, 1994).

  • 3.2.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students plan, organize, and present geographic research projects.

  • 3.2.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students select and design maps, graphs, tables, charts, diagrams, and other graphic representations to present geographic information.

  • 3.2.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze geographic information by developing and testing inferences and hypotheses, and formulating conclusions from maps, photographs, computer models, and other geographic representations (Adapted from National Geography Standards, 1994).

  • 3.2.5. Performance Indicator:

    Students develop and test generalizations and conclusions and pose analytical questions based on the results of geographic inquiry.

• 3.1. Strand / Performance Indicator: Geography can be divided into six essential elements which can be used to analyze important historic, geographic, economic, and environmental questions and issues. These six elements include

  the world in spatial terms, places and regions, physical settings (including natural resources), human systems, environment and society, and the use of geography. (Adapted from The National Geography Standards, 1994: Geography for Life).

  • 3.1.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students understand how to develop and use maps and other graphic representations to display geographic issues, problems, and questions.

  • 3.1.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students describe the physical characteristics of the Earth's surface and investigate the continual reshaping of the surface by physical processes and human activities.

  • 3.1.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students investigate the characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on the Earth's surface (Taken from National Geography Standards, 1994).

  • 3.1.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students understand the development and interactions of social/cultural, political, economic, and religious systems in different regions of the world.

  • 3.1.5. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze how the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of the Earth's surface (Taken from National Geography Standards, 1994).

  • 3.1.6. Performance Indicator:

    Students explain how technological change affects people, places, and regions.

NY.4. Strand / Standard: Economics

Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of how the United States and other societies develop economic systems and associated institutions to allocate scarce resources, how major decision-making units function in the United States and other national economies, and how an economy solves the scarcity problem through market and nonmarket mechanisms.

• 4.1. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  The study of economics requires an understanding of major economic concepts and systems, the principles of economic decision making, and the interdependence of economies and economic systems throughout the world.

  • 4.1.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze the effectiveness of varying ways societies, nations, and regions of the world attempt to satisfy their basic needs and wants by utilizing scarce resources.

  • 4.1.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students define and apply basic economic concepts such as scarcity, supply/demand, opportunity costs, production, resources, money and banking, economic growth, markets, costs, competition, and world economic systems.

  • 4.1.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students understand the nature of scarcity and how nations of the world make choices which involve economic and social costs and benefits.

  • 4.1.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students describe the ideals, principles, structure, practices, accomplishments, and problems related to the United States economic system.

  • 4.1.5. Performance Indicator:

    Students compare and contrast the United States economic system with other national economic systems, focusing on the three fundamental economic questions.

  • 4.1.6. Performance Indicator:

    Students explain how economic decision making has become global as a result of an interdependent world economy.

  • 4.1.7. Performance Indicator:

    Students understand the roles in the economic system of consumers, producers, workers, investors, and voters.

• 4.2. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  Economics requires the development and application of the skills needed to make informed and well-reasoned economic decisions in daily and national life.

  • 4.2.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students identify, locate, and evaluate economic information from standard reference works, newspapers, periodicals, computer databases, monographs, textbooks, government publications, and other primary and secondary sources.

  • 4.2.2. Performance Indicator: Students use economic information by identifying similarities and differences in trends; inferring relationships between various elements of an economy

    organizing and arranging information in charts, tables, and graphs; extrapolating and making conclusions about economic questions, issues, and problems.

  • 4.2.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students apply a problem-solving model to identify economic problems or issues, generate hypotheses, test hypotheses, investigate and analyze selected data, consider alternative solutions or positions, and make decisions about the best solution or position.

  • 4.2.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students present economic information and conclusions in different formats, including graphic representations, computer models, research reports, and oral presentations.

NY.5. Strand / Standard: Civics, Citizenship, and Government

Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of the necessity for establishing governments; the governmental system of the United States and other nations; the United States Constitution; the basic civic values of American constitutional democracy; and the roles, rights, and responsibilities of citizenship, including avenues of participation.

• 5.1. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  The study of civics, citizenship, and government involves learning about political systems; the purposes of government and civic life; and the differing assumptions held by people across time and place regarding power, authority, governance, and law. (Adapted from The National Standards for Civics and Government, 1994).

  • 5.1.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze how the values of a nation and international organizations affect the guarantee of human rights and make provisions for human needs.

  • 5.1.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students consider the nature and evolution of constitutional democracies throughout the world.

  • 5.1.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students compare various political systems with that of the United States in terms of ideology, structure, function, institutions, decision-making processes, citizenship roles, and political culture.

  • 5.1.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students identify and analyze advantages and disadvantages of various governmental systems.

• 5.2. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  The state and federal governments established by the Constitutions of the United States and the State of New York embody basic civic values (such as justice, honesty, self-discipline, due process, equality, majority rule with respect for minority rights, and respect for self, others, and property), principles, and practices and establish a system of shared and limited government. (Adapted from The National Standards for Civics and Government, 1994).

  • 5.2.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students trace the evolution of American values, beliefs, and institutions.

  • 5.2.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze the disparities between civic values expressed in the United States Constitution and the United Nation Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the realities as evidenced in the political, social, and economic life in the United States and throughout the world.

  • 5.2.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students identify, respect, and model those core civic values inherent in our founding documents that have been forces for unity in American society.

  • 5.2.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students compare and contrast the Constitutions of the United States and New York State.

  • 5.2.5. Performance Indicator:

    Students understand the dynamic relationship between federalism and state's rights.

• 5.3. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  Central to civics and citizenship is an understanding of the roles of the citizen within American constitutional democracy and the scope of a citizen's rights and responsibilities.

  • 5.3.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students understand how citizenship includes the exercise of certain personal responsibilities, including voting, considering the rights and interests of others, behaving in a civil manner, and accepting responsibility for the consequences of one's actions (Adapted from The National Standards for Civics and Government, 1994).

  • 5.3.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students analyze issues at the local, state, and national levels and prescribe responses that promote the public interest or general welfare, such as planning and carrying out a voter registration campaign.

  • 5.3.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students describe how citizenship is defined by the Constitution and important laws.

  • 5.3.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students explore how citizens influence public policy in a representative democracy.

• 5.4. Strand / Performance Indicator:

  The study of civics and citizenship requires the ability to probe ideas and assumptions, ask and answer analytical questions, take a skeptical attitude toward questionable arguments, evaluate evidence, formulate rational conclusions, and develop and refine participatory skills.

  • 5.4.1. Performance Indicator:

    Students participate as informed citizens in the political justice system and processes of the United States, including voting.

  • 5.4.2. Performance Indicator:

    Students evaluate, take, and defend positions on what the fundamental values and principles of American political life are and their importance to the maintenance of constitutional democracy (Adapted from The National Standards for Civics and Government, 1994).

  • 5.4.3. Performance Indicator:

    Students take, defend, and evaluate positions about attitudes that facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in public affairs.

  • 5.4.4. Performance Indicator:

    Students consider the need to respect the rights of others, to respect others' points of view (Adapted from The National Standards for Civics and Government, 1996).

  • 5.4.5. Performance Indicator:

    Students participate in school/classroom/community activities that focus on an issue or problem.

  • 5.4.6. Performance Indicator:

    Students prepare a plan of action that defines an issue or problem, suggests alternative solutions or courses of action, evaluates the consequences for each alternative solution or course of action, prioritizes the solutions based on established criteria, and proposes an action plan to address the issue or to resolve the problem.

  • 5.4.7. Performance Indicator:

    Students explain how democratic principles have been used in resolving an issue or problem.

NH.4. Strand / Standard: Economics

Economics is the study of the allocation and utilization of limited resources to meet society's unlimited needs and wants, including how goods and services are produced and distributed. Through economics, students examine the relationship between costs and benefits. They develop an understanding of basic economic concepts; economics in history; how economics affects and is affected by the individual; cycles in the economy; financial institutions and government; and international economics and trade. The goal of economic education is to prepare students to make effective decisions as consumers, producers, savers, investors, and as citizens.

• 4.1. Standard / Gle: Economics and the Individual

  Students will learn about their role in a free market, how decisions that they make affect the economy, and how changes in the economy can affect them.

  • 4.1.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine the roles of workers and consumers in factor and product markets, e.g., how labor or private property can be used as a productive resource.

  • 4.1.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Conceptualize how events in the business cycle impact individual lives, e.g., career or consumer choices.

• 4.2. Standard / Gle: Basic Economic Concepts

  Students will learn about the pillars of a free market economy and the market mechanism.

  • 4.2.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain how the allocation of resources impact productivity and ultimately economic growth, e.g., worker migrations.

  • 4.2.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Use a circular flow model to explain the interdependence of business, government and households in the factor and product markets.

  • 4.2.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Interpret demand and supply schedules/graphs including the influences on price elasticity, e.g., the impact of downloading music from the internet.

  • 4.2.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the similarities and differences among monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic and pure competition, e.g., ease of entry and degree of price control.

  • 4.2.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the similarities and differences among sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations, e.g., number of owners and financing options.

• 4.3. Standard / Gle: Cycles in the Economy

  Students will be able to explain the business cycle and trends in economic activity over time.

  • 4.3.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Recognize the economic indicators that create or reflect changes in the business cycle, e.g., new home construction or number of unemployment claims.

  • 4.3.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the different types of inflation, e.g., cost-push or structural.

  • 4.3.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Apply the consumer price index to demonstrate comparative values over time, e.g., the purchasing power of the dollar.

  • 4.3.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the different types of unemployment, e.g., frictional or cyclical.

• 4.4. Standard / Gle: Financial Institutions and the Government

  Students will understand how financial institutions and the government work together to stabilize our economy, and how changes in them affect the individual.

  • 4.4.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the effect of government actions on financial institutions, e.g., securities and exchange regulations or the New Hampshire Banking Commission

  • 4.4.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the components of the money supply, e.g., currency or money market accounts.

  • 4.4.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Distinguish between monetary policy and fiscal policy and how they influence the economy, e.g., the reserve ratio or taxation.

• 4.5. Standard / Gle: International Economics and Trade

  Students will recognize the importance of international trade and how economies are affected by it.

  • 4.5.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain how comparative advantage affects trade decisions, e.g., importing steel or exporting capital equipment.

  • 4.5.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the reasons for changes in international currency values, e.g., interest rates or the balance of trade.

  • 4.5.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine how various national economic policies have led to changes in the international economy, e.g., mercantilism or privatization.

• 4.6. Standard / Gle: Personal Finance

  Students will be able to explain the importance of money management, spending credit, saving, and investing in a free market economy.

  • 4.6.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Compare the risk, rate of return, and liquidity of investment.

  • 4.6.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and analyze sources of consumer credit.

  • 4.6.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain factors that affect creditworthiness and identify ways to avoid and correct credit problems.

  • 4.6.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe how insurance and other risk management strategies protect against financial loss.

NH.5. Strand / Standard: Geography

The real crux of geography is understanding our physical Earth and human-environment interaction: knowing why people settle in an area, how they make their living and the resources they use, why they dress or speak the way they do, and what they do for entertainment. A geographically informed person can draw connections between locations of the Earth, recognize complex regional patterns, and appreciate the influence of place on human development.

• 5.1. Standard / Gle: The World in Spatial Terms

  Students will demonstrate the ability to use maps, mental maps, globes, and other graphic tools and technologies to acquire, process, report, and analyze geographic information.

  • 5.1.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Use graphic tools to depict geographic issues, e.g., ice production in the Philippines or voting patterns in the United States.

  • 5.1.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Demonstrate how mental maps reflect the human perception of places, e.g., people's decisions to migrate or attitudes towards other cultures.

  • 5.1.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze spatial interactions and models of spatial organization, e.g., trade flows between countries or location of industry in areas of low production costs.

• 5.2. Standard / Gle: Places and Regions

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of the physical and human geographic features that define places and regions as well as how culture and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions.

  • 5.2.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Discuss the changing meaning and significance of place, e.g., London as a Roman outpost in Britain or as the center of a global empire in the 1800s.

  • 5.2.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Investigate how relationships between humans and the physical environment lead to the formation of 'place,' e.g., terracing of hillsides or oasis agriculture.

  • 5.2.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the structure of regional systems, e.g., how small cities are linked to larger cities.

  • 5.2.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Utilize regions to analyze geographic issues, e.g., the cotton South v. the industrial North prior to the Civil War or tensions within the European Union.

  • 5.2.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Recognize that places and regions serve as symbols for individuals and societies, e.g., Mecca or Salt Lake City.

• 5.3. Standard / Gle: Physical Systems

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of the physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface and the characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems.

  • 5.3.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the interaction of Earth's physical systems, e.g., tectonic forces that shape continents and ocean basins.

  • 5.3.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Demonstrate the spatial variation in physical processes across Earth's surface, e.g., monsoon patterns or desertification.

  • 5.3.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Illustrate the characteristics of different ecosystems, e.g., the location of temperate rain forests or the factors and processes involved in the formation of soils.

  • 5.3.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Compare the carrying capacity of different ecosystems in relation to land use, e.g., steppe or savanna.

  • 5.3.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Recognize the importance of ecosystems in people's understanding of environmental issues, e.g., the long-term effects of acid rain on water bodies or forest fires and management.

• 5.4. Standard / Gle: Human Systems

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of human migration; the complexity of cultural mosaics; economic interdependence; human settlement patterns; and the forces of cooperation and conflict among peoples.

  • 5.4.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify world population trends in both numbers and patterns, e.g., urban development or the availability of water.

  • 5.4.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Distinguish how culture traits shape the character of a region, e.g., Buddhism in Southeast Asia or the French language in Quebec.

  • 5.4.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Recognize the increasing economic interdependence of the world's countries, e.g., the geographic consequences of an international debt crisis or the location of oil reserves.

  • 5.4.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Classify the functions, sizes, and spatial arrangements of urban areas, e.g., how cities differ from towns and villages.

  • 5.4.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Demonstrate how cooperation and conflict are involved in shaping the distribution of social, political, and economic spaces on Earth at different scales, e.g., the reunification of Germany or the Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda.

  • 5.4.12.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify economic activities in more developed or less developed countries and their evolution, e.g., primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary economic activities.

• 5.5. Standard / Gle: Environment and Society

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of the connections and consequences of the interactions between Earth's physical and human systems.

  • 5.5.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Appraise the significance of the global impact of human modification of the physical environment, e.g., the dispersal of animal and plant species worldwide or soil degradation.

  • 5.5.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain how changes in the physical environment can diminish its capacity to support human activity, e.g., the rainforests in central Africa or the Great Plains Dust Bowl.

  • 5.5.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Consider how humans perceive and react to natural hazards, e.g., flood plains in New Hampshire or earthquake zones.

  • 5.5.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine how the spatial distribution of resources affects patterns of human settlement, e.g., the creation of ghost towns in mining areas of Colorado or the growth of Johannesburg, South Africa.

  • 5.5.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explore how the use and development of natural resources use change over time, e.g., energy sources in Siberia or the changes in the use of petroleum.

  • 5.5.12.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the management and use of renewable, non-renewable, flow and potential resources, e.g., overfishing or recycling.

NH.6. Strand / Standard: New Hampshire and United States History

The study of New Hampshire and United States History is important in helping citizens understand and appreciate the legacy of our republic, and to develop the empathy and analytical skills needed to participate intelligently and responsibly in our ongoing democratic experiment. Historical study exposes students to the enduring themes and issues of our past and emboldens them to courageously and compassionately meet the contemporary challenges they will face as individuals in a state, a country and an interdependent world. Ultimately, the study of history will help students plan and implement responsible actions that support and enhance our collective values.

• 6.1. Standard / Gle: Political Foundations and Development

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of the major ideas, issues and events pertaining to the history of governance in our state and nation.

  • 6.1.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Account for the rise and fall of political parties and movements and their impact, e.g., the Whig Party or the Progressive Movement.

  • 6.1.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze how religion has influenced the political life of the nation, e.g., the separation of church and state in early New Hampshire or the rise of the Moral Majority.

  • 6.1.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the roots and application of the federal system of government by examining key documents and events, e.g., the Articles of Confederation or the New Deal.

  • 6.1.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine the impact of sectionalism on national crises and United States government policies, e.g., Hartford Convention or Brown v. Board of Education.

• 6.2. Standard / Gle: Contacts, Exchanges & International Relations

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of the events, actions and policies of our nation in relation to other peoples and governments over time.

  • 6.2.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine the role of New Hampshire in international diplomacy, e.g., the Webster-Ashburton Treaty or the Bretton Woods Economic Conference.

  • 6.2.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze how United States foreign policy has varied from periods of international involvement, to isolationism, to exerting power and dominance at different time periods, e.g., the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars or the two World Wars.

  • 6.2.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Decide to what extent democratic ideals, economic motives and empire building have influenced U.S. foreign policy in events and policies, e.g., Jefferson's Embargo Act or the Spanish American War.

  • 6.2.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Determine the extent to which Manifest Destiny has been a driving force behind American ideology, e.g., Roger Williams and the founding of Rhode Island and the Providence Plantations or the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

  • 6.2.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Investigate United States involvement in and/or conflict with regional and international organizations, e.g., the League of Nations or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

• 6.3. Standard / Gle: World Views and Value systems and their Intellectual and Artistic Expressions

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of conceptions of reality, ideals, guidelines of behavior and forms of expression.

  • 6.3.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate how individuals have developed ideas that have profoundly affected American life, e.g., transcendentalism or relativism.

  • 6.3.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze how the arts and science often reflect and/or influence major ideas, values and conflicts of particular time periods, e.g., the impact of the Enlightenment on the founding of our nation or the Harlem Renaissance.

  • 6.3.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Critique how the art, music and literature of our nation have been influenced by groups, e.g., the Spanish colonists in the Southwest or the 60s counter culture movement.

  • 6.3.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the spread of American ideas and culture around the world using examples, e.g., the Bill of Rights or popular music.

• 6.4. Standard / Gle: Economic Systems & Technology

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of the changing forms of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services over time.

  • 6.4.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze how westward movement led to increased personal opportunities and a more diverse economy as seen in events, e.g., the Northwest Ordinance or Alaskan statehood.

  • 6.4.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the impact of major developments and changes in American economic productivity, e.g., the factory system or the emergence of a service-based economy.

  • 6.4.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain how the development of technology has both simplified and complicated work, e.g., the development of interchangeable parts or the 'paperless' office.

  • 6.4.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine how economic interactions have occurred on an increasingly global scale, e.g., mercantilism or North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

  • 6.4.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain how the economy over time has shaped the distribution of wealth, e.g., the development of the middle class or the recent outsourcing of United States' jobs.

• 6.5. Standard / Gle: Social/Cultural

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of the interaction of various social groups, including their values, beliefs and practices, over time.

  • 6.5.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explore the tensions between the values of unity and pluralism in defining our national identity, e.g., the Puritans v Anne Hutchinson or the counter-culture vs. the silent majority.

  • 6.5.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the changing roles of gender in society, e.g., the ideal of 'Republican Motherhood' or Title IX.

  • 6.5.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explore attitudes toward diversity held by and groups and individuals, e.g., antebellum Southerners or Eleanor Roosevelt.

  • 6.5.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine the impact of social class on life in the United States, e.g., democracy in the Age of Jackson or public education.

  • 6.5.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze how religious ideas of morality have impacted social change, e.g., the Abolitionist Movement or the debate over legalized abortion.

NH.7. Strand / Standard: World History and Contemporary Issues

The study of World History and Contemporary Issues is important in helping citizens understand and appreciate the contemporary challenges they will face as individuals in an interdependent, increasingly connected world. Knowledge of past achievements and failures of different peoples and nations provides citizens of the 21st century with a broader context within which to address the many issues facing our nation and the world. World History fosters an appreciation of the roots of our nation's values and the values and perspectives of other peoples. It illustrates how humans have expressed themselves in different surroundings and at different times, revealing the many commonalties and differences shared by the world's peoples past and present.

• 7.1. Standard / Gle: Political Foundations and Developments

  Students will demonstrate an understanding of major events, ideas and issues pertaining to the history of governance.

  • 7.1.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the development of different political systems, e.g., the city-state, nation-state or the European Union.

  • 7.1.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of international and regional political organizations, e.g., the Delian League, the United Nations or the Warsaw Pact.

  • 7.1.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the impact of modern weapons of mass destruction on world relations during eras, e.g., the World Wars, the Cold War or contemporary times.

  • 7.1.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the impact on political institutions of mass movements, e.g., the French Revolution, Taiping Rebellion, or anti-apartheid protest in South Africa

  • 7.1.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the influence of religion on political systems, e.g., priestesses in Sumeria, Hinduism in Southeast Asia, or Islam in Africa.

• 7.2. Standard / Gle: Contacts, Exchanges & International Relations

  Students will demonstrate their understanding of the interactions of peoples and governments over time.

  • 7.2.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe how traders and merchants have been instrumental in spreading ideas and beliefs to new areas, e.g., Arab traders in Africa, Europeans to Australia and Micronesia, or Western business representatives in East Asia.

  • 7.2.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate how military encounters have often led to cultural exchanges, e.g., T'ang expansion, Mongol conquests, or World War II.

  • 7.2.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Assess the impact of migrations of peoples on the receiving societies, e.g., Chinese to Southeast Asia, Europeans to Latin America, or formerly colonized peoples to Europe.

  • 7.2.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the effectiveness of attempts to regulate warfare and sustain peaceful contacts, e.g., arranged marriages between ruling families, the League of Nations, or nuclear non-proliferation treaties.

• 7.3. Standard / Gle: World Views and Value systems and their Intellectual and Artistic Expressions

  Students will demonstrate their understanding of conceptions of reality, ideals, guidelines of behavior and their forms of expression.

  • 7.3.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe how people's differences in religion have often led to conflict in regions of the world, e.g., the Roman Empire, the Holy Land, or the Indian subcontinent.

  • 7.3.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze how philosophic systems and social theories are powerful forces throughout history, e.g., Stoicism, neo-Confucianism, or liberation theology.

  • 7.3.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine how gender and ethnicity have been conceptualized in the arts, e.g., epic literature, African wood carvings, or film.

  • 7.3.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Consider how art, music, and literature often reflect or influence major ideas, values and conflicts of particular time periods, e.g., pre-Columbian America, the Renaissance, or eras of intense nationalism.

• 7.4. Standard / Gle: Economic Systems & Technology

  Students will demonstrate their understanding of the changing forms of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services over time.

  • 7.4.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze various systems of distributing wealth, e.g., feudalism, free market economies, or the welfare state.

  • 7.4.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the impact of the Industrial Revolution around the world, e.g., the emergence of the factory system or the search for markets in Asia and Africa.

  • 7.4.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the development and impact of various labor systems, e.g., slavery, the medieval guilds, or wage labor.

  • 7.4.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine the development and impact of medical innovations, e.g., Buddhist hospitals, the discovery of germs, or stem cell research.

  • 7.4.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Consider the relationship between weapons development and political or economic power, e.g., the horse-drawn chariot, gunpowder, or nuclear weapons.

• 7.5. Standard / Gle: Social/Cultural

  Students will demonstrate their understanding of the diversity of values, beliefs, and practices of individuals and groups over time.

  • 7.5.12.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Assess the impact of urbanization on the world environment, e.g., Rome or Sao Paulo.

  • 7.5.12.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine the role and impact of religious ideas on daily life and social norms, e.g., rites of passage, personal morality, or dietary practices.

  • 7.5.12.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze struggles for cultural continuity by Diaspora communities, e.g., ethnic Chinese, Jews, or Roma (gypsies).

  • 7.5.12.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Examine gender roles in societies, e.g., ancient Athens, the Mali Empire, or contemporary Latin America.

  • 7.5.12.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Determine the basis for ranking social groups within a given culture, e.g., religious knowledge, wealth, or military power.

NV.2.0. Content Standard: Economics

Measuring U.S. Economic Performance: Students will demonstrate a knowledge of past and present U.S. economic performance, identify the economic indicators used to measure that performance, and use this knowledge to make individual decisions and discuss social issues.

• 2.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Measuring Economic Growth

  Explain the difference between nominal GDP and real GDP.

• 2.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Measuring Economic Growth

  Using real GDP per capita as a measure of the standard of living, describe how living standards have changed over time. (H 1.12.2; H 2.12.3)

• 2.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Measuring Economic Growth

  Using the change in real GDP, examine the U.S. economy over time, identifying recessions and high and low rates of growth. (H 1.12.2; H 2.12.3; H 8.8.6; H 8.12.6)

• 2.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Measuring Inflation

  Using a price index to measure inflation, identify when the U.S. economy has experienced high and low rates of inflation and discuss their effects. (H 1.12.2; H 2.12.3)

• 2.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Measuring Inflation

  Use various price indexes to determine how the prices of different types of goods and services have changed.

• 2.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Measuring Unemployment

  Explain and give examples of the costs of unemployment to the economy as a whole (such as lost income, lost tax revenue, and additional welfare burdens). (H 8.12.6)

• 2.12.7 Strand / Indicator: Measuring Unemployment

  Compare the unemployment rates for groups of people who differ by age, gender, ethnic origin, occupation, and educational attainment.

• 2.12.8 Strand / Indicator: Measuring Interest

  Explain why a real interest rate accurately measures the benefit of saving or the cost of borrowing.

• 2.12.9 Strand / Indicator: Measuring Interest

  Demonstrate knowledge of when interest rate levels have experienced relative highs and relative lows throughout U.S. history and discuss their effects. (H 1.12.2; H 8.12.6)

• 2.12.10 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Characterize different career paths according to the rates of job growth and employment opportunities.

• 2.12.11 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Explain ways a high interest rate could be detrimental or beneficial.

• 2.12.12 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Evaluate saving and borrowing options in terms of interest and compare long- and short-term costs and benefits.

NV.3.0. Content Standard: Economics

Functioning of Markets: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how markets work, including an understanding of why markets form, how supply and demand interact to determine market prices and interest rates, and how changes in prices act as signals to coordinate trade.

• 3.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Trade Is Beneficial

  Demonstrate an understanding that all voluntary trade, by definition, benefits both parties.

• 3.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Markets Determine Prices

  Use the concepts of supply and demand to analyze and predict the price changes occurring in markets for goods and services. (H 2.12.3)

• 3.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Prices as Signals

  Use the concept of price elasticity to analyze how buyers and sellers might adjust their purchase and sales decisions in response to price changes.

• 3.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Prices as Signals

  Discuss the effects of price controls (price ceilings and price floors) (such as minimum wage, rent control). (E 10.12.4)

• 3.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Determining Interest Rates

  Use supply and demand to explain how interest rates are determined.

• 3.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Analyze and predict instances in which people pay high and low interest rates (such as car loans and credit cards).

• 3.12.7 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Analyze family spending decisions, drawing conclusions about the desirability of making substitutions, given the relative prices of various substitutes.

NV.4.0. Content Standard: Economics

Private U.S. Economic Institutions: Students will describe the roles played by U.S. economic institutions including financial institutions, labor unions, corporations, and not-for-profit organizations.

• 4.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Financial Institutions

  Analyze the roles of financial institutions in creating credit.

• 4.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Labor Unions

  Discuss how labor unions affect employees and employers. (C 5.12.6; E 10.12.4)

• 4.12.3 Strand / Indicator: For-profit Business Organizations

  Identify current or historical mergers, buyouts, and acquisitions. (H 7.12.8)

• 4.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Not-for-profit Organizations

  Explain how the services of not-for-profit organizations impact other economic institutions.

• 4.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Compare and contrast the services offered by financial institutions, evaluating their usefulness to borrowers and lenders.

• 4.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Compare and contrast careers associated with financial institutions, labor unions, for-profit business organizations, and not-for-profit organizations.

NV.5.0. Content Standard: Economics

Money: Students demonstrate an understanding of forms of money, how money makes it easier to trade, borrow, save, invest, and compare the value of goods and services; and how the Federal Reserve System and its policies affect the U.S. money supply.

• 5.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Functions of Money

  Explain the three functions of money: medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account.

• 5.12.2 Strand / Indicator: The Federal Reserve and the Banking System

  Explain why the money supply increases when banks make loans.

• 5.12.3 Strand / Indicator: The Federal Reserve and the Banking System

  Explain how the Federal Reserve influences bank loan activity using the reserve requirement, discount rate, and open market operations.

• 5.12.4 Strand / Indicator: History of Money

  Describe the nation's current money supply measures, including M1 and M2.

• 5.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Explain what a credit rating is and how it affects access to money.

NV.6.0. Content Standard: Economics

The U.S. Economy as a Whole: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the U.S. economic system as a whole in terms of how it allocates resources; determines the nation's production, income, unemployment, and price levels; and leads to variations in individual income levels.

• 6.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Resource Allocation

  Compare the benefits and costs of allocating resources through markets or government. (C 7.12.2; H 6.8.12; H 6.12.12)

• 6.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Resource Allocation

  Discuss how an economy determines what goods and services will be produced, how they will be produced, and who will receive them. (H 6.12.12)

• 6.12.3 Strand / Indicator: The Nation's Production Level

  Analyze the potential production of goods and services for a nation as determined by its resources and technology. (H 6.12.1; H 7.12.7; H 9.12.5)

• 6.12.4 Strand / Indicator: The Nation's Income Level

  Explain how the multiplier can affect the nation's income.

• 6.12.5 Strand / Indicator: The Nation's Unemployment Rate

  Make connections between the nation's unemployment rate and changes in seasons, changes in an industry, and changes in demographics. (E 11.12.2)

• 6.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Differences in Individual Incomes

  Explain how and why changes in product demand can affect the price of the product, which, in turn, can affect the wages paid to a worker.

• 6.12.7 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Assess the attractiveness of career paths of interest and how they might be affected by changes in the national economy.

NV.7.0. Content Standard: Economics

An Evolving Economy: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how investment, entrepreneurship, competition, and specialization lead to changes in an economy's structure and performance.

• 7.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Investment

  Describe the past, present, and future role of investment in enhancing economic growth and raising living standards. (H 7.12.7)

• 7.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Investment

  Identify the benefits and the costs of investing in new physical capital and new human capital.

• 7.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Investment

  Examine government's impact on investment through taxes, fees, government regulation, enterprise zones, and subsidies. (C 3.8.1)

• 7.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Entrepreneurship

  Discuss how entrepreneurs affect the economy by solving problems, taking risks, and taking advantage of opportunities to earn profits.

• 7.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Competition

  Explain how individual self-interest, channeled through the marketplace, can increase the overall standard of living. (H 6.12.12)

• 7.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Specialization

  Discuss the pros and cons of specialization and interdependence. (E 10.12.14)

• 7.12.7 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Explain why top performers in any field are specialists.

NV.8.0. Content Standard: Economics

The Role of Government in a Market Economy: Students will explain the role of government in a market economy.

• 8.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Public Goods

  Explain why government provides public goods rather than allowing the market to provide them.

• 8.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Externalities

  Explain why government intervenes in markets in response to externalities.

• 8.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Redistributing Income

  Discuss whether redistributing income is an appropriate role of government. (C 2.12.3; E 10.12.1; E 10.12.4; H 8.12.6)

• 8.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Property Rights

  Demonstrate an under-standing that government must define, establish, and enforce property rights in order for markets to function. (C 1.12.1)

• 8.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Political Decisions

  Explain why it is possible that a government decision may impose costs on many, but only benefit a few. (C 4.12.2; C 4.12.3)

• 8.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Fiscal Policy

  Explain how fiscal policy affects production, employment, and price levels. (C 4.12.6; H 8.12.6; H 8.12.9)

• 8.12.7 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Give examples of mandates that increase prices of goods and services in Nevada.

NV.9.0. Content Standard: Economics

The International Economy: Students explore the characteristics of non-U.S. economic systems in order to demonstrate an understanding of how they are connected, through trade, to peoples and cultures throughout the world.

• 9.12.1 Strand / Indicator: International Trade

  Analyze the pros and cons of foreign trade, comparing free trade with restricted trade. (E10.12.4; G 4.12.6; H 10.12.2)

• 9.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Interdependence

  Describe how foreign economic events can impact the U.S. economy. (C 8.12.2; G 4.12.7; H 7.12.17; H 10.12.3)

• 9.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Characteristics of Non-U.S. Economic Systems

  Describe some characteristics of non-U.S. economies that affect international trade. (C 7.12.2; G 4.12.7; G 6.12.1)

• 9.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Exchange Rates

  Determine how a change in exchange rates affects the ability of residents of one country to consume products from other countries.

• 9.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Draw conclusions about how the prices of goods you purchase would change if imports were restricted.

• 9.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Personal Economics

  Discuss how potential career paths could be affected by changes in foreign demand for U.S. products.

NV.1.0. Content Standard: Geography

The World in Spatial Terms: Students use maps, globes, and other geographic tools and technologies to locate and derive information about people, places, and environments.

• 1.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Map Use

  Use a variety of complex maps to acquire geographic information such as topographic, demographic, and land use. (H 2.12.3)

• 1.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Map Section

  Select appropriate maps, map projections, and other representations to analyze and interpret geographic information. (H 2.12.3)

• 1.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Geographic Tools and Technologies

  Use appropriate geo- graphic tools and technologies to analyze and interpret Earth's physical and human features. (H 2.12.3)

• 1.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Map Construction

  Construct complex, accurate maps and models from memory to answer questions about the location of human and physical features. (H 2.12.3)

• 1.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Map Applications

  Analyze maps for similarities and differences in purpose, accuracy, content, and design. (H 2.12.5)

• 1.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Map Analysis

  Apply concepts and models of spatial organization to make decisions about geographic information.

NV.2.0. Content Standard: Geography

Places and Regions-Students understand the physical and human features and cultural characteristics of places and use this information to define and study regions and their patterns of changes.

• 2.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Characteristics of Places and Regions

  Determine how relationships between humans and the physical environment lead to the development of and connections among places and regions. (H 3.12.3; H 4.12.1; H 4.12.2; H 4.12.5)

• 2.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Cultural Identity

  Explain why places and regions are important to cultural identity and can serve as forces for both unification and fragmentation. (E 3.12.1;E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3; H 4.12.2)

• 2.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Cultural Perspectives

  Compare and contrast the characteristics of places and regions from different points of view. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

• 2.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Impact of Technology

  Determine how technology affects the way cultural groups perceive and use places and regions. (H 3.12.3; H 3.12.4)

• 2.12.5 Strand / Indicator: History and Region

  Analyze selected historical issues and questions using the geographic concept of regions. (H 3.12.3;H 3.12.4; H 4.12.1; H 4.12.2; H 6.12.17)

• 2.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Patterns of Change

  Analyze why places and regions once characterized by one set of criteria may be defined by a different set of criteria today, and evaluate these changes. (H 3.12.3;H 3.12.4; H 4.12.1)

• 2.12.7 Strand / Indicator: Applying Concepts of Regions

  Apply the concept of region to organize and study a geographic issue.

NV.3.0. Content Standard: Geography

Physical Systems-Students understand how physical processes shape Earth's surface patterns and ecosystems.

• 3.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Physical Systems

  Describe and analyze how interactions of the four basic physical systems affect different regions of the United States and the world.

• 3.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Natural Hazards

  Describe the causes and consequences of natural hazards that shape features and patterns on the Earth.

• 3.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Characteristics of Ecosystems

  Analyze the effects of physical and human forces on interdependence within different ecosystems.

• 3.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Distribution of Ecosystems

  Analyze the biodiversity, distribution, and productivity of ecosystems across Earth's surface.

• 3.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Analysis of Ecosystems

  Propose solutions to environmental problems using the concept of ecosystems.

NV.4.0. Content Standard: Geography

Human Systems - Students understand how economic, political, and cultural processes interact to shape patterns of human migration and settlement, influence and interdependence, and conflict and cooperation.

• 4.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Demographic Concepts

  Analyze demographic trends in world population.

• 4.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Migration and Settlement

  Evaluate the impact of migration and settlement on physical and human systems. (H 3.12.3)

• 4.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Historical Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas

  Analyze how history has been affected by the movement of people, goods, and ideas.

• 4.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Patterns of Human Settlement

  Compare the characteristics and patterns of migration and settlement in developing and developed countries.

• 4.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Economic Systems and Interdependence

  Analyze how location and distance connect and influence economic systems at local, national, and international levels. (C 8.12.2; H 3.12.3; H 4.12.5)

• 4.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Analysis of Economic Issues

  Analyze and evaluate international economic issues from a spatial perspective. (E 5.12.6; Ec 9.12.1; H 4.12.5)

• 4.12.7 Strand / Indicator: Patterns of Human Development

  Predict the impact of changes in the level of economic development on the quality of life in developing and developed countries. (Ec 2.12.2; M 5.12.1)

• 4.12.8 Strand / Indicator: Human Organizations

  Evaluate the changes that occur in the size and structure of cultural, political, and economic organizations. (C 4.12.2)

• 4.12.9 Strand / Indicator: Cooperation and Conflict

  Analyze how different cultures, points of view, and self-interests influence cooperation and conflict over territory and resources. (C 5.12.6; C 4.12.3)

• 4.12.10 Strand / Indicator: International Alliances and Organizations

  Describe the forces of cooperation and conflict as they affect the way the world is divided among countries.

NV.5.0. Content Standard: Geography

Environment and Society-Students understand the effects of interactions between human and physical systems and the changes in use, distribution, and importance of resources.

• 5.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Changes in the Physical Environment

  Compare and contrast how changes in the physical environment can increase or diminish its capacity to support human activity. (H 3.12.2; H 4.12.2)

• 5.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Constraints of the Physical Environment

  Evaluate strategies to respond to constraints placed on human systems by the physical environment.

• 5.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Technology and the Physical Environment

  Describe the ways in which technology has affected the human capacity to modify the physical environment and evaluate the possible regional or global impact. (C 4.12.6; C 5.12.6)

• 5.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Human Modification

  Develop possible responses to changes caused by human modification of the physical environment. (C 4.12.6; C 5.12.6)

• 5.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Effects of Natural Hazards on Human Systems

  Analyze human perception of and response to natural hazards.

• 5.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Earth's Resources

  Analyze the patterns of use, the changing distribution, and the relative importance of Earth's resources. (C 5.12.6; H 3.12.3; H 4.12.2; H 4.12.5)

• 5.12.7 Strand / Indicator: Management of Earth's Resources

  Develop policies for the use and management of Earth's resources that consider the various interests involved. (C 4.12.6; C 5.12.6; E 9.12.3)

NV.6.0. Content Standard: Geography

Geographic Applications-Students apply geographic knowledge of people, places, and environments to interpret the past, understand the present, and plan for the future.

• 6.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Applying Geography in History

  Analyze the ways in which physical features and human characteristics of places and regions have influenced the evolution of significant historical events. (C 5.12.6; H 3.12.3; H 4.12.1; H 4.12.2; H 4.12.5)

• 6.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Applying Geography in Current Events

  Relate current events to the physical features and human characteristics of places and regions. (C 5.12.6)

• 6.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Applying Geography to Contemporary Issues

  Analyze a contemporary issue using geographic knowledge, skills, and perspectives. (C 5.12.6; E 4.12.4)

• 6.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Applying Geography to the Future

  Predict possible outcomes and develop future policies for local or regional issues that have spatial dimensions. (C 5.12.6)

NV.7.0. Content Standard: Geography

Geographic Skills: Students ask and answer geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing geographic information.

• 7.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Ask Geographic Questions

  Plan and organize a geographic research project by asking appropriate geographic questions.

• 7.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Acquire Geographic Information

  Locate and acquire a variety of primary and secondary information sources and assess the value of each. (E 11.12.2)

• 7.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Organize Geographic Information

  Use a variety of tools and technologies to select and design appropriate forms of maps, graphs, diagrams, tables, or charts to organize geographic information. (E 11.12.2)

• 7.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Analyze Geographic Information

  Use quantitative methods of analysis to make inferences and draw conclusions from maps and other geographic representations.

• 7.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Present Geographic Information

  Complete a geographic inquiry by applying geographic models, generalizations, and theories to the analysis, interpretation, and presentation of information. (E 10.12.2; H 1.12.2)

NV.1.0. Content Standard: Civics

Rules and Law: Students know why society needs rules, laws, and governments.

• 1.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Rules and Law

  Explain the concept of the rule of law in the establishment of the U.S. Constitution.

• 1.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Documents

  Explain the influence of social contract theory, natural rights philosophy and republicanism in the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the U.S. Constitution. (H 6.12.4; H 6.12.8; H 6.12.3; H 6.12.7)

• 1.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Documents

  Describe the historic influences on early U.S. documents, such as: Greek law, Magna Carta, Iroquois League. (H 6.12.4; H 6.12.7)

• 1.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Democratic Participation

  Analyze the role of citizen participation in U.S. civic life.

• 1.12.5 Strand / Indicator: The U.S. Constitution and Amendments

  Identify and explain changes in the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution.

NV.2.0. Content Standard: Civics

The U.S. Government: Students know the United States Constitution and the government it creates.

• 2.12.1 Strand / Indicator: The U.S. Constitution

  Examine the organization of the U.S. Constitution and describe the structure it creates, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. (H 6.12.4; H 6.12.7)

• 2.12.2 Strand / Indicator: The Legislative Structure and Process

  Describe the creation of laws through the legislative process.

• 2.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Legislative Powers

  Analyze and give examples of the expansion of the national government through the application of the enumerated and implied powers. (Ec 8.12.3; H 6.12.7)

• 2.12.4 Strand / Indicator: The Executive Branch

  Describe the duties of the executive branch, including: Cabinet/departments; regulatory commissions; White House staff

• 2.12.5 Strand / Indicator: The Judicial Branch

  Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and analyze the power of judicial review. (H 6.12.13)

• 2.12.6 Strand / Indicator: The Jury System

  Explain the importance of the jury process in a democratic society. (H 6.8.8)

• 2.12.7 Strand / Indicator: Checks and Balances

  Analyze the effectiveness of checks and balances in maintaining the equal division of power. (H 6.12.7)

NV.3.0. Content Standard: Civics

National and State Government: Students can explain the relationship between the states and national government.

• 3.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Division of Powers

  Explain the U.S. Constitutional provisions for division of powers between the state and national governments (delegated, reserved, concurrent powers). (H 6.12.7; H 6.12.8)

• 3.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Federalism

  Provide contemporary examples of federalism. (H 6.12.7)

• 3.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Constitutional Supremacy

  Use examples to illustrate the supremacy clause in defining the relationship between state and national governments. (H 6.12.7)

NV.4.0. Content Standard: Civics

The Political Process: Students describe the roles of political parties, interest groups, and public opinion in the democratic process.

• 4.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Leaders and Elections

  Assess the processes by which leaders are selected in the U.S. political system and analyze the role of the electoral college system in the election of the President.

• 4.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Political Parties

  Analyze the roles and function of factions within political parties and the role of parties in public policy and politics. (E 8.12.5; H 6.12.3)

• 4.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Interest Groups

  Evaluate the significance of interest groups in the political process of a democratic society. (Ec 8.12.5; G 4.12.2)

• 4.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Formation of Public Opinion

  Analyze the role that television and other media play in the process of political persuasion. (E 4.12.1; E 4.12.2; E 11.12.2; H 10.12.5)

• 4.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Propaganda

  Evaluate propaganda in both historic and current political communication (E 4.12.4; E 4.12.5; H 9.12.9)

• 4.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Public Policy

  Describe the process by which public policy is formed and carried out. (Ec 8.12.6; E 4.12.1; E 4.12.2; G 5.12.7)

NV.5.0. Content Standard: Civics

Citizenship: Students know the roles, rights, and responsibilities of United States citizens and the symbols of our country.

• 5.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Citizenship

  Examine the rights of citizens and how these rights may be restricted. (H 6.12.13; H 7.12.2; H 7.12.3; H 7.12.13; H 8.12.9; H 9.12. 8)

• 5.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Citizenship

  Examine the responsibilities of U.S. citizens.

• 5.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Symbols

  Explain symbols and documents of a nation and how they represent its identity.

• 5.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Individual Rights

  Describe the development of the Bill of Rights and provide a contemporary application. (H 6.12.8)

• 5.12.5 Strand / Indicator: Individual Rights

  Analyze the United States Constitution and its amendments in protecting individual rights, including the Fourteenth Amendment's provisions for due process and equal protection. (H 7.8.1)

• 5.12.6 Strand / Indicator: Conflict and Resolution

  Identify major conflicts in social, political, and economic life and analyze the role of compromise in the resolution of these issues. (G 4.12.9; G 6.12.2; H 8.12.7; H 9.12.1; H 9.12.8)

• 5.12.7 Strand / Indicator: The Supreme Court and Individual Rights Cases

  Describe the role of the United States Supreme Court as guardian of individual rights through the examination of landmark cases, including: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka; Gideon v. Wainwright; Miranda v. Arizona; Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (H 9.12.8)

NV.6.0. Content Standard: Civics

State and Local Government: Students know the structure and functions of state and local governments.

• 6.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Structure of State, Local, and Tribal Government

  Explain the structure and function of state and local governments.

• 6.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Structure of State, Local, and Tribal Government

  Describe the unique role of tribal governments within the United States. (H 7.12.3)

• 6.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Structure of State, Local, and Tribal Government

  Compare and contrast the structure of the Nevada and United States Constitutions.

• 6.12.4 Strand / Indicator: Court Systems

  Describe the differences between the local, state, and federal court systems.

NV.7.0. Content Standard: Civics

Political and Economic Systems: Students explain the different political and economic systems in the world.

• 7.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Comparative Political Systems

  Summarize and evaluate the significant characteristics of the world's major political systems, including: monarchy; totalitarian dictatorship; presidential system; parliamentary system ; communism (H 5.12.2; H 7.12.17; H 7.12.18; H 8.8.1)

• 7.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Comparative Economic Systems

  Define and analyze the major economic systems of the world, including: capitalism; mixed economy; socialism; command economy (Ec 9.12.3; H 6.12.12)

NV.8.0. Content Standard: Civics

International Relations: Students know the political and economic relationship of the United States and its citizens to other nations.

• 8.12.1 Strand / Indicator: From Individual to the World

  Analyze the conflict between U.S. policies of isolationism versus intervention in world affairs. (H 7.12.14; H 8.12.7; H 9.12.1)

• 8.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Foreign Policy

  Identify and analyze the effectiveness of U.S. foreign policy in dealing with international problems and concerns including: diplomacy; economic policy; humanitarian aid; military intervention

• 8.12.3 Strand / Indicator: International Organizations

  Critique the role of international organizations, such as the United Nations and non-governmental organizations, in world affairs. (H 8.12.7)

NV.1.0. Content Standard: History

Chronology: Students use chronology to organize and understand the sequence and relationship of events.

• 1.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Current Events

  Analyze and develop a position on a current event. (E 10.12.4)

• 1.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Chronology

  Explain the sequence and relationship of events on a tiered time line. (G 7.12.5)

NV.2.0. Content Standard: History

History Skills: Students will use social studies vocabulary and concepts to engage in inquiry, in research, in analysis, and in decision making.

• 2.12.1 Strand / Indicator: Inquiry

  Frame and evaluate historical questions from multiple viewpoints. (E 4.12.3; E 11.12.1)

• 2.12.2 Strand / Indicator: Research and Analysis

  Integrate, analyze, and organize historical information from a variety of sources. (E 4.12.3; E 4.12.5; E 11.12.2; E 11.12.5)

• 2.12.3 Strand / Indicator: Informational Tools

  Analyze and interpret historical content from informational tools, including: charts; diagrams; graphs; maps; political cartoons; photographs; tables. (G 1.12.1; G 1.12.2; G 1.12.3; G 1.12.4 )

NV.3.0. Content Standard: History

Prehistory to 400 CE: Students understand the development of human societies, civilizations, and empires through 400 CE.

• 3.12.1 Strand / Indicator: World, United States, and Nevada

  Identify and describe the characteristics of pre-agricultural societies.

• 3.12.2 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe technological innovations of early agricultural societies, including: development of agriculture; domestication of animals; development of permanent communities.

• 3.12.3 Strand / Indicator: World

  Explain and demonstrate how geography influenced the political, social, and economic growth of ancient classical civilizations, including: Africa; China; Greece; India; Mesopotamia; Rome. (G 2.12.1; G 2.12.5; G 2.12.6; G 4.12.3; G 5.12.1; G 6.12.1)

• 3.12.4 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe the unique political, economic, religious, social, technological, and cultural contributions of ancient and classical civilizations, including: Africa; the Americas; China; Greece; Hebrew kingdoms; India; Mesopotamia; Phoenicia; Rome. (C 1.12.3; G 2.12.4; G 2.12.5)

NV.4.0. Content Standard: History

1 CE to 1400: Students understand the characteristics, ideas, and significance of civilizations and religions from 1 CE to 1400.

• 4.12.1 Strand / Indicator: World

  Locate and describe civilizations in terms of geography, social structure, religion, political systems, and contributions, including: African; Byzantine; Chinese; Indian; Japanese; Scandinavian. (G 2.12.1; G 2.12.5; G 6.12.1)

• 4.12.2 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe the characteristics of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations, including: contributions; geography; political systems; religion; social structure. (G 2.12.1; G 2.12.2; G 2.12.5; G 5.12.1; G 5.12.6; G 6.12.1)

• 4.12.3 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe the origin, traditions, customs, and spread of western and eastern world religions, including: Buddhism; Christianity; Hinduism; Islam; Judaism.

• 4.12.4 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe the characteristics of European feudalism.

• 4.12.5 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe the rise of commercial trading centers and their effects on social, political, and economic institutions. (G 2.12.1; G 4.12.3; G 6.12.1)

NV.5.0. Content Standard: History

1200 to 1750: Students understand the impact of the interaction of peoples, cultures, and ideas from 1200 to 1750.

• 5.12.1 Strand / Indicator: World

  Examine the impact of technological, mathematical, cultural, and artistic developments of the Renaissance.

• 5.12.2 Strand / Indicator: World

  Explain the development of European hereditary monarchies and their effects on: centralized government; commerce and trade; religion. (C 7.12.1)

• 5.12.3 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Explain the causes of the Reformation and its effects in Europe and the Americas.

• 5.12.4 Strand / Indicator: World

  Identify the influence of the Enlightenment on the Western World, including: fine arts; government; literature; philosophy; science. (G 2.5.3; G 2.5.6; G 4.5.8)

• 5.12.6 Strand / Indicator: United States and Nevada

  Compare common elements of Native North American societies, including: Communication; economic systems; housing; political systems; social systems; traditions.

• 5.12.7 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Examine the roles of nationalism, economics, and religious rivalries in the Age of Exploration.

• 5.12.8 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Analyze interactions among Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans.

• 5.12.9 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Analyze how the interactions among Native Americans, Africans, Europeans, and their descendants resulted in unique American economic, social, and political institutions.

• 5.12.10 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the similarities and differences of European colonial communities in North America in terms of politics, religion, language, economics, and social customs.

• 5.12.11 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Compare and contrast life in the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies.

• 5.12.12 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Explain the impact of world commerce, including the African slave trade on Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

• 5.12.13 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe the contributions and social, political, and economic characteristics of African, Chinese, Indian, and Japanese civilizations.

• 5.12.14 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe how Islamic empires were a link between Africa, Europe, and Asia.

NV.6.0. Content Standard: History

1700 to 1865: Students understand the people, events, ideas, and conflicts that led to the creation of new nations and distinctive cultures.

• 6.12.1 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Explain the causes and results of the Industrial Revolution. (Ec 6.12.3; Ec 6.12.5; Ec 7.12.1; Ec 7.12.2; Ec 7.12.4; Ec 7.12.5)

• 6.12.2 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the causes and effects of wars with Europeans, including the French and Indian War.

• 6.12.3 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Explain the political and economic causes and effects of the American Revolution. (C 1.12.2)

• 6.12.4 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the ideas of John Locke, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson and their influences on the American Revolution and the formation of the United States.

• 6.12.5 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the events, course, and results of the American Revolutionary War, including the contributions of African Americans and Native Americans.

• 6.12.6 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Explain the issues of the Confederation period, including: war debts and finance; western land; trade; taxation. (Ec 6.12.1)

• 6.12.7 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the Constitution's underlying principles, including: checks and balances; federalism; limited government; popular sovereignty; separation of powers. (C 1.12.1; C 1.12.2; C 1.12.3; C 2.12.1; C 2.12.3; C 3.12.1; C 3.12.2; C 3.12 3)

• 6.12.8 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the issues involved in the ratification of the Constitution, including: main ideas of The Federalist Papers; main ideas of the Anti-Federalists; the Bill of Rights. (C 1.12.2; C 3.12.1; C 5.12.4)

• 6.12.9 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the influence of the American Revolution on Europe and the Americas.

• 6.12.10 Strand / Indicator: World

  Discuss the political events, people, and ideas that influenced European politics, including: Napoleon; Metternich; Marx; Congress of Vienna. (Ec 8.12.3)

• 6.12.11 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe achievements in European fine arts and literature. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

• 6.12.12 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the rise of national economies, the emergence of capitalism, and the free market economy. (C 7.12.2; Ec 6.12.1; Ec 6.12.2 Ec 7.12.3; Ec 9.12.1;Ec 9.12.3)

• 6.12.13 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Explain issues, events, and the roles of key people related to the development of United States political institutions, including: Washington's administration: The Marshall Court; judicial review; extension of suffrage; political parties. (C 2.12.5; C 4.12.2; C 5.12.1)

• 6.12.14 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Explain issues, events, and the roles of key individuals associated with the development of a national economic identity and foreign policy, including: development of the factory system and impacts of significant inventions such as the cotton gin and interchangeable parts; territorial, trade, & shipping issues with Great Britain; War of 1812; the creation of a national transportation system; Monroe Doctrine; growth and impact of immigration. (Ec 6.12.3; Ec 9.12.1; Ec 9.12.2; Ec 9.12.3)

• 6.12.15 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the social reform and religious movements of antebellum United States which attempted to enhance life, including: education reform; prison and mental health reform; religious revival; Utopian movement; women's rights.

• 6.12.16 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the contributions in language, literature, art, and music that led to the development of an emerging culture in the United States, including: Stephen Foster; Nathaniel Hawthorne; Hudson River School of Art; Henry David Thoreau.

• 6.12.17 Strand / Indicator: United States and Nevada

  Explain the issue of Manifest Destiny and the events related to the expansion of the United States, including: Louisiana Purchase; removal of the Eastern tribes; Oregon and California Trails; Mexican War and Mexican War acquisitions; California Gold Rush; Homestead Act. (G 2.12.5; G 4.12.3)

• 6.12.20 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Explain abolitionism and describe the importance of abolitionists and slave revolts, including: John Brown; Frederick Douglass; William Lloyd Garrison; Harriet Beecher Stowe; Nat Turner.

• 6.12.21 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the causes, key people, events, and outcome of the Civil War, including: states' rights and slavery; election of 1860; Frederick Douglass/ African American troops; President Lincoln; Emancipation Proclamation; Antietam, Vicksburg and Gettysburg; Gettysburg Address; Generals Grant and Lee.

NV.7.0. Content Standard: History

1860 to 1920: Students understand the importance and impact of political, economic, and social ideas.

• 7.12.1 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Summarize the successes and failures of the Reconstruction period.

• 7.12.2 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the key people and significant issues concerning African American rights, including: Booker T. Washington & the Tuskegee Institute; Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws; Plessy v. Ferguson; W.E.B. DuBois and the NAACP; Ida B. Wells and the NACW. (C 5.12.1)

• 7.12.3 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe federal policy toward Native Americans including: Dawes Act/Indian Reorganization Act of 1934; Indian Boarding Schools; Indian Citizenship Act of 1924; Plains Wars; reservation system. (C 5.12.1; C 6.12.2)

• 7.12.5 Strand / Indicator: United States and Nevada

  Describe the role of farming, railroads, mining in the settlement of the West. (Ec 6.12.3)

• 7.12.6 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the causes, issues, and effects of the Populist Movement.

• 7.12.7 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the effect of industrial technology innovations and urbanization on United States social and economic development. (Ec 6.12.3; Ec 6.12.6; Ec 7.12.1)

• 7.12.8 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the development of corporate capitalism, including: J.P. Morgan; mass production; vertical and horizontal integration/consolidation. (Ec 1.12.2; Ec 4.12.2; Ec 4.12.3; Ec 6.12.2; Ec 7.12.2)

• 7.12.9 Strand / Indicator: Nevada and United States

  Examine the motivations for groups coming to the United States and describe their contributions to United States society.

• 7.12.10 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe nativism and explain the response to immigration into the United States. (C 5.12.6)

• 7.12.11 Strand / Indicator: United States and Nevada

  Explain the origins and issues involved in the labor movement. (Ec 1.12.4; Ec 4.12.2; Ec 6.12.5)

• 7.12.12 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the development and impact of the Progressive Movement, including: government reform; Prohibition; 'trust busting'.

• 7.12.13 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the development of the women's suffrage movement and the passage of the 19th Amendment. (C 5.12.1)

• 7.12.14 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Discuss the causes, characteristics, and consequences of United States expansion and diplomacy, including: Alaska; Hawaii; Open Door Policy; Spanish-American War; Panama Canal; T. Roosevelt's foreign policy; Dollar Diplomacy.

• 7.12.15 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Explain the causes and effects of the Mexican Revolution of 1911.

• 7.12.16 Strand / Indicator: World

  Discuss the causes, characteristics, and consequences of European and Japanese expansion.

• 7.12.17 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the causes, course, character, and effects of World War I, including: imperialism; arms race and alliances; nationalism; weapons/tactics; Fourteen Points; Treaty of Versailles.

• 7.12.18 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution: Romanovs; Lenin; Bolsheviks; Russian Civil War. (C 7.12.1)

• 7.12.20 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Explain how fine arts, literature, and leisure activities were a reflection of the time. (E3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

NV.8.0. Content Standard: History

The Twentieth Century, a Changing World: 1920 to 1945: Students understand the importance and effect of political, economic, technological, and social changes in the world from 1920 to 1945.

• 8.12.1 Strand / Indicator: World

  Describe the rise of totalitarian societies in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. (C 7.12.1)

• 8.12.2 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Discuss the effects on society of new technologies of this era, including: communication; transportation; manufacturing. (Ec 6.12.3)

• 8.12.3 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Examine social tensions in the postwar era, including: radical politics; immigration restrictions; religious fundamentalism; racism.

• 8.12.4 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe how cultural developments in the arts, education, media, and leisure activities reflected and changed United States society. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

• 8.12.5 Strand / Indicator: United States and Nevada

  Describe the causes of the Great Depression and the policies and programs of the New Deal and their effects on social, political, economic, and diplomatic institutions.

• 8.12.6 Strand / Indicator: World, United States, and Nevada

  Describe the causes, course, character, and effects of World War II, including: legacy of WWI; campaigns and strategies; atomic bomb; significant military, political, and scientific leaders; the Big Four; United Nations; U.S. changing world status; war crimes trials. (Ec 2.12.3; Ec 2.12.6; Ec 2.12.7; Ec 6.12.5; Ec 7.12.1; Ec 7.12.3; Ec 8.12.1; Ec 8.12.3; Ec 8.12.6)

• 8.12.7 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the causes, course, and effects of the Holocaust, including: 'Aryan supremacy', Nuremburg Laws; Kristallnacht; 'Final Solution'; concentration and death camps; creation of Israel. (C 8.12.1; C 8.12.3)

• 8.12.8 Strand / Indicator: United States and Nevada

  Analyze the effects of WWII on the homefront in the United States, including: internment camps; technologies; economic developments; propaganda; women/minority contributions; GI Bill. (C 5.12; C 5.12.1; Ec 6.12.5; Ec 8.12.6; Ec 6.12.5; Ec 8.12.6)

NV.9.0. Content Standard: History

The Twentieth Century, a Changing World: 1945 to 1990: Students understand the shift of international relationships and power as well as the significant developments in American culture.

• 9.12.1 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the causes and effects of the Cold War, including: Europe: Marshall Plan, Berlin, NATO; Middle East: Egypt, Israel, Afghanistan; Asia: Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam; Americas: Cuba, United States. (C 8.12.1)

• 9.12.2 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the effects of the Cold War on the United States, including: arms race and nuclear testing; McCarthyism; space race; Cuban Missile Crisis. (C 8.12.1)

• 9.12.3 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the cause, course, and character of the Korean War, including: United Nations Security Council; Pusan Perimeter; General MacArthur; Inchon; Yalu River; 38th Parallel.

• 9.12.4 Strand / Indicator: World

  Explain how and why African and Asian peoples achieved independence from colonial rule.

• 9.12.5 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Analyze how postwar science and technology augmented United States economic strength, transformed daily life, and influenced the world economy and politics. (Ec 6.12.3; Ec 7.12.2; Ec 7.12.5)

• 9.12.6 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the causes and effects of changing demographics and developing suburbanization in the United States. (Ec 6.12.5)

• 9.12.8 Strand / Indicator: World, United States, and Nevada

  Describe the major issues, events, and key people of the Civil Rights and minority rights movements, including: Black Power Movement; United Farm Workers; American Indian Movement; Viva La Raza; Women's Rights Movement; Americans with Disabilities Act; Civil Rights Act of 1964. (C 5.12.1; C 5.12.6; C 5.12.7)

• 9.12.9 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the causes, course, character, and effects of the Vietnam war, including: Ho Chi Minh; Dien Bien Phu; Ngo Dinh Diem; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; draft and lottery; Tet Offensive; anti-war movement; Paris Peace Accord; POWs and MIAs; Imperialism. (C 4.12.5)

• 9.12.10 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the changes in United States political culture, including: the role of the media; the role of women and minorities; Watergate; Iranian hostage crisis; Iran-contra affair; Grenada and Panama.

• 9.12.11 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe how international policies contributed to the end of the Cold War, including: recognition of China; detente; disarmament treaties; 'Star Wars' (SDI); solidarity. (C 5.12.6)

• 9.12.12 Strand / Indicator: United States and World

  Describe the geopolitical changes in the world due to the disintegration of the USSR.

• 9.12.14 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Summarize the influence of art, music, literature, and the media on United States society. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

NV.10.0. Content Standard: History

New Challenges, 1990 to the Present: Students understand the political, economic, social, and technological issues challenging the world as it approaches and enters the new millennium.

• 10.12.1 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Identify and explain the implications of scientific and technological achievements, including: personal computers; Internet; Satellites; Biotechnology.

• 10.12.2 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Describe the regional and global effects of political and economic alliances. (Ec 9.12.1; Ec 9.12.2)

• 10.12.3 Strand / Indicator: World, United States, and Nevada

  Describe how global issues affect nations differently, including: human rights; the environment; world and U.S. regional conflicts; medical concerns.

• 10.12.4 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Explain the causes and effects of the Persian Gulf War, including: Kuwait invasion; world oil supply; changing alliances.

• 10.12.5 Strand / Indicator: United States

  Describe the changing political climate in the United States, including: the role of the media; the Clinton impeachment.

• 10.12.6 Strand / Indicator: World and United States

  Explain how literature, music, and the visual arts are reflections of the time. (E 3.12.1; E 3.12.2; E 3.12.3)

NE.12.2. Content Standard: World History

• 12.2.1. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will demonstrate an understanding of the state of the world about 1000 C.E.

  • 12.2.1.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Summarize the institution of feudalism in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

  • 12.2.1.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Summarize the growth of trade between civilizations, e.g., silk trade, gold and salt trade.

  • 12.2.1.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the location and leadership of major kingdoms in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America

  • 12.2.1.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the location and culture of the Byzantine and Muslim empires.

  • 12.2.1.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Summarize the role of religion in a civilization, e.g., the Roman Catholic Church, Buddhism, Islam, and animism.

  • 12.2.1.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the conflict between religions, e.g., Crusades and the Great Schism.

  • 12.2.1.7. Gle / Indicator:

    Summarize the technological advances in Asia and Latin America, e.g., calendars and metallurgy.

• 12.2.2. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the patterns of social, economic, political change, and cultural achievement in the late Medieval period.

  • 12.2.2.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the emergence and distinctive political developments of nation-states, e.g., Spain, France, England, and Russia.

  • 12.2.2.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the conflicts among Eurasian powers, e.g., the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, and the expansion of the Ottoman Turks.

  • 12.2.2.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the patterns of crisis and recovery, e.g., the Black Death.

  • 12.2.2.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the preservation of Greek and Roman philosophy, medicine, and science.

• 12.2.3. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the historical developments of the Renaissance.

  • 12.2.3.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the economic foundations of the Renaissance, such as European interaction with Muslims, increased trade, role of the Medici's, and new economic practices.

  • 12.2.3.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the rise of Italian city-states.

  • 12.2.3.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare the artistic, literary, and intellectual creativity, e.g., Leonardo DaVinci, Michelangelo, and Shakespeare, as contrasted with the Medieval period.

  • 12.2.3.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the Machiavell's theory of government as described in The Prince.

  • 12.2.3.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the differences between the Italian and the Northern Renaissance.

• 12.2.4. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the historical developments of the Reformation.

  • 12.2.4.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the influence of religious conflicts on government actions, such as the Edict of Nantes in France.

  • 12.2.4.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the evolution of laws that reflect religious beliefs, cultural values, traditions, and philosophies, e.g., the beginnings of religious toleration and the growth of democracy.

• 12.2.5. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the impact of European expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia.

  • 12.2.5.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the roles and motivations of explorers/conquistadors.

  • 12.2.5.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the migration, settlement patterns, and cultural diffusion.

  • 12.2.5.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the exchange of technology, ideas, and agricultural practices.

  • 12.2.5.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the trade in slaves, tobacco, rum, furs, and gold.

  • 12.2.5.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Relate the introduction of new diseases.

  • 12.2.5.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the influence of Christianity.

  • 12.2.5.7. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the economic and cultural transformations created by the emergence of plant-like tobacco and corn in new places and the arrival of the horse in the Americas.

  • 12.2.5.8. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the competition for resources and the rise of the Commercial Revolution and mercantilism.

  • 12.2.5.9. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the cultural changes in indigenous societies.

• 12.2.6. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will compare and contrast Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Confucianism.

  • 12.2.6.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare and contrast major leaders and events.

  • 12.2.6.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare and contrast sacred writings.

  • 12.2.6.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare and contrast traditions, customs, and beliefs.

  • 12.2.6.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain monotheistic versus polytheistic views.

  • 12.2.6.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss geographic distribution at different times.

  • 12.2.6.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare and contrast political, social, and economic influences of each.

  • 12.2.6.7. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the long-standing religious conflicts and recent manifestations in places, e.g., Ireland, Middle East, and Bosnia.

• 12.2.7. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the scientific, political, and economic changes of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.

  • 12.2.7.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the impact of scientific ideas on political institutions, social movements, and religion.

  • 12.2.7.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the establishment of absolute monarchies by individuals, e.g., Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, and Peter the Great.

  • 12.2.7.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution in England and the French Revolution.

  • 12.2.7.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the ideas of significant people, such as Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Jefferson.

  • 12.2.7.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the new scientific theories, e.g., those of Newton, Kepler, Copernicus, Galileo, Harvey, and Franklin.

  • 12.2.7.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss how technological changes brought about social, political, and cultural changes in Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

  • 12.2.7.7. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how the arts, philosophy, and literature were influenced by people, such as Voltaire, Diderot, Delacroix, Bach, and Mozart.

  • 12.2.7.8. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the influence of religious beliefs on art, politics, science, and commerce.

• 12.2.8. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will describe 19th century political developments in Europe, and their impact on the world.

  • 12.2.8.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Summarize the Congress of Vienna and its influence on the political geography of Europe.

  • 12.2.8.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the attempts at expansion of democracy in Europe, e.g., Chartist Movement, British Reform Laws, and liberal revolutions.

  • 12.2.8.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Relate the growth of nationalism, e.g., unification of Germany and Italy.

  • 12.2.8.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the scramble for empire in Europe, Africa, and Asia Latin America.

  • 12.2.8.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Address the feminist issues, e.g., divorce, property, and suffrage.

  • 12.2.8.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Outline the abolition of slavery and slave trade.

• 12.2.9. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze and explain the effects of the Industrial Revolution.

  • 12.2.9.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the rise of industrial economics and their link to imperialism and colonialism.

  • 12.2.9.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how scientific and technological changes, e.g., the inventions of Watt, Bessemer, and Whitney, brought about massive social and cultural change.

  • 12.2.9.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Outline the responses to capitalism, e.g., utopianism, socialism, and communism.

  • 12.2.9.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Relate how the status of women and children reflected societal changes.

  • 12.2.9.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the evolution of work and labor, e.g., the slave trade, mining and manufacturing, and the union movement.

  • 12.2.9.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how Asia and Africa were transformed by European commercial power.

  • 12.2.9.7. Gle / Indicator:

    Summarize the dominance of global economic systems by European powers.

• 12.2.10. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze major 20th century historical events.

  • 12.2.10.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Relate ethnic conflicts, e.g., Bosnia, Arab-Israeli conflict, Biafra and Rwanda, Northern Ireland and Kashmir, and Zapatistas and Mexico.

  • 12.2.10.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare trends in global populations, growth and distribution over time.

  • 12.2.10.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Differentiate the development of collective security organizations, e.g., League of Nations, the United Nations, NATO, and Warsaw Pact.

  • 12.2.10.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Differentiate the development of world economic associations, e.g., E.C., NAFTA, WTO, World Bank, IMF.

  • 12.2.10.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the extension of human rights, e.g., women and all nationalities.

  • 12.2.10.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare the causes and effects of World War I and World War II.

  • 12.2.10.7. Gle / Indicator:

    Summarize the Russian Revolution.

  • 12.2.10.8. Gle / Indicator:

    Relate the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan.

  • 12.2.10.9. Gle / Indicator:

    Summarize the political, social, and economic impact of the 1930's worldwide depression.

  • 12.2.10.10 Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the Nazi Holocaust and other examples of genocide.

  • 12.2.10.11 Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how new technologies, e.g., atomic power, influenced patterns of conflict.

  • 12.2.10.12 Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the economic and military power shifts since 1945, e.g., the rise of Germany and Japan as economic powers.

  • 12.2.10.13 Gle / Indicator:

    Relate the revolutionary movements in Asia and its leaders, e.g., Mao Tse-tung and Ho Chi Minh.

  • 12.2.10.14 Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how African and Asian countries achieved independence from European colonial rule, e.g., India under Gandhi and Kenya under Kenyatta, and how they have fared under self-rule.

  • 12.2.10.15 Gle / Indicator:

    Describe regional and political conflicts, e.g., Korea and Vietnam.

  • 12.2.10.16 Gle / Indicator:

    Summarize the end of the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

• 12.2.11. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will demonstrate historical research and geographical skills.

  • 12.2.11.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources and artifacts.

  • 12.2.11.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Validate sources as to their authenticity, authority, credibility, and possible bias.

  • 12.2.11.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Construct various time lines of key events, periods, and personalities since the 11th century.

  • 12.2.11.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify and analyze major shifts in national political boundaries in Europe since 1815.

  • 12.2.11.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify the distribution of major religious cultures in the contemporary world.

  • 12.2.11.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Apply geography to interpret the past by using maps of time, place events to put together the shifts in boundaries and culture/religious groups through time.

NE.12.3. Content Standard: The Governments and Economies of the United States and Nebraska

• 12.3.1. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will compare historical forms of democratic governments that influenced the United States Constitution of 1789.

  • 12.3.1.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe forms of democracy that existed in ancient Greece and Rome.

  • 12.3.1.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the constitutional monarchy in Great Britain.

  • 12.3.1.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe governments in early American colonies.

  • 12.3.1.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe governments in early United States in the 18th century.

• 12.3.2. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will identify examples of fundamental United States political principles contained in the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Federalist Papers, Common Sense, and the United States Constitution.

  • 12.3.2.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Examine Locke, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Blackstone, Jefferson, Paine, and Machiavelli's theory of government as described in The Prince.

  • 12.3.2.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe constitutionalism, limited government, rule of law, republicanism, and democracy.

  • 12.3.2.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify how the political ideas of the Enlightenment and the ideas of religion affected the founders of the United States.

  • 12.3.2.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Define sovereignty and consent of the governed.

  • 12.3.2.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe separation of powers, federalism, and checks and balance.

  • 12.3.2.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare the Declaration of Independence and 'Common Sense.'

• 12.3.3. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the significance of amendments to the United States Constitution.

  • 12.3.3.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify factors, e.g., the conflicts they addressed and the reasons for their adoption.

  • 12.3.3.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Analyze fundamental liberties, rights, and values outlined by the United States Constitution.

  • 12.3.3.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify various factors addressed by the constitution, e.g., religion, speech, press, assembly and petition, due process, equality under the law, individual worth and dignity, and majority rule and minority rights.

• 12.3.4. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will evaluate and summarize landmark Supreme Court interpretations of the United States Constitution and its amendments.

  • 12.3.4.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe how Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland affected the Constitution.

  • 12.3.4.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Examine federal civil and voting rights since 1950's, e.g., Brown v. Board of Education, demonstrations leading to desegregation, reapportionment, and voting rights legislation.

  • 12.3.4.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain current patterns and evaluate the impact of Supreme Court decisions on domestic policy issues.

• 12.3.5. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the fundamental concepts and challenges to democracy by using writing, discussion, and debate skills.

  • 12.3.5.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain equality of all citizens under the law.

  • 12.3.5.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Examine worth and dignity of the individual.

  • 12.3.5.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Debate majority rule and minority rights.

  • 12.3.5.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify individual freedoms.

  • 12.3.5.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the necessity of compromise.

  • 12.3.5.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Analyze individual rights v. public interests.

• 12.3.6. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the structure, and function of the United States national governments and its relationship to state governments.

  • 12.3.6.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the organization, and authority of each branch.

  • 12.3.6.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Examine the principles of federalism, e.g., concurrent, delegated, and reserved powers.

  • 12.3.6.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Examine separation of powers, and checks and balances.

  • 12.3.6.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain procedures for constitutional amendment, e.g., Article IV.

  • 12.3.6.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify specific policies related to foreign affairs, civil rights, and economics and the budget.

  • 12.3.6.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify how political parties, interest groups, the media, individuals, and government institutions influence public policy.

  • 12.3.6.7. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe levels of taxation and the expectation of public services.

• 12.3.7. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze structure and function of Nebraska state and local governments.

  • 12.3.7.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the organization and authority of each branch.

  • 12.3.7.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain procedures for state constitutional and local charter amendments.

  • 12.3.7.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how Nebraska's legislative, executive, and judicial institutions make public policy, e.g., legislation, regulations, executive orders, and judicial review.

  • 12.3.7.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare Nebraska's unicameral with a bicameral form of government.

  • 12.3.7.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify and distinguish units of local governments in Nebraska, e.g., counties, cities, towns, and regional authorities by analyzing a local public issue.

  • 12.3.7.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify fundamental American political principles in Nebraska constitution, fundamental liberties, rights, and values, e.g., sovereignty, consent of the governed, separation of powers, federalism, and checks and balance.

  • 12.3.7.7. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify how political parties, interest groups, the media, individuals, and government institutions influence public policy.

  • 12.3.7.8. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe levels of taxation and the expectation of public services.

• 12.3.8. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will describe and explain the election process in the national, state, and local governments.

  • 12.3.8.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the organization of political parties and role in the nominating process.

  • 12.3.8.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain campaign funding and spending.

  • 12.3.8.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify the influence of media coverage, campaign advertising, public opinion polls, and the use of propaganda techniques.

  • 12.3.8.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain demographic causes and political effects of reapportionment and redistricting, e.g., gerrymandering.

  • 12.3.8.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe voter turnout and constituencies of the major political parties

  • 12.3.8.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the development of political parties and Electoral College.

• 12.3.9. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will explain the rights, freedoms, responsibilities, and benefits of citizenship in the United States.

  • 12.3.9.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Participate in debates, discussions, and readings by analyzing public issues, communicating with candidates, and evaluating performance of public officials and candidates.

• 12.3.10. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will compare the United States political and economic systems with those of major democratic and authoritarian nations.

  • 12.3.10.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare the structures, functions, and powers of political and economic systems.

  • 12.3.10.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the rights, responsibilities, and powers of the governed, e.g., grass roots citizens' movements.

  • 12.3.10.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare the relationship between economic and political freedom.

  • 12.3.10.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the allocation of resources and its impact on productivity.

  • 12.3.10.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the development and implementation of personal economic decision-making skills in a democratic society.

• 12.3.11. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze characteristics of the United States free market economy.

  • 12.3.11.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Define labor, capital resources, and natural resources.

  • 12.3.11.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the role of private ownership, private enterprise, profits, and entrepreneurship.

  • 12.3.11.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare the relationship between households, firms, and government.

  • 12.3.11.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the labor and management relationships.

  • 12.3.11.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss opportunity costs, scarcity, and balancing unlimited wants versus limited resources.

  • 12.3.11.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain supply and demand, and the formation of basic economic questions, including what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce.

• 12.3.12. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the role of the national, state, and local government in the United States economy.

  • 12.3.12.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare interstate commerce and trade policies.

  • 12.3.12.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss promoting economic growth by providing favorable conditions for markets.

  • 12.3.12.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Compare providing public goods, services, and protection of the environment.

  • 12.3.12.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the interrelationship of producers, consumers, and government in the United States economic system.

  • 12.3.12.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss the impact of fiscal and monetary policy.

  • 12.3.12.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify the basic economic goals in a free market system, including growth, stability, full employment, and efficiency versus equity and justice.

• 12.3.13. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will examine the basic economic indicators and fundamentals of international trade.

  • 12.3.13.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Define Gross Domestic Product

  • 12.3.13.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Define Consumer Price Index, employment statistics, and other measure of economic conditions.

  • 12.3.13.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain comparative and absolute advantage.

  • 12.3.13.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Discuss exchange rates.

  • 12.3.13.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain international trade policies, and the United States relationship to the global economy.

NE.12.4. Content Standard: World Geography

• 12.4.1. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will demonstrate geographical skills.

  • 12.4.1.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Recognize the different map projections and explain the effects of distortion.

  • 12.4.1.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Show how maps reflect particular historical and political perspectives.

  • 12.4.1.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Apply the concepts of scale, orientation, and latitude and longitude.

  • 12.4.1.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Create and compare political, physical, and thematic maps of countries and regions.

• 12.4.2. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze how selected physical and ecological processes impact the earth's surface.

  • 12.4.2.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify natural hazards describe the characteristics, explain their impact on physical and human systems, and assess efforts to manage their consequences in developed and less developed regions.

  • 12.4.2.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Identify regional climatic patterns and weather phenomena, relating them to events in the contemporary world.

  • 12.4.2.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how humans influence and are influenced by the environment.

  • 12.4.2.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Relate how people's ideas and relationship to the environment change over time, particularly in response to new technologies.

• 12.4.3. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will compare and contrast the distribution, growth rates, and characteristics of human population, e.g., settlement patterns and the location of natural and human resources.

  • 12.4.3.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Analyze past and present migration trends.

  • 12.4.3.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Analyze the social, economic, political, and environmental factors that influence cultural interaction.

  • 12.4.3.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Analyze past and present trends in human migration and cultural interaction as they are influenced by social, economic, political, and environmental factors.

• 12.4.4. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the patterns of urban development, such as site and situation; the function of towns and cities; and problems related to human mobility, social structure, and the environment.

• 12.4.5. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the regional development of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, and the Caribbean, such as physical, economic, and cultural characteristics and historical evolution from 1000 A.D. to the present.

  • 12.4.5.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Analyze the patterns and networks of economic interdependence, e.g., formation of multinational economic unions; international trade; the theory of competitive advantage; job specialization; competition for resources; and access to labor, technology, transportation, and communications.

  • 12.4.5.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Locate and identify by name the major countries in each region, the world's major rivers, mountain ranges, and surrounding bodies of water.

  • 12.4.5.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Classify and describe the spatial distribution of major economic systems and evaluate their relative merits in terms of productivity and the social and economic well being of workers.

  • 12.4.5.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how geographic regions change over time.

  • 12.4.5.5. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how characteristics of regions have led to regional labels.

  • 12.4.5.6. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how regional landscapes reflect the cultural characteristics of their inhabitants as well as historical events.

  • 12.4.5.7. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain how technological advances have led to increasing interaction among regions.

  • 12.4.5.8. Gle / Indicator:

    Distinguish between developed and developing countries, identifying and relating the level of economic development to the quality of life.

  • 12.4.5.9. Gle / Indicator:

    Analyze how certain cultural characteristics can link or divide regions, e.g., language, ethnic heritage, religion, political philosophy, shared history, and social and economic systems.

• 12.4.6. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will analyze the forces of conflict and cooperation.

  • 12.4.6.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the way in which the world is divided among independent and dependent countries.

  • 12.4.6.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe disputes over borders, resources, and settlement areas.

  • 12.4.6.3. Gle / Indicator:

    Describe the historic and future ability of nations to survive and prosper.

  • 12.4.6.4. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the role of multinational organizations.

• 12.4.7. Indicator / Skill:

  By the end of twelfth grade, students will apply geography to interpret the past, understand the present, and plan the future.

  • 12.4.7.1. Gle / Indicator:

    Explain the historical migration of people, expansion and disintegration of empires, and the growth of economic systems by using a variety of maps, charts, and documents.

  • 12.4.7.2. Gle / Indicator:

    Relate current events to the physical and human characteristics of places and regions.

MT.2. Content Standard: Students analyze how people create and change structures of power, authority, and governance to understand the operation of government and to demonstrate civic responsibility.

• 2.1. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze the historical and contemporary purpose of government and how the powers of government are acquired, modified, justified and used (e.g., checks and balances, Bill of Rights, court decisions).

• 2.2. Benchmark:

  Students will compare and contrast various world political systems (e.g., ideologies, structure, institutions) with that of the United States.

• 2.3. Benchmark:

  Students will identify representative political leaders and philosophies from selected historical and contemporary settings.

• 2.4. Benchmark:

  Students will relate the concept of tribal sovereignty to the unique powers of tribal governments as they interact with local, state and federal governments.

• 2.5a. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze the effectiveness of various systems of government to protect the rights and needs of citizens and balance competing conceptions of a just society.

• 2.5b. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze the impact of the Constitution, laws and court decisions on the rights and responsibilities of citizens.

• 2.6. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze and evaluate conditions, actions and motivations that contribute to conflict and cooperation within and among groups and nations (e.g., current events from newspapers, magazines, television).

• 2.7. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze laws and policies governing technology and evaluate the ethical issues and the impacts of technology on society.

MT.3. Content Standard: Students apply geographic knowledge and skills (e.g., location, place, human/environment interactions, movement, and regions).

• 3.1. Benchmark:

  Students will interpret, use, and synthesize information from various representations of the Earth (e.g., maps, globes, satellite images, geographic information systems, three-dimensional models).

• 3.2. Benchmark:

  Students will differentiate and analyze the relationships among various regional and global patterns of geographic phenomena, (e.g., land forms, soils, climate, vegetation, natural resources, population).

• 3.3. Benchmark:

  Students will assess the major impacts of human modifications on the environment (e.g., global warming, deforestation, erosion, pollution).

• 3.4. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze how human settlement patterns create cooperation and conflict which influence the division and control of the Earth (e.g., treaties, economics, exploration, borders, religion, exploitation, water rights).

• 3.5. Benchmark:

  Students will select and apply appropriate geographic resources to analyze the interaction of physical and human systems (e.g., cultural patterns, demographics, unequal global distribution of resources) and their impact on environmental and societal changes.

• 3.6. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze the short-term and long-term effects that major physical changes in various parts of the world have had or might have on the environments (e.g., land use, population, resources).

• 3.7. Benchmark:

  Students will describe and compare how people create places that reflect culture, human needs, government policy, and current values and ideas as they design and build (e.g., buildings, neighborhoods, parks, industrial and agricultural centers, farms/ranches).

MT.4. Content Standard: Students demonstrate an understanding of the effects of time, continuity, and change on historical and future perspectives and relationships.

• 4.1. Benchmark:

  Students will select and analyze various documents and primary and secondary sources that have influenced the legal, political, and constitutional heritage of Montana and the United States.

• 4.2. Benchmark:

  Students will interpret how selected cultures, historical events, periods, and patterns of change influence each other.

• 4.3. Benchmark:

  Students will apply ideas, theories, and methods of inquiry to analyze historical and contemporary developments, and to formulate and defend reasoned decisions on public policy issues.

• 4.4a. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze the significance of important people, events, and ideas (e.g., political and intellectual leadership, inventions, discoveries, the arts) in the major eras/civilizations in the history of Montana, American Indian tribes, the United States, and the world.

• 4.4b. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze issues (e.g., freedom and equality, liberty and order, region and nation, diversity and civic duty) using historical evidence to form and support a reasoned position.

• 4.5. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze both the historical impact of technology (e.g., industrialization, communication, medicine) on human values and behaviors and how technology shapes problem solving now and in the future.

• 4.6. Benchmark:

  Students will investigate, interpret, and analyze the impact of multiple historical and contemporary viewpoints concerning events within and across cultures, major world religions, and political systems (e.g., assimilation, values, beliefs, conflicts).

• 4.7. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze and illustrate the major issues concerning history, culture, tribal sovereignty, and current status of the American Indian tribes and bands in Montana and the United States (e.g., gambling, artifacts, repatriation, natural resources, language, jurisdiction).

MT.5. Content Standard: Students make informed decisions based on an understanding of the economic principles of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption.

• 5.1. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze the impact that supply and demand, scarcity, prices, incentives, competition, and profits influence what is produced and distributed in various economic systems.

• 5.2. Benchmark:

  Students will use basic economic concepts (e.g., production, distribution, consumption, market economy and command economy) to compare and contrast local, regional, national, and global economies across time and at the present time.

• 5.3. Benchmark:

  Students will assess the costs and benefits to society of allocating goods and services through private and public sectors.

• 5.4. Benchmark:

  Students will compare and contrast how values and beliefs influence economic decisions in different economic systems.

• 5.5. Benchmark:

  Students will explain the operations, rules, and procedures of common financial instruments (e.g., stocks and bonds, retirement funds, IRAs) and financial institutions( credit companies, banks, insurance companies).

• 5.6. Benchmark:

  Students will explain and evaluate the effects of new technology, global economic interdependence, and competition on the development of national policies (e.g., social security system, Medicare, other entitlement programs) and on the lives of the individuals and families in Montana, the United States and the world (e.g., international trade, space exploration, national defense).

MT.6. Content Standard: Students demonstrate an understanding of the impact of human interaction and cultural diversity on societies.

• 6.1. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze and evaluate the ways various groups (e.g., social, political, cultural) meet human needs and concerns (e.g., individual needs, common good) and contribute to personal identity.

• 6.2. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze human experience and cultural expression (e.g., language, literature, arts, traditions, beliefs, spirituality, values, behavior) and create a product which illustrates an integrated view of a specific culture.

• 6.3. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze the impact of ethnic, national and global influences on specific situations or events.

• 6.4. Benchmark:

  Students will evaluate how the unique characteristics of American Indian tribes and other cultural groups have contributed to Montana's history and contemporary life (e.g., legal and political relationships between and among tribal, state, and federal governments).

• 6.5. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze the conflicts resulting from cultural assimilation and cultural preservation among various ethnic and racial groups in Montana, the United States and the world.

• 6.6. Benchmark:

  Students will analyze the interactions of individuals, groups and institutions in society (e.g., social mobility, class conflict, globalization).

MO.USH.PC. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: U.S. History

Principles of Constitutional Democracy: Knowledge of the principles expressed in documents shaping constitutional democracy in the United States

• PC.1.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Principles of constitutional democracy in the United States

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the changing roles of government in the context of the historical period being studied

    philosophy (DOK 3; SS1 1.6, 3.5)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the changing roles of government in the context of the historical period being studied

    limits (DOK 3; SS1 1.6, 3.5)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the changing roles of government in the context of the historical period being studied

    duties (DOK 3; SS1 1.6, 3.5)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the changing roles of government in the context of the historical period being studied

    checks and balances (DOK 3; SS1 1.6, 3.5)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the changing roles of government in the context of the historical period being studied

    separation of powers (DOK 3; SS1 1.6, 3.5)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the changing roles of government in the context of the historical period being studied

    federalism (DOK 3; SS1 1.6, 3.5)

  • PC.1.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    checks and balances (DOK 2; SS1 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    separation of powers (DOK 2; SS1 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    federalism (DOK 2; SS1 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Define and explain judicial review (DOK 2; SS1 1.1)

MO.USH.GS. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: U.S. History

Principles and Process of Governance Systems: Knowledge of principles and processes of governance systems

• GS.2.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Principles and purposes of government

  • GS.2.A.a. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government within the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    majority rule and minority rights (DOK 2; SS2 1.6, 1.9)

  • GS.2.A.b. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government within the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    constitution and civil rights (DOK 2; SS2 1.6, 1.9)

  • GS.2.A.c. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government within the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    checks and balances (DOK 2; SS2 1.6, 1.9)

• GS.2.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Similarities and differences of governmental systems

  • GS.2.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles and influence of political parties and interest groups from Reconstruction to the present. (DOK 3; SS2 1.6, 3.6)

MO.USH.MH. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: U.S. History

Missouri, United States and World History: Knowledge of continuity and change in the history of Missouri and the United States

• MH.3a.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understand the migrations of people from many regions to North America

  • MH.3a.A.a. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the migrations of people from many regions of the world and the interactions of cultures and religious traditions that have contributed to America's history from Reconstruction to the present

    motivations for immigration (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.A.b. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the migrations of people from many regions of the world and the interactions of cultures and religious traditions that have contributed to America's history from Reconstruction to the present

    challenges to immigrants (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

• MH.3a.I. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Political development in the United States

  • MH.3a.I.a. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the evolution of American democracy, its ideas, institutions and political processes from Reconstruction to the present, including

    Reconstruction (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.I.b. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the evolution of American democracy, its ideas, institutions and political processes from Reconstruction to the present, including

    struggle for civil rights (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.I.c. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the evolution of American democracy, its ideas, institutions and political processes from Reconstruction to the present, including

    expanding role of government (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.I.d. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the evolution of American democracy, its ideas, institutions and political processes from Reconstruction to the present, including

    expanding participation in political processes (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

• MH.3a.J. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding economic concepts

  • MH.3a.J.a. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    natural resources, labor, and capital resources (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.b. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    supply and demand (shortages and surpluses) (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.c. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    business cycle (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.d. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    government regulation and deregulation (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.e. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    unemployment and full employment (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.f. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    inflation and deflation (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.g. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    saving and investment (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.h. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    profit (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Principles and purposes of government

  • MH.3a.K.a. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government since Reconstruction

    majority rule and minority rights (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.K.b. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government since Reconstruction

    constitution and civil rights (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.K.c. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government since Reconstruction

    checks and balances (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.L. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Principles of constitutional democracy in the United States

  • MH.3a.L.a. Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    checks and balances (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.L.b. Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    separation of powers (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.L.c. Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    federalism (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.L.d. Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    define and explain judicial review (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.M. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Processes of governmental systems

  • MH.3a.M.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles and influence of political parties and interest groups since Reconstruction to the present (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.N. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Economic development in the United States

  • MH.3a.N.a. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the historical development of the American economy, including

    impact of geographic factors (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.N.b. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the historical development of the American economy, including

    role of the frontier and agriculture (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.N.c. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the historical development of the American economy, including

    impact of technological change and urbanization on land, resources, society, politics and culture (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.N.d. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the historical development of the American economy, including

    changing relationships between government and the economy (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.O.b. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions, and government play in the United States economy how boycotts, strikes, and embargoes affect trade and people's options (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.O.c. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions, and government play in the United States economy monetary policy (why the Federal Reserve System influences interest rates and money supply) (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.O.d. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions, and government play in the United States economy fiscal policy (government taxation and spending) (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.O. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the roles of people, business, and government in the economic system of the United States

  • MH.3a.O.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions, and government play in the United States economy how monopolies affect people's lives and how they are regulated (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.P. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding functions and effects of economic institutions

  • MH.3a.P.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Survey the functions and effects of major economic institutions of the United States economy, such as corporations, labor unions, and financial institutions (DOK 2; SS3 1.6)

• MH.3a.Q. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge of economic institutions

  • MH.3a.Q.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain the United States role in the global economy and of the roles of trade, treaties, international organizations and comparative advantage in the global economy (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.R. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the roles of the government in the US economy

  • MH.3a.R.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Identify the roles on government in the US economy (defining and protecting property right, maintaining competition, promoting goals such as full employment, stable prices, growth and justice) (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.S. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the concept of location

  • MH.3a.S.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Locate the major cities of Missouri, the United States, and world; states of the United States and many of the world's nations; the world's continents and oceans; and major topographic features of the United States and the world (DOK 1; SS3 1.5)

• MH.3a.T. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the concept of Place

  • MH.3a.T.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the physical characteristics and human characteristics that make places unique. Explain how and why places change. Explain how and why different people may perceive the same place in varied ways throughout the United States since Reconstruction (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.T.b. Gle / Proficiency: US History

    Explain how and why places change (DOK 2; SS3 1.10)

  • MH.3a.T.c. Gle / Proficiency: US History

    Explain how and why different people may perceive the same place in varied ways throughout the United States since Reconstruction (DOK 2; SS3 1.10)

• MH.3a.U. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding relationships within places

  • MH.3a.U.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish major patterns and issues with regard to population distribution, demographics, settlements, migrations, and cultures in the US (DOK 2; SS3 1.6)

• MH.3a.V. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding relationships between and among regions

  • MH.3a.V.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    List and explain criteria that give regions their identities in different periods of United States history. Explain how and why regions change (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.W. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Foreign and domestic policy developments

  • MH.3a.W.a. Gle / Proficiency: Describe and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies from Reconstruction to the present, including

    isolationism (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9, 3.5, 3.6)

  • MH.3a.W.b. Gle / Proficiency: Describe and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies from Reconstruction to the present, including

    immigration policy (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9, 3.5, 3.6)

  • MH.3a.W.c. Gle / Proficiency: Describe and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies from Reconstruction to the present, including

    Manifest Destiny (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9, 3.5, 3.6)

  • MH.3a.W.d. Gle / Proficiency: Describe and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies from Reconstruction to the present, including

    Imperialism (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9, 3.5, 3.6)

  • MH.3a.W.e. Gle / Proficiency: Describe and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies from Reconstruction to the present, including

    New Deal (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9, 3.5, 3.6)

  • MH.3a.W.f. Gle / Proficiency: Describe and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies from Reconstruction to the present, including

    two world wars (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9, 3.5, 3.6)

  • MH.3a.W.g. Gle / Proficiency: Describe and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies from Reconstruction to the present, including

    Cold War (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9, 3.5, 3.6)

  • MH.3a.W.h. Gle / Proficiency: Describe and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies from Reconstruction to the present, including

    Global interdependence (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9, 3.5, 3.6)

• MH.3a.X. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, comparisons, and results of major twentieth-century wars

  • MH.3a.X(1) Gle / Proficiency: Examine the wars of the twentieth-century pertinent to US history including

    causes, comparisons, consequences and peace efforts (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.10)

• MH.3a.Y. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding cultural changes

  • MH.3a.Y(1) Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the changing character of American society and culture (i.e., arts and literature, education and philosophy, religion and values, and science and technology) (DOK 2; SS3 1.9, 1.10)

• MH.3a.Z. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Missouri history as it relates to major developments of United States History

  • MH.3a.Z.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze Missouri History as it relates to major developments of US History including Exploration and settlement (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.10)

  • MH.3a.Z.b. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze Missouri History as it relates to major developments of US History including Mid 1800s (conflict and war) (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.10)

  • MH.3a.Z.c. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze Missouri History as it relates to major developments of US History including Urbanization, industrialization, post-industrial societies (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.10)

MO.USH.MH. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: U.S. History

Missouri, United States and World History: Knowledge of continuity and change in the history the world

• MH.3b.M. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, comparisons and results of major twentieth-century wars

  • MH.3b.M.a. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the wars of the twentieth century pertinent to US History, including

    causes, comparisons, consequences and peace efforts (DOK 1.6; SS3 3g)

MO.USH.EC. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: U.S. History

Economic Concepts and Principles: Knowledge of economic concepts (including productivity and the market system) and principles (including the laws of supply and demand)

• EC.4.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge of basic economic concepts, being able to explain and use them to interpret historical and current events

  • EC.4.A.a. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    labor, natural resources, and capital resources (DOK 4; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.b. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    supply and demand (shortages and surpluses) (DOK 4; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.c. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    savings and investment (DOK 4; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.d. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    business cycle (DOK 4; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.e. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    profit (DOK 4; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.f. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    government regulation and deregulation (DOK 4; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.g. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    unemployment and full employment (DOK 4; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.h. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of US History from Reconstruction to the present

    inflation and deflation (DOK 4; SS4 1.1)

• EC.4.H. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the roles of people, business, and government in economic systems of the United States

  • EC.4.H.a. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions and government have played in the US economy, such as

    monetary policy (why the Federal Reserve System influences interest rates and money supply) (DOK 3; SS4 1.9, 3.6)

  • EC.4.H.b. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions and government have played in the US economy, such as

    fiscal policy (government taxation and spending) (DOK 3; SS4 1.9, 3.6)

  • EC.4.H.c. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions and government have played in the US economy, such as

    how monopolies affect people's lives and how they are regulated (DOK 3; SS4 1.9, 3.6)

  • EC.4.H.d. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions and government have played in the US economy, such as

    how boycotts, strikes, and embargoes affect trade and people's options (DOK 3; SS4 1.9, 3.6)

• EC.4.I. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the functions and effects of economic institutions

  • EC.4.I.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain the functions and effects of major economic institutions of the United States economy, such as corporations, labor unions and financial institutions (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

• EC.4.J. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge of economic institutions

  • EC.4.J.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain the United States role in the global economy and of the roles of trade, treaties, international organizations and comparative advantage in the global economy (DOK 2; SS4 1.6, 1.10)

• EC.4.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the roles of government in a market economy

  • EC.4.K.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Identify the roles of the government in the US economy (defining and protecting property rights, maintaining competition, promoting goals such as full employment, stable prices, growth and justice) (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

MO.USH.EG. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: U.S. History

Elements of Geographical Study and Analysis: Knowledge of major elements of geographical study and analysis (such as location, place, movement and regions) and their relationship to changes in society and the environment

• EG.5.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the concept of location to make predictions and solve problems

  • EG.5.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Locate major cities of Missouri, the United States and world; states of the United States and many of the world's nations; the world's continents and oceans; and major topographic features of the United States and world (DOK 1; SS5 1.4, 1.5)

• EG.5.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the concept of place

  • EG.5.C(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe physical characteristics and human characteristics that make specific places unique (DOK 2; SS5 1.1)

  • EG.5.C(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how and why places change (DOK 2; N/A 1.6)

  • EG.5.C(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how and why different people may perceive the same place in varied ways (DOK 4; SS5 1.6)

• EG.5.D. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Relationships within places (Human- Environment Interactions) (Movement)

  • EG.5.F(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    List and explain criteria that give regions their identities in different periods of United States history (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.F(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how and why regions change (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

MO.USH.RI. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: U.S. History

Relationships of Individual and Groups to Institutions and Traditions: Knowledge of relationships of the individual and groups to institutions and cultural traditions

• RI.6.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Ideas and beliefs of different cultures

  • RI.6.K(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Compare and contrast the major ideas and beliefs of different cultures (DOK 2; SS6 1.9)

• RI.6.L. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Changing of roles of various groups

  • RI.6.L.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze how the roles of class, ethnic, racial, gender and age groups have changed in society, including causes and effects (DOK 3; SS6 1.6)

• RI.6.M. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Major social institutions

  • RI.6.M.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the major social institutions (family, education, religion, economy and government) and how they fulfill human needs (DOK 2; SS6 1.9, 1.10)

• RI.6.N. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Consequences of individual or institutional failure

  • RI.6.N.a. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    institutions fail to meet the needs of individuals and groups (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

  • RI.6.N.b. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    individuals fail to carry out their personal responsibilities (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

• RI.6.O. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, effects and resolutions of cultural conflict

  • RI.6.O.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Determine the causes, consequences and possible resolutions of cultural conflicts (DOK 3; SS6 3.6)

MO.USH.TS. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: U.S. History

Tools of Social Science Inquiry: Knowledge of the use of tools of social science inquiry (such as surveys, statistics, maps and documents)

• TS.7.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Identify, select, use, analyze and create appropriate resources for social science inquiry

  • TS.7.A.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between and analyze primary sources and secondary sources (DOK 2; SS7 1.7, 1.5)

• TS.7.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge to create various social studies maps and graphics

  • TS.7.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Create maps, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines and political cartoons to assist in analyzing and visualizing concepts in social studies (DOK 3; SS7 1.8, 2.1)

• TS.7.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding fact, opinion, bias and points of view in sources

  • TS.7.C.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between fact and opinion and analyze sources to recognize bias and points of view (DOK 3; SS7 1.7, 3.5, 3.6)

• TS.7.E. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Developing a research plan and identifying resources

  • TS.7.E.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Develop a research plan and identify appropriate resources for investigating social studies topics (DOK 3; SS7 1.1, 1.4)

• TS.7.F. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Interpreting various social studies resources

  • TS.7.F.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Interpret maps, statistics, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines, pictures, political cartoons, audiovisual materials, continua, written resources, art and artifacts (DOK 3; SS7 1.5)

MO.GOV.PC. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Government (EOC)

Principles of Constitutional Democracy: Knowledge of the principles expressed in documents shaping constitutional democracy in the United States

• PC.1.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Principles of constitutional democracy in the United States

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following principles of constitutional democracy to historical and contemporary issues

    checks and balances (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following principles of constitutional democracy to historical and contemporary issues

    separation of powers (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following principles of constitutional democracy to historical and contemporary issues

    federalism (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following principles of constitutional democracy to historical and contemporary issues

    representation (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following principles of constitutional democracy to historical and contemporary issues

    popular sovereignty (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following principles of constitutional democracy to historical and contemporary issues

    due process of law (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following principles of constitutional democracy to historical and contemporary issues

    judicial review (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Determine the civic responsibilities of individual citizens (DOK 2; SS1 4.2)

  • PC.1.A(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Assess the changing roles of government philosophy (DOK 2; SS1 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Assess the changing roles of government limits (DOK 2; SS1 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Assess the changing roles of government duties (DOK 2; SS1 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(4). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the historical foundations of the United States governmental system as reflected in the following documents Magna Carta (DOK 3; SS1 1.10, 1.5, 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(4). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the historical foundations of the United States governmental system as reflected in the following documents b. Enlightenment writings of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and the Social Contract Theory (DOK 3; SS1 1.10, 1.5, 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(4). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the historical foundations of the United States governmental system as reflected in the following documents Mayflower Compact (DOK 3; SS1 1.10, 1.5, 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(4). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the historical foundations of the United States governmental system as reflected in the following documents Declaration of Independence (DOK 3; SS1 1.10, 1.5, 1.6)

  • PC.1.A(4). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the historical foundations of the United States governmental system as reflected in the following documents Articles of Confederation (DOK 3; SS1 1.10, 1.5, 1.6)

• PC.1.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Role of citizens and governments in carrying out constitutional principles

  • PC.1.B.a. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the relevance and connection of constitutional principles in the following documents

    US Constitution (DOK 3; SS1 1.5, 1.6, 1.10, 3.5)

  • PC.1.B.b. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the relevance and connection of constitutional principles in the following documents

    Federalist Papers (DOK 3; SS1 1.5, 1.6, 1.10, 3.5)

  • PC.1.B.c. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the relevance and connection of constitutional principles in the following documents

    Amendments to Constitution, emphasizing Bill of Rights (DOK 3; SS1 1.5, 1.6, 1.10, 3.5)

  • PC.1.B.d. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the relevance and connection of constitutional principles in the following documents

    Key Supreme Court decisions Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Miranda v. Arizona, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Topeka Board of Education (DOK 3; SS1 1.5, 1.6, 1.10, 3.5)

MO.GOV.GS. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Government (EOC)

Principles and Process of Governance Systems: Knowledge of principles and processes of governance systems

• GS.2.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Principles and purposes of government.

  • GS.2.A(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the structure of government and the purposes of laws (with emphasis on the federal and state governments) in general (DOK 1; SS2 1.6, 1.9)

  • GS.2.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government

    limited government (DOK 2; SS2 1.1)

  • GS.2.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government

    majority rule and minority rights (DOK 2; SS2 1.1)

  • GS.2.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government

    constitution and civil rights (DOK 2; SS2 1.1)

  • GS.2.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government

    checks and balances (DOK 2; SS2 1.1)

  • GS.2.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government

    merits of the above principles (DOK 2; SS2 1.1)

• GS.2.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Similarities and differences of governmental systems

  • GS.2.B(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Compare and contrast governmental systems, current and historical, including those that are democratic, totalitarian, monarchic, oligarchic and theocratic, and describe their impact (DOK 2; SS2 1.9)

• GS.2.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Processes of governmental systems

  • GS.2.C(1). Gle / Proficiency: Explain the processes pertaining to

    selection of political leaders (with an emphasis on presidential and parliamentary systems) (DOK 2; SS2 1.1)

  • GS.2.C(1). Gle / Proficiency: Explain the processes pertaining to

    functions and styles of leadership (including authoritarian, democratic and laissez faire) (DOK 2; SS2 1.1)

  • GS.2.C(1). Gle / Proficiency: Explain the processes pertaining to

    governmental systems (DOK 2; SS2 1.1)

  • GS.2.C(1). Gle / Proficiency: Explain the processes pertaining to

    how laws and rules are made, enforced, changed and interpreted (DOK 2; SS2 1.1)

  • GS.2.C(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Evaluate the roles and influence of political parties and interest groups (DOK 3; SS2 1.6, 3.6)

MO.GOV.MH. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Government (EOC)

Missouri, United States and World History: Knowledge of continuity and change in the history of Missouri and the United States

• MH.3a.I. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Political development in the United States

  • MH.3a.I.a. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the evolution of American democracy, its ideas, institutions and political processes, including

    Constitution and amendments (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.I.b. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the evolution of American democracy, its ideas, institutions and political processes, including

    struggle for civil rights (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.I.c. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the evolution of American democracy, its ideas, institutions and political processes, including

    expanding role of government (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

• MH.3a.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Principles and purposes of government

  • MH.3a.K.a. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government since Reconstruction

    majority rule and minority rights (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.K.b. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government since Reconstruction

    constitution and civil rights (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.K.c. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the importance of the following principles of government since Reconstruction

    checks and balances (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.L. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Principles of constitutional democracy in the United States

  • MH.3a.L.a. Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    checks and balances (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.L.b. Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    separation of powers (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.L.c. Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    federalism (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.L.d. Gle / Proficiency: Assess the changing roles of the following

    define and explain judicial review (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.M. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Processes of governmental systems

  • MH.3a.M.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Evaluate the roles and influence of political parties and interest groups (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3b.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Effect of the Enlightenment on major revolutions

  • MH.3b.K.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Evaluate the Enlightenment, including its principle ideas, its antecedents, its challenge to absolutist monarchies and others and its effects on world history (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

MO.GOV.EC. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Government

Economic Concepts and Principles: Knowledge of economic concepts (including productivity and the market system) and principles (including the laws of supply and demand)

• EC.4.H. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the roles of people, business, and government in economic systems of the United States

  • EC.4.H.a. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the roles that people, businesses and government play in economic systems, such as

    monetary policy (why the Federal Reserve System influences interest rates and money supply) (DOK 3; SS4 1.6, 3.6)

  • EC.4.H.b. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the roles that people, businesses and government play in economic systems, such as

    fiscal policy (government taxation and spending) (DOK 3; SS4 1.6, 3.6)

• EC.4.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the roles of government in a market economy

  • EC.4.K.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Identify the roles of government in a market economy (defining and protecting property rights, maintaining competition, promoting goals such as full employment, stable prices, growth and justice) (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

MO.GOV.RI. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Government

Relationships of Individual and Groups to Institutions and Traditions: Knowledge of relationships of the individual and groups to institutions and cultural traditions

• RI.6.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Ideas and beliefs of different cultures

  • RI.6.K.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Compare and contrast the major ideas and beliefs of different cultures (DOK 2; SS6 1.9)

• RI.6.L. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Changing of roles of various groups

  • RI.6.L.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze how the roles of class, ethnic, racial, gender and age groups have changed in society, including causes and effects (DOK 3; SS6 1.6)

• RI.6.M. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Major social institutions

  • RI.6.M.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the major social institutions (family, education, religion, economy and government) and how they fulfill human needs (DOK 2; SS6 1.9, 1.10)

• RI.6.N. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Consequences of individual or institutional failure

  • RI.6.N.a. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    institutions fail to meet the needs of individuals and groups (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

  • RI.6.N.b. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    individuals fail to carry out their personal responsibilities (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

• RI.6.O. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, effects and resolutions of cultural conflict

  • RI.6.O.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Determine the causes, consequences and possible resolutions of cultural conflicts (DOK 3; SS6 3.6)

MO.GOV.TS. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Government

Tools of Social Science Inquiry: Knowledge of the use of tools of social science inquiry (such as surveys, statistics, maps and documents)

• TS.7.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Identify, select, use, analyze and create appropriate resources for social science inquiry

  • TS.7.A.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between and analyze primary sources and secondary sources (DOK 2; SS7 1.7, 1.5)

• TS.7.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge to create various social studies maps and graphics

  • TS.7.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Create maps, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines and political cartoons to assist in analyzing and visualizing concepts in social studies (DOK 3; SS7 1.8, 2.1)

• TS.7.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding fact, opinion, bias and points of view in sources

  • TS.7.C.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between fact and opinion and analyze sources to recognize bias and points of view (DOK 3; SS7 1.7, 3.5, 3.6)

• TS.7.E. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Developing a research plan and identifying resources

  • TS.7.E.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Develop a research plan and identify appropriate resources for investigating social studies topics (DOK 3; SS7 1.1, 1.4)

• TS.7.F. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Interpreting various social studies resources

  • TS.7.F.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Interpret maps, statistics, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines, pictures, political cartoons, audiovisual materials, continua, written resources, art and artifacts (DOK 3; SS7 1.5)

MO.GEO.MH. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Geography

Missouri, United States and World History: Knowledge of continuity and change in the history of Missouri and the United States

• MH.3a.S. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the concept of location

  • MH.3a.S.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Locate the major cities of Missouri, the United States, and world; states of the United States and many of the world's nations; the world's continents and oceans; and major topographic features of the United States and the world (DOK 1; SS3 1.5)

• MH.3a.T. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the concept of Place

  • MH.3a.T.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the physical characteristics and human characteristics that make places unique. Explain how and why places change. Explain how and why different people may perceive the same place in varied ways throughout the United States since Reconstruction (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.U. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding relationships within places

  • MH.3a.U.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish major patterns and issues with regard to population distribution, demographics, settlements, migrations, and cultures in the US (DOK 2; SS3 1.6)

• MH.3a.V. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding relationships between and among regions

  • MH.3a.V.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    List and explain criteria that give regions their identities in different periods of United States history. Explain how and why regions change (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

MO.GEO.EC. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Geography Economic Concepts and Principles

Knowledge of economic concepts (including productivity and the market system) and principles (including the laws of supply and demand)

• EC.4.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge of basic economic concepts, being able to explain and use them to interpret historical and current events

  • EC.4.A.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Define and give examples of production (human resources, natural resources, capital resources) (DOK 2; SS4 1.6, 1.10)

MO.GEO.EG. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Geography Elements of Geographical Study and Analysis

Knowledge of major elements of geographical study and analysis (such as location, place, movement and regions) and their relationship to changes in society and the environment

• EG.5.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Reading and constructing maps

  • EG.5.A.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Locate major cities of Missouri, the United States and world; states of the United States and many of the world's nations; the world's continents and oceans; and major topographic features of the United States and world (DOK 1; SS5 1.4, 1.5)

• EG.5.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the concept of location to make predictions and solve problems

  • EG.5.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Communicate locations of places by creating maps and by describing their absolute locations and relative locations (DOK 2; SS5 1.8, 1.10, 2.1)

• EG.5.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the concept of place

  • EG.5.C(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe physical characteristics and human characteristics that make specific places unique (DOK 2; SS5 1.1)

  • EG.5.C(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how and why places change (DOK 2; N/A 1.6)

  • EG.5.C(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how and why different people may perceive the same place in varied ways (DOK 4; SS5 1.6)

• EG.5.D. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Relationships within places (Human-Environment Interactions) (Movement)

  • EG.5.D(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how physical processes shape the earth's surface (DOK 2; SS5 1.1)

  • EG.5.D(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the distribution and characteristics of ecosystems, the forces that have led to their formation, and how they vary in biodiversity and productivity (DOK 2; SS5 1.6, 1.10)

  • EG.5.D(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze major patterns and issues with regard to population distribution, demographics, settlements, migrations, cultures and economic systems in the United States and world (DOK 3; SS5 1.6, 3.5)

  • EG.5.D(4). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how technology has expanded people's capacity to modify the physical environment (DOK 2; SS5 1.1)

  • EG.5.D(5). Gle / Proficiency:

    Identify how changes in the physical environment may reduce the capacity of the environment to support human activity (DOK 2; SS5 1.1)

• EG.5.E. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding relationships between and among places

  • EG.5.E(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain the factors that account for patterns in trade and human migration (DOK 2; SS5 1.1)

  • EG.5.E(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe major effects of changes in patterns of the movement of people, products and ideas (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.E(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Identify issues pertaining to the movement of people, products and ideas, and evaluate ways to address those issues (DOK 3; SS5 3.7, 3.5)

• EG.5.F. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding relationships between and among regions

  • EG.5.F(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    List and explain criteria that give regions their identities in different periods of United States and world history (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.F(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how parts of a region relate to each other and to the region as a whole (e.g., states to nation) (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.F(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how regions relate to one another (e.g., river-drainage regions) (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.F(4). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how and why regions change (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

• EG.5.G. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Using geography to interpret, explain and predict

  • EG.5.G.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Use geography to interpret the past, explain the present and plan for the future (DOK 3; SS5 1.6, 3.2)

• EG.5.I. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Using geography to interpret, explain and plan for the future

  • EG.5.I(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Use and evaluate geographic research sources (e.g., maps, satellite images, globes, charts, graphs and atlases) to interpret Earth's physical and human systems (DOK 2; SS5 1.4, 1.7)

  • EG.5.I(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Identify and solve geographic problems (DOK 2; SS5 3.1, 3.2)

  • EG.5.I(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Construct maps (DOK 2; SS5 1.8)

MO.GEO.RI. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Geography Relationships of Individual and Groups to Institutions and Traditions

Knowledge of relationships of the individual and groups to institutions and cultural traditions

• RI.6.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Ideas and beliefs of different cultures

  • RI.6.K.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Compare and contrast the major ideas and beliefs of different cultures (DOK 2; SS6 1.9)

• RI.6.L. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Changing of roles of various groups

  • RI.6.L.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze how the roles of class, ethnic, racial, gender and age groups have changed in society, including causes and effects (DOK 3; SS6 1.6)

• RI.6.M. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Major social institutions

  • RI.6.M.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the major social institutions (family, education, religion, economy and government) and how they fulfill human needs (DOK 2; SS6 1.9, 1.10)

• RI.6.N. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Consequences of individual or institutional failure

  • RI.6.N.a. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    institutions fail to meet the needs of individuals and groups (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

  • RI.6.N.b. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    individuals fail to carry out their personal responsibilities (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

• RI.6.O. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, effects and resolutions of cultural conflict

  • RI.6.O.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Determine the causes, consequences and possible resolutions of cultural conflicts (DOK 3; SS6 3.6)

MO.GEO.TS. Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Geography Tools of Social Science Inquiry

Knowledge of the use of tools of social science inquiry (such as surveys, statistics, maps and documents)

• TS.7.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Identify, select, use, analyze and create appropriate resources for social science inquiry

  • TS.7.A.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between and analyze primary sources and secondary sources (DOK 2; SS7 1.7, 1.5)

• TS.7.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge to create various social studies maps and graphics

  • TS.7.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Create maps, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines and political cartoons to assist in analyzing and visualizing concepts in social studies (DOK 3; SS7 1.8, 2.1)

• TS.7.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding fact, opinion, bias and points of view in sources

  • TS.7.C.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between fact and opinion and analyze sources to recognize bias and points of view (DOK 3; SS7 1.7, 3.5, 3.6)

• TS.7.E. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Developing a research plan and identifying resources

  • TS.7.E.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Develop a research plan and identify appropriate resources for investigating social studies topics (DOK 3; SS7 1.1, 1.4)

• TS.7.F. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Interpreting various social studies resources

  • TS.7.F.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Interpret maps, statistics, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines, pictures, political cartoons, audiovisual materials, continua, written resources, art and artifacts (DOK 3; SS7 1.5)

MO.WH.PC.1 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: World History

Principles of Constitutional Democracy: Knowledge of the principles expressed in documents shaping constitutional democracy in the United States

• PC.1.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Principles of constitutional democracy in the United States

  • PC.1.A(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze changes in democracy and republics over time (DOK 2; SS1 1.9)

  • PC.1.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following in the context of the historical period being studied

    democracy (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following in the context of the historical period being studied

    republic (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following in the context of the historical period being studied

    changing role of government (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

  • PC.1.A(2). Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following in the context of the historical period being studied

    representation (DOK 3; SS1 3.5, 1.10)

• PC.1.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Role of citizens and governments in carrying out constitutional principles

  • PC.1.B.a. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the relevance and the connection of constitutional principles in the following documents

    Magna Carta (DOK 3; SS1 1.5, 1.6, 1.10, 3.5)

  • PC.1.B.b. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the relevance and the connection of constitutional principles in the following documents

    Enlightenment writings of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu and the Social Contract Theory (DOK 3; SS1 1.5, 1.6, 1.10, 3.5)

MO.WH.GS.2 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: World History

Principles and Process of Governance Systems: Knowledge of principles and processes of governance systems

• GS.2.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Similarities and differences of governmental systems

  • GS.2.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Compare and contrast governmental systems, current and historical, including those that are democratic, totalitarian, monarchic, oligarchic and theocratic, and describe their impact (DOK 2; SS2 1.9)

• GS.2.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Processes of governmental systems

  • GS.2.C.a. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the processes pertaining to

    selection of political leaders (DOK 2; SS2 1.6, 1.9)

  • GS.2.C.b. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the processes pertaining to

    functions and styles of leadership (including authoritarian, democratic and laissez faire) (DOK 2; SS2 1.6, 1.9)

  • GS.2.C.c. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the processes pertaining to

    governmental systems (DOK 2; SS2 1.6, 1.9)

  • GS.2.C.d. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the processes pertaining to

    how laws and rules are made, enforced, changed and interpreted (DOK 2; SS2 1.6, 1.9)

MO.WH.MH.3 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: World History

Missouri, United States and World History: Knowledge of continuity and change in the history of Missouri and the United States

• MH.3a.X. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, comparisons, and results of major twentieth-century wars

  • MH.3a.X.b. Gle / Proficiency: Examine the wars of the twentieth-century pertinent to US history including

    causes, comparisons, consequences and peace efforts (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.10)

MO.WH.MH.3 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: World History

Missouri, United States and World History: Knowledge of continuity and change in the history the world

• MH.3b.G. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge of contributions and interactions of major world civilizations

  • MH.3b.G.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the dominant characteristics, contributions of, and interactions among major civilizations of Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas and the Middle East in ancient and medieval times (DOK 4; SS3 1.9)

• MH.3b.H. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Influence of the Renaissance and Reformation

  • MH.3b.H.a. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze the following developments related to the Renaissance and Reformation including

    new ways of thinking, humanism, new developments in arts and their impact on later developments (DOK 4; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

• MH.3b.I. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes and effects of European overseas expansion

  • MH.3b.I.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Assess the impact of the First Global Age, including the Columbian Exchange; the origins and consequences of European overseas expansion; the effect of European arms and economic power on other parts of the world; resulting transformations in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Europe and conflicts among European maritime and land powers (DOK 4; SS3 1.9, 1.6)

• MH.3b.J. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Impact of Scientific Revolution

  • MH.3b.J.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the Scientific Revolution in the context of what it was, its antecedents and its impact on Europe and the world (DOK 4; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

• MH.3b.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Effect of the Enlightenment on major revolutions

  • MH.3b.K(1) Gle / Proficiency:

    Evaluate the Enlightenment, including its principle ideas, its antecedents, its challenge to absolutist monarchies and others and its effects on world history (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3b.K(2) Gle / Proficiency: Identify and explain the major revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries, including

    political revolutions (American and French) and the Industrial Revolution (causes, development, reactions and other consequences, such as social, political and economic globalization) (DOK 3; SS3 1.10, 1.6)

• MH.3b.L. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes and consequences of economic theories and practices

  • MH.3b.L.a. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the evolution of diverse economic theories and practices, including

    manorialism, mercantilism, laissez-faire capitalism and socialism. Describe the social and political effects these have had on various societies (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

• MH.3b.M. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, comparisons and results of major twentieth-century wars

  • MH.3b.M.a. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze all significant wars of the twentieth century, including

    causes, comparisons, consequences and peace efforts (DOK 4; SS3 1.6)

• MH.3b.N. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, reactions and consequences of European and Japanese imperialism

  • MH.3b.N.a. Gle / Proficiency: Evaluate European and Japanese imperialism of the late 19th and 20th century and the independence movements in Africa and Asia

    causes, reactions, short- and long-term consequences (DOK 4; SS3 1.9, 1.6, 3.8)

• MH.3b.O. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes and consequences of major demographic changes

  • MH.3b.O.a. Gle / Proficiency: Outline major demographic changes and migrations from prehistoric times to the present, including

    their causes and consequences (e.g. rural to urban, less developed to more developed) (DOK 2; SS3 1.8, 1.6)

MO.WH.EC.4 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: World History

Economic Concepts and Principles: Knowledge of economic concepts (including productivity and the market system) and principles (including the laws of supply and demand)

• EC.4.J. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge of economic institutions

  • EC.4.J.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain the roles of trade, treaties, international organizations and comparative advantage in the global economy (DOK 2; SS4 1.6, 1.10)

MO.WH.EG.5 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: World History

Elements of Geographical Study and Analysis: Knowledge of major elements of geographical study and analysis (such as location, place, movement and regions) and their relationship to changes in society and the environment

• EG.5.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the concept of place

  • EG.5.C(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe physical characteristics and human characteristics that make specific places unique (DOK 2; SS5 1.1)

  • EG.5.C(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how and why places change (DOK 2; N/A 1.6)

  • EG.5.C(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how and why different people may perceive the same place in varied ways (DOK 4; SS5 1.6)

MO.WH.RI.6 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: World History

Relationships of Individual and Groups to Institutions and Traditions: Knowledge of relationships of the individual and groups to institutions and cultural traditions

• RI.6.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Ideas and beliefs of different cultures

  • RI.6.K.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Compare and contrast the major ideas and beliefs of different cultures (DOK 2; SS6 1.9)

• RI.6.L. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Changing of roles of various groups

  • RI.6.L.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze how the roles of class, ethnic, racial, gender and age groups have changed in society, including causes and effects (DOK 3; SS6 1.6)

• RI.6.M. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Major social institutions

  • RI.6.M.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the major social institutions (family, education, religion, economy and government) and how they fulfill human needs (DOK 2; SS6 1.9, 1.10)

• RI.6.N. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Consequences of individual or institutional failure

  • RI.6.N.a. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    institutions fail to meet the needs of individuals and groups (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

  • RI.6.N.b. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    individuals fail to carry out their personal responsibilities (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

• RI.6.O. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, effects and resolutions of cultural conflict

  • RI.6.O.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Determine the causes, consequences and possible resolutions of cultural conflicts (DOK 3; SS6 3.6)

MO.WH.TS.7 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: World History

Tools of Social Science Inquiry: Knowledge of the use of tools of social science inquiry (such as surveys, statistics, maps and documents)

• TS.7.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Identify, select, use, analyze and create appropriate resources for social science inquiry

  • TS.7.A.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between and analyze primary sources and secondary sources (DOK 2; SS7 1.7, 1.5)

• TS.7.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge to create various social studies maps and graphics

  • TS.7.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Create maps, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines and political cartoons to assist in analyzing and visualizing concepts in social studies (DOK 3; SS7 1.8, 2.1)

• TS.7.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding fact, opinion, bias and points of view in sources

  • TS.7.C.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between fact and opinion and analyze sources to recognize bias and points of view (DOK 3; SS7 1.7, 3.5, 3.6)

• TS.7.E. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Developing a research plan and identifying resources

  • TS.7.E.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Develop a research plan and identify appropriate resources for investigating social studies topics (DOK 3; SS7 1.1, 1.4)

• TS.7.F. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Interpreting various social studies resources

  • TS.7.F.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Interpret maps, statistics, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines, pictures, political cartoons, audiovisual materials, continua, written resources, art and artifacts (DOK 3; SS7 1.5)

MO.EC.MH.3 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Economics

Missouri, United States and World History: Knowledge of continuity and change in the history of Missouri and the United States

• MH.3a.J. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding economic concepts

  • MH.3a.J.a. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    natural resources, labor, and capital resources (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.b. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    supply and demand (shortages and surpluses) (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.c. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    business cycle (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.d. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    government regulation and deregulation (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.e. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    unemployment and full employment (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.f. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    inflation and deflation (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.g. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    saving and investment (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.J.h. Gle / Proficiency: Apply the following major economic concepts in the context of the historical period studied

    profit (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.N. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Economic development in the United States

  • MH.3a.N.a. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the historical development of the American economy, including

    impact of geographic factors (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.N.b. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the historical development of the American economy, including

    role of the frontier and agriculture (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.N.c. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the historical development of the American economy, including

    impact of technological change and urbanization on land, resources, society, politics and culture (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

  • MH.3a.N.d. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the historical development of the American economy, including

    changing relationships between government and the economy (DOK 2; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

• MH.3a.O. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the roles of people, business, and government in the economic system of the United States

  • MH.3a.O.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions, and government play in the United States economy how monopolies affect people's lives and how they are regulated (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.O.b. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions, and government play in the United States economy how boycotts, strikes, and embargoes affect trade and people's options (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.O.c. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions, and government play in the United States economy monetary policy (why the Federal Reserve System influences interest rates and money supply) (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

  • MH.3a.O.d. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles people, business, labor unions, and government play in the United States economy fiscal policy (government taxation and spending) (DOK 3; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.P. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding functions and effects of economic institutions

  • MH.3a.P.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Survey the functions and effects of major economic institutions of the United States economy, such as corporations, labor unions, and financial institutions (DOK 2; SS3 1.6)

• MH.3a.Q. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge of economic institutions

  • MH.3a.Q(1) Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain the United States role in the global economy and of the roles of trade, treaties, international organizations and comparative advantage in the global economy (DOK 2; SS3 1.1)

• MH.3a.W. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Foreign and domestic policy developments

  • MH.3a.W.a. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies including

    New Deal (DOK 3; SS3 3.6, 1.6)

  • MH.3a.W.b. Gle / Proficiency: Analyze and evaluate the evolution of United States domestic and foreign policies including

    global interdependence (DOK 3; SS3 3.6, 1.6)

MO.EC.MH.3 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Economics

Missouri, United States and World History: Knowledge of continuity and change in the history the world

• MH.3b.L. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes and consequences of economic theories and practices

  • MH.3b.L.a. Gle / Proficiency: Describe the evolution of diverse economic theories and practices, including

    manorialism, mercantilism, laissez-faire capitalism and socialism. Describe the social and political effects these have had on various societies (DOK 3; SS3 1.6, 1.9)

MO.EC.EC.4 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Economics

Economic Concepts and Principles: Knowledge of economic concepts (including productivity and the market system) and principles (including the laws of supply and demand)

• EC.4.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge of basic economic concepts, being able to explain and use them to interpret historical and current events

  • EC.4.A.a. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    scarcity (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.b. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    opportunity cost (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.c. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    factors of production (human resources, natural resources, and capital resources) (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.d. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    supply and demand (shortages and surpluses) (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.e. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    gross domestic product (GDP) (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.f. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    savings and investments (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.g. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    business cycle (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.h. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    profit (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.i. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    government regulation and deregulation (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.j. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    budgeting (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.k. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    income (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.l. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    unemployment and full employment (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

  • EC.4.A.m. Gle / Proficiency: Apply major economic concepts, such as

    inflation and deflation (DOK 2; SS4 1.1)

• EC.4.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the consequences of personal and public economic decisions

  • EC.4.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Evaluate the economic consequences of personal and public decisions (e.g. use of credit; deficit spending) (DOK 2; SS4 3.8)

• EC.4.G. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Compare and contrast economic systems

  • EC.4.G.a. Gle / Proficiency: Compare and contrast economic systems

    traditional, market, command and mixed (DOK 1.9; SS4 2)

• EC.4.H. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the roles of people, business, and government in economic systems of the United States

  • EC.4.H.a. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the roles people, business, and government play in economic systems, such as

    monetary policy (why and how the Federal Reserve System influences interest rates and money supply) (DOK 3; SS4 1.6, 4.1)

  • EC.4.H.b. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the roles people, business, and government play in economic systems, such as

    fiscal policy (government taxation and spending) (DOK 3; SS4 1.6, 4.1)

  • EC.4.H.c. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the roles people, business, and government play in economic systems, such as

    how monopolies affect people's lives and how they are regulated (DOK 3; SS4 1.6, 4.1)

  • EC.4.H.d. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the roles people, business, and government play in economic systems, such as

    how boycotts, strikes and embargoes affect trade and people's options (DOK 3; SS4 1.6, 4.1)

  • EC.4.H.e. Gle / Proficiency: Explain the roles people, business, and government play in economic systems, such as

    why businesses may choose to build in or move to other regions or countries (DOK 3; SS4 1.6, 4.1)

• EC.4.I. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the functions and effects of economic institutions

  • EC.4.I.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the functions and effects of major economic institutions on the United States economy, such as corporations, labor unions and financial institutions (DOK 2; SS4 1.6, 1.10)

• EC.4.J. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge of economic institutions

  • EC.4.J.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain the roles of trade, treaties, international organizations and comparative advantage in the global economy (DOK 2; SS4 1.6, 1.10)

• EC.4.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding the roles of government in a market economy

  • EC.4.K.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze the roles of government in a market economy (defining and protecting property rights, maintaining competition, promoting goals such as full employment, stable prices, growth and justice) (DOK 2; SS4 1.6, 1.10)

MO.EC.EG.5 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Economics

Elements of Geographical Study and Analysis: Knowledge of major elements of geographical study and analysis (such as location, place, movement and regions) and their relationship to changes in society and the environment

• EG.5.D. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Relationships within places (Human- Environment Interactions) (Movement)

  • EG.5.D(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how technology has expanded people's capacity to modify the physical environment (DOK 2; SS5 1.1)

  • EG.5.D(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Identify how changes in the physical environment may reduce the capacity of the environment to support human activity (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.D(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Identify and evaluate policies and programs related to the use of resources (DOK 3; SS5 1.10, 3.7)

• EG.5.E. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding relationships between and among places

  • EG.5.E(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain the factors that account for patterns in trade and human migration (DOK 2; SS5 1.1)

  • EG.5.E(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe major effects of changes in patterns of the movement of people, products and ideas (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.E(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Identify issues pertaining to the movement of people, products and ideas, and propose, and evaluate ways to address these issues (DOK 4; SS5 3.7, 3.1)

• EG.5.F. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding relationships between and among regions

  • EG.5.F(1). Gle / Proficiency:

    List and explain criteria that give regions their identities in different periods of world history (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.F(2). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how parts of a region relate to each other and to the region as a whole (e.g., states to nation) (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.F(3). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how regions relate to one another (e.g., river-drainage regions) (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

  • EG.5.F(4). Gle / Proficiency:

    Explain how and why regions change (DOK 2; SS5 1.6)

MO.EC.RI.6 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Economics

Relationships of Individual and Groups to Institutions and Traditions: Knowledge of relationships of the individual and groups to institutions and cultural traditions

• RI.6.K. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Ideas and beliefs of different cultures

  • RI.6.K.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Compare and contrast the major ideas and beliefs of different cultures (DOK 2; SS6 1.9)

• RI.6.L. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Changing of roles of various groups

  • RI.6.L.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Analyze how the roles of class, ethnic, racial, gender and age groups have changed in society, including causes and effects (DOK 3; SS6 1.6)

• RI.6.M. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Major social institutions

  • RI.6.M.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Describe the major social institutions (family, education, religion, economy and government) and how they fulfill human needs (DOK 2; SS6 1.9, 1.10)

• RI.6.N. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Consequences of individual or institutional failure

  • RI.6.N.a. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    institutions fail to meet the needs of individuals and groups (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

  • RI.6.N.b. Gle / Proficiency: Predict the consequences that can occur when

    individuals fail to carry out their personal responsibilities (DOK 4; SS6 3.1)

• RI.6.O. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Causes, effects and resolutions of cultural conflict

  • RI.6.O.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Determine the causes, consequences and possible resolutions of cultural conflicts (DOK 3; SS6 3.6)

MO.EC.TS.7 Strand: Big Idea / Standard: Economics

Tools of Social Science Inquiry: Knowledge of the use of tools of social science inquiry (such as surveys, statistics, maps and documents)

• TS.7.A. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Identify, select, use, analyze and create appropriate resources for social science inquiry

  • TS.7.A.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between and analyze primary sources and secondary sources (DOK 2; SS7 1.7, 1.5)

• TS.7.B. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Knowledge to create various social studies maps and graphics

  • TS.7.B.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Create maps, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines and political cartoons to assist in analyzing and visualizing concepts in social studies (DOK 3; SS7 1.8, 2.1)

• TS.7.C. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Understanding fact, opinion, bias and points of view in sources

  • TS.7.C.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Distinguish between fact and opinion and analyze sources to recognize bias and points of view (DOK 3; SS7 1.7, 3.5, 3.6)

• TS.7.E. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Developing a research plan and identifying resources

  • TS.7.E.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Develop a research plan and identify appropriate resources for investigating social studies topics (DOK 3; SS7 1.1, 1.4)

• TS.7.F. Concept: Gle / Benchmark:

  Interpreting various social studies resources

  • TS.7.F.a. Gle / Proficiency:

    Interpret maps, statistics, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines, pictures, political cartoons, audiovisual materials, continua, written resources, art and artifacts (DOK 3; SS7 1.5)

MI.4. Strand / Standard Category: World History and Geography - World History and Geography (WHG) Era 4

Expanding and Intensified Hemispheric Interactions, 300 to 1500 C.E./A.D.

• 4.1. Standard: Cross-temporal or Global Expectations

  Analyze important hemispheric interactions and temporal developments during an era of increasing regional power, religious expansion, and the collapse of some empires.

  • 4.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Crisis in the Classical World - Explain the responses to common forces of change that led to the ultimate collapse of classical empires and discuss the consequences of their collapse.

  • 4.1.2. Grade Level Expectation: World Religions - Using historical and modern maps and other documents, analyze the continuing spread of major world religions during this era and describe encounters between religious groups including

    • 4.1.2a. Expectation:

      Islam and Christianity (Roman Catholic and Orthodox) - increased trade and the Crusades

    • 4.1.2b. Expectation:

      Islam and Hinduism in South Asia

    • 4.1.2c. Expectation:

      Continuing tensions between Catholic and Orthodox Christianity

  • 4.1.3. Grade Level Expectation: Trade Networks and Contacts - Analyze the development, interdependence, specialization, and importance of interregional trading systems both within and between societies including

    • 4.1.3a. Expectation:

      Land-based routes across the Sahara, Eurasia and Europe

    • 4.1.3b. Expectation:

      Water-based routes across Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, South China Sea, Red and Mediterranean Seas

• 4.2. Standard: Interregional or Comparative Expectations

  Analyze and compare important hemispheric interactions and cross-regional developments, including the growth and consequences of an interregional system of communication, trade, and culture exchange during an era of increasing regional power and religious expansion.

  • 4.2.1. Grade Level Expectation: Growth of Islam and Dar al-Islam [A country, territory, land, or abode where Muslim sovereignty prevails] - Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including

    • 4.2.1a. Expectation:

      The founding geographic extent of Muslim empires and the artistic, scientific, technological, and economic features of Muslim society

    • 4.2.1b. Expectation:

      Diverse religious traditions of Islam -- Sunni, Shi'a/Shi'ite, Sufi

    • 4.2.1c. Expectation:

      Role of Dar al-Islam as a cultural, political, and economic force in Afro-Eurasia

    • 4.2.1d. Expectation:

      The caliphate as both a religious and political institution, and the persistance of other traditions in the Arab World including Christianity

  • 4.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Unification of Eurasia under the Mongols - Using historical and modern maps, locate and describe the geographic patterns of Mongol conquest and expansion and describe the characteristics of the Pax Mongolica (particularly revival of long-distance trading networks between China and the Mediterranean world).

  • 4.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    The Plague - Using historical and modern maps and other evidence, explain the causes and spread of the Plague and analyze the demographic, economic, social, and political consequences of this pandemic.

• 4.3. Standard: Regional Expectations

  Analyze important regional developments and cultural changes, including the growth of states, towns, and trade in Africa south of the Sahara, Europe, the Americas, and China.

  • 4.3.1. Grade Level Expectation: Africa to 1500 - Describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies and the significant changes in African society by

    • 4.3.1a. Expectation:

      Comparing and contrasting at least two of the major states/civilizations of East, South, and West Africa (Aksum, Swahili Coast, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali, Songhai) in terms of environmental, economic, religious, political, and social structures.

    • 4.3.1b. Expectation:

      Using historical and modern maps to identify the Bantu migration patterns and describe their contributions to agriculture, technology and language.

    • 4.3.1c. Expectation:

      Analyzing the African trading networks by examining trans-Saharan trade in gold and salt and connect these to interregional patterns of trade.

    • 4.3.1d. Expectation:

      Analyzing the development of an organized slave trade within and beyond Africa.

    • 4.3.1e. Expectation:

      Analyzing the influence of Islam and Christianity on African culture and the blending of traditional African beliefs with new ideas from Islam and Christianity.

  • 4.3.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    The Americas to 1500 - Describe the diverse characteristics of early American civilizations and societies in North, Central, and South America by comparing and contrasting the major aspects (government, religion, interactions with the environment, economy, and social life) of American Indian civilizations and societies such as the Maya, Aztec, Inca, Pueblo, and/or Eastern Woodland peoples.

  • 4.3.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    China to 1500 - Explain how Chinese dynasties responded to the internal and external challenges caused by ethnic diversity, physical geography, population growth and Mongol invasion to achieve relative political stability, economic prosperity, and technological innovation.

  • 4.3.4. Grade Level Expectation: The Eastern European System and the Byzantine Empire to 1500 - Analyze restructuring of the Eastern European system including

    • 4.3.4a. Expectation:

      The rise and decline of the Byzantine Empire

    • 4.3.4b. Expectation:

      The region's unique spatial location

    • 4.3.4c. Expectation:

      The region's political, economic, and religious transformations

    • 4.3.4d. Expectation:

      Emerging tensions between East and West

  • 4.3.5. Grade Level Expectation: Western Europe to 1500 - Explain the workings of feudalism, manoralism, and the growth of centralized monarchies and city-states in Europe including

    • 4.3.5a. Expectation:

      The role and political impact of the Roman Catholic Church in European medieval society

    • 4.3.5b. Expectation:

      How agricultural innovation and increasing trade led to the growth of towns and cities

    • 4.3.5c. Expectation:

      The role of the Crusades, 100 Years War, and the Bubonic Plague in the early development of centralized nation-states

    • 4.3.5d. Expectation:

      The cultural and social impact of the Renaissance on Western and Northern Europe

MI.5. Strand / Standard Category: World History and Geography - World History and Geography (WHG) Era 5

The Emergence of the First Global Age, 15th to 18th Centuries

• 5.1. Standard: Cross-temporal or Global Expectations

  Analyze the global impact and significant developments caused by transoceanic travel and the linking of all the major areas of the world by the 18th century.

  • 5.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Emerging Global System - Analyze the impact of increased oceanic travel including changes in the global system of trade, migration, and political power as compared to the previous era.

  • 5.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    World Religions - Use historical and modern maps to analyze major territorial transformations and movements of world religions including the expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain, Christianity to the Americas, and Islam to Southeast Asia, and evaluate the impact of these transformations/movements on the respective human systems.

• 5.2. Standard: Interregional or Comparative Expectations

  Analyze the impact of oceanic travel on interregional interactions.

  • 5.2.1. Grade Level Expectation: European Exploration/Conquest and Columbian Exchange - Analyze the demographic, environmental, and political consequences of European oceanic travel and conquest and of the Columbian Exchange in the late 15th and 16th centuries by

    • 5.2.1a. Expectation:

      Describing the geographic routes used in the exchange of plants, animals, and pathogens among the continents in the late 15th and the 16th centuries.

    • 5.2.1b. Expectation:

      Explaining how forced and free migrations of peoples (push/pull factors) and the exchange of plants, animals, and pathogens impacted the natural environments, political institutions, societies, and commerce of European, Asian, African, and the American societies.

  • 5.2.2. Grade Level Expectation: Trans-African and Trans-Atlantic Slave Systems - Analyze the emerging trans-Atlantic slave system and compare it to other systems of labor existing during this era by

    • 5.2.2a. Expectation:

      Using historical and modern maps and other data to analyze the causes and development of the Atlantic trade system, including economic exchanges, the diffusion of Africans in the Americas (including the Caribbean and South America), and the Middle Passage.

    • 5.2.2b. Expectation:

      Comparing and contrasting the trans-Atlantic slave system with the African slave system and another system of labor existing during this era (e.g., serfdom, indentured servitude, corvee labor, wage labor).

• 5.3. Standard: Regional Content Expectations

  Analyze the important regional developments and cultural changes in Asia, Russia, Europe and the Americas.

  • 5.3.1. Grade Level Expectation: Ottoman Empire through the 18th Century - Analyze the major political, religious, economic, and cultural transformations in the Ottoman Empire by

    • 5.3.1a. Expectation:

      Using historical and modern maps to describe the empire's origins (Turkic migrations), geographic expansion, and contraction.

    • 5.3.1b. Expectation:

      Analyzing the impact of the Ottoman rule.

  • 5.3.2. Grade Level Expectation: East Asia through the 18th Century - Analyze the major political, religious, economic, and cultural transformations in East Asia by

    • 5.3.2a. Expectation:

      Analyzing the major reasons for the continuity of Chinese society under the Ming and Qing dynasties, including the role of Confucianism, the civil service, and Chinese oceanic exploration.

    • 5.3.2b. Expectation: Analyzing the changes in Japanese society by describing

      the role of geography in the development of Japan, the policies of the Tokugawa Shogunate, and the influence of China on Japanese society.

  • 5.3.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    South Asia/India through the 18th Century - Analyze the global economic significance of India and the role of foreign influence in the political, religious, cultural, and economic transformations in India and South Asia including the Mughal Empire and the beginnings of European contact.

  • 5.3.4. Grade Level Expectation: Russia through the 18th Century - Analyze the major political, religious, economic, and cultural transformations in Russia including

    • 5.3.4a. Expectation:

      Russian imperial expansion and top-down westernization/modernization.

    • 5.3.4b. Expectation:

      The impact of its unique location relative to Europe and Asia.

    • 5.3.4c. Expectation:

      The political and cultural influence (e.g., written language) of Byzantine Empire, Mongol Empire, and Orthodox Christianity.

  • 5.3.5. Grade Level Expectation: Europe through the 18th Century - Analyze the major political, religious, cultural and economic transformations in Europe by

    • 5.3.5a. Expectation:

      Explaining the origins, growth, and consequences of European overseas expansion, including the development and impact of maritime power in Asia and land control in the Americas.

    • 5.3.5b. Expectation:

      Analyzing transformations in Europe's state structure, including the rising military, bureaucratic, and nationalist power of European states including absolutism

    • 5.3.5c. Expectation:

      Analyzing how the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment contributed to transformations in European society

    • 5.3.5d. Expectation:

      Analyzing the transformation of the European economies including mercantilism, capitalism, and wage labor.

  • 5.3.6. Grade Level Expectation: Latin America through the 18th Century - Analyze colonial transformations in Latin America, including

    • 5.3.6a. Expectation:

      The near-elimination of American Indian civilizations and peoples

    • 5.3.6b. Expectation:

      Social stratifications of the population (e.g., peninsulares, creoles, mestizos)

    • 5.3.6c. Expectation:

      The regional and global role of silver and sugar

    • 5.3.6d. Expectation:

      Resource extraction and the emerging system of labor (e.g., mita, slavery)

MI.6. Strand / Standard Category: World History and Geography - World History and Geography (WHG) Era 6

An Age of Global Revolutions, 18th Century - 1914

• 6.1. Standard: Global or Cross-temporal Expectations

  Evaluate the causes, characteristics, and consequences of revolutions of the intellectual, political and economic structures in an era of increasing global trade and consolidations of power.

  • 6.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Global Revolutions - Analyze the causes and global consequences of major political and industrial revolutions focusing on changes in relative political and military power, economic production, and commerce.

  • 6.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    World-wide Migrations and Population Changes - Analyze the causes and consequences of shifts in world population and major patterns of long-distance migrations of Europeans, Africans, and Asians during this era, including the impact of industrialism, imperialism, changing diets, and scientific advances on worldwide demographic trends.

  • 6.1.3. Grade Level Expectation: Increasing Global Interconnections - Describe increasing global interconnections between societies, through the emergence and spread of ideas, innovations, and commodities including

    • 6.1.3a. Expectation:

      Constitutionalism, communism and socialism, republicanism, nationalism, capitalism, human rights, and secularization.

    • 6.1.3b. Expectation:

      The global spread of major innovations, technologies, and commodities via new global networks.

  • 6.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Changes in Economic and Political Systems - Compare the emerging economic and political systems (industrialism and democracy) with the economic and political systems of the previous era (agriculture and absolutism).

  • 6.1.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Interpreting Europe's Increasing Global Power - Describe Europe's increasing global power between 1500 and 1900, and evaluate the merits of the argument that this rise was caused by factors internal to Europe (e.g., Renaissance, Reformation, demographic, economic, and social changes) or factors external to Europe (e.g., decline of Mughal and Ottoman empires and the decreasing engagement of China and Japan in global interactions).

• 6.2. Standard: Interregional or Comparative Expectations

  Analyze and compare the interregional patterns of nationalism, state-building, and social reform and imperialism.

  • 6.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Political Revolutions - Analyze the Age of Revolutions by comparing and contrasting the political, economic, and social causes and consequences of at least three political and/or nationalistic revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Mexican or other Latin American, or Chinese Revolutions).

  • 6.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Growth of Nationalism and Nation-states - Compare and contrast the rise of the nation-states in a western context (e.g., Germany, Italy) and non-western context (e.g., Meiji Japan).

  • 6.2.3. Grade Level Expectation: Industrialization - Analyze the origins, characteristics and consequences of industrialization across the world by

    • 6.2.3a. Expectation: Comparing and contrasting the process and impact of industrialization in Russia, Japan, and one of the following

      Britain, Germany, United States, or France.

    • 6.2.3b. Expectation:

      Describing the social and economic impacts of industrialization, particularly its effect on women and children, and the rise of organized labor movements.

    • 6.2.3c. Expectation:

      Describing the environmental impacts of industrialization and urbanization.

  • 6.2.4. Grade Level Expectation: Imperialism - Analyze the political, economic, and social causes and consequences of imperialism by

    • 6.2.4a. Expectation:

      Using historical and modern maps and other evidence to analyze and explain the causes and global consequences of nineteenth-century imperialism, including encounters between imperial powers (Europe, Japan) and local peoples in India, Africa, Central Asia, and East Asia.

    • 6.2.4b. Expectation:

      Describing the connection between imperialism and racism, including the social construction of race.

    • 6.2.4c. Expectation:

      Comparing British policies in South Africa and India, French polices in Indochina, and Japanese policies in Asia.

    • 6.2.4d. Expectation:

      Analyze the responses to imperialism by African and Asian peoples.

• 6.3. Standard: Regional Content Expectations

  Analyze the important regional developments and political, economic, and social transformations in Europe, Japan, China, and Africa.

  • 6.3.1. Grade Level Expectation: Europe - Analyze the economic, political, and social transformations in Europe by

    • 6.3.1a. Expectation:

      Analyzing and explaining the impact of economic development on European society.

    • 6.3.1b. Expectation:

      Explaining how democratic ideas and revolutionary conflicts influenced European society, noting particularly their influence on religious institutions, education, family life, and the legal and political position of women

    • 6.3.1c. Expectation:

      Using historical and modern maps to describe how the wars of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods and growing nationalism changed the political geography of Europe and other regions (e.g., Louisiana Purchase).

  • 6.3.2. Grade Level Expectation: East Asia - Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations in East Asia by

    • 6.3.2a. Expectation:

      Explaining key events in the modernization of Japan (Meiji Restoration) and the impact of the Russo-Japanese War.

    • 6.3.2b. Expectation:

      Describing key events in the decline of Qing China, including the Opium Wars and the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions

    • 6.3.3. Expectation:

      Africa - Evaluate the different experiences of African societies north and south of the Sahara with imperialism (e.g., Egypt, Ethiopia and the Congo).

MI.7. Strand / Standard Category: World History and Geography - World History and Geography (WHG) Era 7

Global Crisis and Achievement, 1900-1945

• 7.1. Standard: Global or Cross-temporal Expectations

  Analyze changes in global balances of military, political, economic, and technological power and influence in the first half of the 20th century.

  • 7.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Increasing Government and Political Power - Explain the expanding role of state power in managing economies, transportation systems, and technologies, and other social environments, including its impact of the daily lives of their citizens.

  • 7.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Comparative Global Power - Use historical and modern maps and other sources to analyze and explain the changes in the global balance of military, political, and economic power between 1900 and 1945 (including the changing role of the United States and those resisting foreign domination).

  • 7.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Twentieth Century Genocide - Use various sources including works of journalists, journals, oral histories, films, interviews, and writings of participants to analyze the causes and consequences of the genocides of Armenians, Romas (Gypsies), and Jews, and the mass exterminations of Ukrainians and Chinese.

  • 7.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Global Technology - Describe significant technological innovations and scientific breakthroughs in transportation, communication, medicine, and warfare and analyze how they both benefited and imperiled humanity.

  • 7.1.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Total War - Compare and contrast modern warfare and its resolution with warfare in the previous eras; include analysis of the role of technology and civilians.

• 7.2. Standard: Interregional or Comparative Expectations

  Assess the interregional causes and consequences of the global wars and revolutionary movements during this era.

  • 7.2.1. Grade Level Expectation: World War I - Analyze the causes, characteristics, and long-term consequences of World War I by

    • 7.2.1a. Expectation:

      Analyzing the causes of the war including nationalism, industrialization, disputes over territory, systems of alliances, imperialism, and militarism

    • 7.2.1b. Expectation:

      Analyzing the distinctive characteristics and impacts of the war on the soldiers and people at home

    • 7.2.1c. Expectation:

      Explaining the major decisions made in the Versailles Treaty and analyzing its spatial and political consequences, including the mandate system, reparations, and national self-determination around the globe

  • 7.2.2. Grade Level Expectation: Inter-war Period - Analyze the transformations that shaped world societies between World War I and World War II by

    • 7.2.2a. Expectation:

      Examining the causes and consequences of the economic depression on different regions, nations, and the globe

    • 7.2.2b. Expectation:

      Describing and explaining the rise of fascism and the spread of communism in Europe and Asia

    • 7.2.2c. Expectation:

      Comparing and contrasting the rise of nationalism in China, Turkey, and India

  • 7.2.3. Grade Level Expectation: World War II - Analyze the causes, course, characteristics, and immediate consequences of World War II by

    • 7.2.3a. Expectation:

      Explaining the causes of World War II, including aggression and conflict appeasement that led to war in Europe and Asia (e.g., Versailles Treaty provisions, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, Spanish Civil War, rape of Nanjing, annexation of Austria & Sudetenland)

    • 7.2.3b. Expectation:

      Explaining the Nazi ideology, policies, and consequences of the Holocaust (or Shoah)

    • 7.2.3c. Expectation:

      Analyzing the major turning points and unique characteristics of the war

    • 7.2.3d. Expectation:

      Explaining the spatial and political impact of the Allied negotiations on the nations of Eastern Europe and the world

    • 7.2.3e. Expectation:

      Analyzing the immediate consequences of the war's end including the devastation, effects on population, dawn of the atomic age, the occupation of Germany and Japan

    • 7.2.3f. Expectation:

      Describing the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as global superpowers

  • 7.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Revolutionary and/or Independence Movements - Compare two revolutionary and/or Independence movements of this era (Latin America, India, China, the Arab World, and Africa) with at least one from the previous era.

• 7.3. Standard: Regional Content Expectations

  Explain regional continuity and change in Russia, Asia, the Americas, the Middle East, and Africa.

  • 7.3.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Russian Revolution - Determine the causes and results of the Russian Revolution from the rise of Bolsheviks through the conclusion of World War II, including the five-year plans, collectivization of agriculture, and military purges.

  • 7.3.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Europe and Rise of Fascism and Totalitarian States - Compare the ideologies, policies, and governing methods of at least two 20th-century dictatorial regimes (Germany, Italy, Spain, and the Soviet Union) with those absolutist states in earlier eras.

  • 7.3.3. Grade Level Expectation: Asia - Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations that occurred in this era, including

    • 7.3.3a. Expectation:

      Japanese imperialism

    • 7.3.3b. Expectation:

      Chinese nationalism, the emergence of communism, and civil war

    • 7.3.3c. Expectation:

      Indian independence struggle

  • 7.3.4. Grade Level Expectation: The Americas - Analyze the political, economic and social transformations that occurred in this era, including

    • 7.3.4a. Expectation:

      Economic imperialism (e.g., dollar diplomacy)

    • 7.3.4b. Expectation:

      Foreign military intervention and political revolutions in Central and South America

    • 7.3.4c. Expectation:

      Nationalization of foreign investments

  • 7.3.5. Grade Level Expectation: Middle East - Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations that occurred in this era, including

    • 7.3.5a. Expectation:

      The decline of the Ottoman Empire

    • 7.3.5b. Expectation:

      Changes in the Arab world including the growth of Arab nationalism, rise of Arab nation-states, and the increasing complexity (e.g., political, geographic, economic, and religious) of Arab peoples

    • 7.3.5c. Expectation:

      The role of the Mandate system

    • 7.3.5d. Expectation:

      The discovery of petroleum resources

MI.8. Strand / Standard Category: World History and Geography - World History and Geography (WHG) Era 8

The Cold War and Its Aftermath: The 20th Century Since 1945

• 8.1. Standard: Global and Cross-temporal Expectations

  Analyze the global reconfigurations and restructuring of political and economic relationships in the Post-World War II era.

  • 8.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Origins of the Cold War - Describe the factors that contributed to the Cold War including the differences in ideologies and policies of the Soviet bloc and the West; political, economic, and military struggles in the 1940s and 1950s; and development of Communism in China.

  • 8.1.2. Grade Level Expectation: Cold War Conflicts - Describe the major arenas of conflict, including

    • 8.1.2a. Expectation:

      The ways the Soviet Union and the United States attempted to expand power and influence in Korea and Vietnam

    • 8.1.2b. Expectation: Ideological and military competition in THREE of the following areas

      Congo, Cuba, Mozambique, Angola, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Bolivia, Chile, Indonesia, and Berlin

    • 8.1.2c. Expectation:

      The arms and space race

  • 8.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    End of the Cold War - Develop an argument to explain the end of the Cold War and its significance as a 20th-century event, and the subsequent transitions from bi-polar to multi-polar center(s) of power.

  • 8.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Mapping the 20th Century - Using post-WWI, post-WWII, height of Cold War, and current world political maps, explain the changing configuration of political boundaries in the world caused by the World Wars, the Cold War, and the growth of nationalist sovereign states (including Israel, Jordan, Palestine).

• 8.2. Standard: Interregional or Comparative Expectations

  Assess and compare the regional struggles for and against independence, decolonization, and democracy across the world.

  • 8.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    The Legacy of Imperialism - Analyze the complex and changing legacy of imperialism in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America during and after the Cold War such as apartheid, civil war in Nigeria, Vietnam, Cuba, Guatemala, and the changing nature of exploitation of resources (human and natural).

  • 8.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Independence, Decolonization, and Democratization Movements - Compare the independence movements and formation of new nations in the Indian Subcontinent, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia during and after the Cold War.

  • 8.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Middle East - Analyze the interregional causes and consequences of conflicts in the Middle East, including the development of the state of Israel, Arab-Israeli disputes, Palestine, the Suez crisis, and the nature of the continuing conflict.

MI.C. Strand / Standard Category: World History and Geography - Contemporary Global Issues

Evaluate the events, trends and forces that are increasing global interdependence and expanding global networks and evaluate the events, trends and forces that are attempting to maintain or expand autonomy of regional or local networks.

• CG1. Standard: Population

  Explain the causes and consequences of population changes over the past 50 years by analyzing: the:

  • CG1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Population change (including birth rate, death rate, life expectancy, growth rate, doubling time, aging population, changes in science and technology)

  • CG1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Distributions of population (including relative changes in urban-rural population, gender, age, patterns of migrations, and population density)

  • CG1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Relationship of the population changes to global interactions, and their impact on three regions of the world

• CG2. Standard: Resources

  Explain the changes over the past 50 years in the use, distribution, and importance of natural resources (including land, water, energy, food, renewable, non-renewable, and flow resources) on human life, settlement, and interactions by describing: and evaluating:

  • CG2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Change in spatial distribution and use of natural resources

  • CG2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    The differences in ways societies have been using and distributing natural resources

  • CG2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Social, political, economic, and environmental consequences of the development, distribution, and use of natural resources

  • CG2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Major changes in networks for the production, distribution, and consumption of natural resources including growth of multinational corporations, and governmental and non-governmental organizations (e.g., OPEC, NAFTA, EU, NATO, World Trade Organization, Red Cross, Red Crescent)

  • CG2.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    The impact of humans on the global environment

• CG3. Standard: Patterns of Global Interactions

  Define the process of globalization and evaluate the merit of this concept to describe the contemporary world by analyzing:

  • CG3.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Economic interdependence of the world's countries and world trade patterns

  • CG3.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    The exchanges of scientific, technological, and medical innovations

  • CG3.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Cultural diffusion and the different ways cultures/societies respond to ''new'' cultural ideas and patterns

  • CG3.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Comparative economic advantages and disadvantages of regions, regarding cost of labor, natural resources, location, and tradition

  • CG3.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Distribution of wealth and resources and efforts to narrow the inequitable distribution of resources

• CG4. Standard: Conflict, Cooperation, and Security

  Analyze the causes and challenges of continuing and new conflicts by describing:

  • CG4.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Tensions resulting from ethnic, territorial, religious, and/or nationalist differences (e.g., Israel/Palestine, Kashmir, Ukraine, Northern Ireland, al Qaeda, Shining Path)

  • CG4.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Causes of and responses to ethnic cleansing/genocide/mass extermination (e.g., Darfur, Rwanda, Cambodia, Bosnia)

  • CG4.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Local and global attempts at peacekeeping, security, democratization, and administering international justice and human rights

  • CG4.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    The type of warfare used in these conflicts, including terrorism, private militias, and new technologies

MI.F. Strand / Standard Category: U.S. History and Geography - Foundations in U.S. History and Geography

Eras 1-5

• F1. Standard:

  Political and Intellectual Transformations of America to 1877

  • F1.1. Grade Level Expectation: Identify the core ideals of American society as reflected in the documents below and analyze the ways that American society moved toward and/or away from its core ideals

    • F1.1a. Expectation:

      Declaration of Independence

    • F1.1b. Expectation:

      The U.S. Constitution (including the Preamble)

    • F1.1c. Expectation:

      Bill of Rights

    • F1.1d. Expectation:

      The Gettysburg Address

    • F1.1e. Expectation:

      13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

  • F1.2. Grade Level Expectation: Using the American Revolution, the creation and adoption of the Constitution, and the Civil War as touchstones, develop an argument/narrative about the changing character of American political society and the roles of key individuals across cultures in prompting/supporting the change by discussing

    • F1.2a. Expectation:

      The birth of republican government, including the rule of law, inalienable rights, equality, and limited government

    • F1.2b. Expectation:

      The development of governmental roles in American life

    • F1.2c. Expectation:

      And competing views of the responsibilities of governments (federal, state, and local)

    • F1.2d. Expectation:

      Changes in suffrage qualifications

    • F1.2e. Expectation:

      The development of political parties

    • F1.2f. Expectation:

      America's political and economic role in the world

• F2. Standard:

  Geographic, Economic, Social, and Demographic Trends in America to 1877

  • F2.1. Grade Level Expectation: Describe the major trends and transformations in American life prior to 1877 including

    • F2.1a. Expectation:

      Changing political boundaries of the United States

    • F2.1b. Expectation:

      Regional economic differences and similarities, including goods produced and the nature of the labor force

    • F2.1c. Expectation:

      Changes in the size, location, and composition of the population

    • F2.1d. Expectation:

      Patterns of immigration and migration

    • F2.1e. Expectation:

      Development of cities

    • F2.1f. Expectation:

      Changes in commerce, transportation, and communication

    • F2.1g. Expectation:

      Major changes in Foreign Affairs marked by such events as the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, and foreign relations during the Civil War

MI.6. Strand / Standard Category: U.S. History and Geography - U.S. History and Geography (USHG) Era 6

The Development of an Industrial, Urban, and Global United States (1870-1930)

• 6.1. Standard: Growth of an Industrial and Urban America

  Explain the causes and consequences - both positive and negative - of the Industrial Revolution and America's growth from a predominantly agricultural, commercial, and rural nation to a more industrial and urban nation between 1870 and 1930.

  • 6.1.1. Grade Level Expectation: Factors in the American Industrial Revolution - Analyze the factors that enabled the United States to become a major industrial power, including

    • 6.1.1a. Expectation:

      Gains from trade

    • 6.1.1b. Expectation:

      Organizational ''revolution'' (e.g., development of corporations and labor organizations)

    • 6.1.1c. Expectation:

      Advantages of physical geography

    • 6.1.1d. Expectation:

      Increase in labor through immigration and migration

    • 6.1.1e. Expectation:

      Economic polices of government and industrial leaders (including Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller)

    • 6.1.1f. Expectation:

      Technological advances

  • 6.1.2. Grade Level Expectation: Labor's Response to Industrial Growth - Evaluate the different responses of labor to industrial change including

    • 6.1.2a. Expectation:

      Development of organized labor, including the Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor, and the United Mine Workers

    • 6.1.2b. Expectation:

      Southern and western farmers' reactions, including the growth of populism and the populist movement (e.g., Farmers Alliance, Grange, Platform of the Populist Party, Bryan's ''Cross of Gold'' speech)

  • 6.1.3. Grade Level Expectation: Urbanization - Analyze the changing urban and rural landscape by examining

    • 6.1.3a. Expectation:

      The location and expansion of major urban centers

    • 6.1.3b. Expectation:

      The growth of cities linked by industry and trade

    • 6.1.3c. Expectation:

      The development of cities divided by race, ethnicity, and class

    • 6.1.3d. Expectation:

      Resulting tensions among and within groups

    • 6.1.3e. Expectation:

      Different perspectives about immigrant experiences in the urban setting

  • 6.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Population Changes - Use census data from 1790-1940 to describe changes in the composition, distribution, and density of the American population and analyze their causes, including immigration, the Great Migration, and urbanization.

  • 6.1.5. Grade Level Expectation: A Case Study of American Industrialism - Using the automobile industry as a case study, analyze the causes and consequences of this major industrial transformation by explaining

    • 6.1.5a. Expectation:

      The impact of resource availability

    • 6.1.5b. Expectation:

      Entrepreneurial decision making by Henry Ford and others

    • 6.1.5c. Expectation:

      Domestic and international migrations

    • 6.1.5d. Expectation:

      The development of an industrial work force

    • 6.1.5e. Expectation:

      The impact on Michigan

    • 6.1.5f. Expectation:

      The impact on American society

• 6.2. Standard: Becoming a World Power

  Describe and analyze the major changes - both positive and negative - in the role the United States played in world affairs after the Civil War, and explain the causes and consequences of this changing role.

  • 6.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Growth of U.S. Global Power - Locate on a map the territories (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Hawaii, Panama Canal Zone) acquired by the United States during its emergence as an imperial power between 1890 and 1914, and analyze the role the Spanish American War, the Philippine Revolution, the Panama Canal, the Open Door Policy, and the Roosevelt Corollary played in expanding America's global influence and redefining its foreign policy.

  • 6.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    WWI - Explain the causes of World War I, the reasons for American neutrality and eventual entry into the war, and America's role in shaping the course of the war.

  • 6.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Domestic Impact of WWI - Analyze the domestic impact of WWI on the growth of the government (e.g., War Industries Board), the expansion of the economy, the restrictions on civil liberties (e.g., Sedition Act, Red Scare, Palmer Raids), and the expansion of women's suffrage.

  • 6.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Wilson and His Opponents - Explain how Wilson's ''Fourteen Points'' differed from proposals by others, including French and British leaders and domestic opponents, in the debate over the Versailles Treaty, United States participation in the League of Nations, the redrawing of European political boundaries, and the resulting geopolitical tensions that continued to affect Europe.

• 6.3. Standard: Progressivism and Reform

  Select and evaluate major public and social issues emerging from the changes in industrial, urban, and global America during this period; analyze the solutions or resolutions developed by Americans, and their consequences (positive/negative - anticipated/unanticipated) including, but not limited to, the following:

  • 6.3.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Social Issues - Describe at least three significant problems or issues created by America's industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930 (e.g., urban and rural poverty and blight, child labor, immigration, political corruption, public health, poor working conditions, and monopolies).

  • 6.3.2. Grade Level Expectation: Causes and Consequences of Progressive Reform - Analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive reform in the following areas

    • 6.3.2a. Expectation:

      Major changes in the Constitution, including 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments

    • 6.3.2b. Expectation:

      New regulatory legislation (e.g., Pure Food and Drug Act, Sherman and Clayton Anti-Trust Acts)

    • 6.3.2c. Expectation:

      The Supreme Court's role in supporting or slowing reform

    • 6.3.2d. Expectation:

      Role of reform organizations, movements and individuals in promoting change (e.g., Women's Christian Temperance Union, settlement house movement, conservation movement, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Jane Addams, Carrie Chapman Catt, Eugene Debs, W.E.B. DuBois, Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell)

    • 6.3.2e. Expectation:

      Efforts to expand and restrict the practices of democracy as reflected in post-Civil War struggles of African Americans and immigrants

  • 6.3.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Women's Suffrage - Analyze the successes and failures of efforts to expand women's rights, including the work of important leaders (e.g., Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton) and the eventual ratification of the 19th Amendment.

MI.7. Strand / Standard Category: U.S. History and Geography - U.S. History and Geography (USHG) Era 7

The Great Depression and World War II (1920-1945)

• 7.1. Standard: Growing Crisis of Industrial Capitalism and Responses

  Evaluate the key events and decisions surrounding the causes and consequences of the global depression of the 1930s and World War II.

  • 7.1.1. Grade Level Expectation: The Twenties - Identify and explain the significance of the cultural changes and tensions in the ''Roaring Twenties'' including

    • 7.1.1a. Expectation:

      Cultural movements, such as the Harlem Renaissance and the ''lost generation''

    • 7.1.1b. Expectation:

      The struggle between ''traditional'' and ''modern'' America (e.g., Scopes Trial, immigration restrictions, Prohibition, role of women, mass consumption)

  • 7.1.2. Grade Level Expectation: Causes and Consequences of the Great Depression - Explain and evaluate the multiple causes and consequences of the Great Depression by analyzing

    • 7.1.2a. Expectation:

      The political, economic, environmental, and social causes of the Great Depression including fiscal policy, overproduction, under consumption, and speculation, the 1929 crash, and the Dust Bowl

    • 7.1.2b. Expectation:

      The economic and social toll of the Great Depression, including unemployment and environmental conditions that affected farmers, industrial workers and families

    • 7.1.2c. Expectation:

      Hoover's policies and their impact (e.g., Reconstruction Finance Corporation)

  • 7.1.3. Grade Level Expectation: The New Deal - Explain and evaluate Roosevelt's New Deal Policies including

    • 7.1.3a. Expectation:

      Expanding federal government's responsibilities to protect the environment (e.g., Dust Bowl and the Tennessee Valley), meet challenges of unemployment, address the needs of workers, farmers, poor, and elderly

    • 7.1.3b. Expectation:

      Opposition to the New Deal and the impact of the Supreme Court in striking down and then accepting New Deal laws

    • 7.1.3c. Expectation:

      Consequences of New Deal policies (e.g., promoting workers' rights, development of Social Security program, and banking and financial regulation conservation practices, crop subsidies)

• 7.2. Standard: World War II

  Examine the causes and course of World War II, and the effects of the war on United States society and culture, including the consequences for United States involvement in world affairs.

  • 7.2.1. Grade Level Expectation: Causes of WWII - Analyze the factors contributing to World War II in Europe and in the Pacific region, and America's entry into war including

    • 7.2.1a. Expectation:

      The political and economic disputes over territory (e.g., failure of Versailles Treaty, League of Nations, Munich Agreement)

    • 7.2.1b. Expectation:

      The differences in the civic and political values of the United States and those of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan

    • 7.2.1c. Expectation:

      United States neutrality

    • 7.2.1d. Expectation:

      The bombing of Pearl Harbor

  • 7.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    U.S. and the Course of WWII - Evaluate the role of the U.S. in fighting the war militarily, diplomatically and technologically across the world (e.g., Germany First strategy, Big Three Alliance and the development of atomic weapons).

  • 7.2.3. Grade Level Expectation: Impact of WWII on American Life - Analyze the changes in American life brought about by U.S. participation in World War II including

    • 7.2.3a. Expectation:

      Mobilization of economic, military, and social resources

    • 7.2.3b. Expectation:

      Role of women and minorities in the war effort

    • 7.2.3c. Expectation:

      Role of the home front in supporting the war effort (e.g., rationing, work hours, taxes)

    • 7.2.3d. Expectation:

      Internment of Japanese-Americans

  • 7.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Responses to Genocide - Investigate development and enactment of Hitler's ''final solution'' policy, and the responses to genocide by the Allies, the U.S. government, international organizations, and individuals (e.g., liberation of concentration camps, Nuremberg war crimes tribunals, establishment of state of Israel).

MI.8. Strand / Standard Category: U.S. History and Geography - U.S. History and Geography (USHG) Era 8

Post-World War II United States (1945-1989)

• 8.1. Standard: Cold War and the United States

  Identify, analyze, and explain the causes, conditions, and impact of the Cold War Era on the United States.

  • 8.1.1. Grade Level Expectation: Origins and Beginnings of Cold War - Analyze the factors that contributed to the Cold War including

    • 8.1.1a. Expectation:

      Differences in the civic, ideological and political values, and the economic and governmental institutions of the U.S. and U.S.S.R.

    • 8.1.1b. Expectation:

      Diplomatic decisions made at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences (1945)

    • 8.1.1c. Expectation:

      Actions by both countries in the last years of and years following World War II (e.g., the use of the atomic bomb, the Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, North American Treaty Alliance (NATO), and Warsaw Pact)

  • 8.1.2. Grade Level Expectation: Foreign Policy during the Cold War - Evaluate the origins, setbacks, and successes of the American policy of ''containing'' the Soviet Union, including

    • 8.1.2a. Expectation:

      The development of a U.S. national security establishment, composed of the Department of Defense, the Department of State, and the intelligence community

    • 8.1.2b. Expectation:

      The armed struggle with Communism, including the Korean conflict

    • 8.1.2c. Expectation:

      Direct conflicts within specific world regions including Germany and Cuba

    • 8.1.2d. Expectation:

      U.S. involvement in Vietnam, and the foreign and domestic consequences of the war (e.g., relationship/conflicts with U.S.S.R. and China, U.S. military policy and practices, responses of citizens and mass media)

    • 8.1.2e. Expectation:

      Indirect (or proxy) confrontations within specific world regions (e.g., Chile, Angola, Iran, Guatemala)

    • 8.1.2f. Expectation:

      The arms race

  • 8.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    End of the Cold War - Evaluate the factors that led to the end of the cold war including detente, policies of the U.S. and U.S.S.R. and their leaders (President Reagan and Premier Gorbachev), the political breakup of the Soviet Union, and the Warsaw Pact.

• 8.2. Standard: Domestic Policies

  Examine, analyze, and explain demographic changes, domestic policies, conflicts, and tensions in Post- WWII America.

  • 8.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Demographic Changes - Use population data to produce and analyze maps that show the major changes in population distribution, spatial patterns and density, including the Baby Boom, new immigration, suburbanization, reverse migration of African Americans to the South, and the flow of population to the ''Sunbelt.''

  • 8.2.2. Grade Level Expectation: Policy Concerning Domestic Issues - Analyze major domestic issues in the Post-World War II era and the policies designed to meet the challenges by

    • 8.2.2a. Expectation:

      Describing issues challenging Americans such as domestic anticommunism (McCarthyism), labor, poverty, health care, infrastructure, immigration, and the environment

    • 8.2.2b. Expectation:

      Evaluating policy decisions and legislative actions to meet these challenges (e.g., G.I. Bill of Rights (1944), Taft-Hartley Act (1947), Twenty-Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1951), Federal Highways Act (1956), National Defense Act (1957), E.P.A. (1970)

  • 8.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Comparing Domestic Policies - Focusing on causes, programs, and impacts, compare and contrast Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives, Johnson's Great Society programs, and Reagan's market-based domestic policies.

  • 8.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Domestic Conflicts and Tensions - Using core democratic values, analyze and evaluate the competing perspectives and controversies among Americans generated by U.S. Supreme Court decisions (e.g., Roe v Wade, Gideon, Miranda, Tinker, Hazelwood), the Vietnam War (anti-war and counter-cultural movements), environmental movement, women's rights movement, and the constitutional crisis generated by the Watergate scandal.

• 8.3. Standard: Civil Rights in the Post-WWII Era

  Examine and analyze the Civil Rights Movement using key events, people, and organizations.

  • 8.3.1. Grade Level Expectation: Civil Rights Movement - Analyze the key events, ideals, documents, and organizations in the struggle for civil rights by African Americans including

    • 8.3.1a. Expectation:

      The impact of WWII and the Cold War (e.g., racial and gender integration of the military)

    • 8.3.1b. Expectation:

      Supreme Court decisions and governmental actions (e.g., Brown v. Board (1954), Civil Rights Act (1957), Little Rock schools desegregation, Civil Rights Act (1964), Voting Rights Act (1965))

    • 8.3.1c. Expectation:

      Protest movements, organizations, and civil actions (e.g., integration of baseball, Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956), March on Washington (1963), freedom rides, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Nation of Islam, Black Panthers)

    • 8.3.1d. Expectation:

      Resistance to Civil Rights

  • 8.3.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Ideals of the Civil Rights Movement - Compare and contrast the ideas in Martin Luther King's March on Washington speech to the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the Seneca Falls Resolution, and the Gettysburg Address.

  • 8.3.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Women's Rights - Analyze the causes and course of the women's rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s (including role of population shifts, birth control, increasing number of women in the work force, National Organization for Women (NOW), and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)).

  • 8.3.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Civil Rights Expanded - Evaluate the major accomplishments and setbacks in civil rights and liberties for American minorities over the 20th century including American Indians, Latinos/as, new immigrants, people with disabilities, and gays and lesbians.

  • 8.3.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Tensions and Reactions to Poverty and Civil Rights - Analyze the causes and consequences of the civil unrest that occurred in American cities by comparing the civil unrest in Detroit with at least one other American city (e.g., Los Angeles, Cleveland, Chicago, Atlanta, Newark).

MI.9. Strand / Standard Category: U.S. History and Geography - U.S. History and Geography (USHG) Era 9

America in a New Global Age

• 9.1. Standard: The Impact of Globalization on the United States

  Explain the impact of globalization on the United States' economy, politics, society and role in the world.

  • 9.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Economic Changes - Using the changing nature of the American automobile industry as a case study, evaluate the changes in the American economy created by new markets, natural resources, technologies, corporate structures, international competition, new sources and methods of production, energy issues, and mass communication.

  • 9.1.2. Grade Level Expectation: Transformation of American Politics - Analyze the transformation of American politics in the late 20th and early 21st centuries including

    • 9.1.2a. Expectation:

      Growth of the conservative movement in national politics, including the role of Ronald Reagan

    • 9.1.2b. Expectation:

      Role of evangelical religion in national politics

    • 9.1.2c. Expectation:

      Intensification of partisanship

    • 9.1.2d. Expectation:

      Partisan conflict over the role of government in American life

    • 9.1.2e. Expectation:

      Role of regional differences in national politics

• 9.2. Standard: Changes in America's Role in the World

  Examine the shifting role of United States on the world stage during the period from 1980 to the present.

  • 9.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    U.S. in the Post-Cold War World - Explain the role of the United States as a super-power in the post-Cold War world, including advantages, disadvantages, and new challenges (e.g., military missions in Lebanon, Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Gulf War).

  • 9.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    9/11 and Responses to Terrorism - Analyze how the attacks on 9/11 and the response to terrorism have altered American domestic and international policies (including e.g., the Office of Homeland Security, Patriot Act, wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, role of the United States in the United Nations, NATO).

• 9.3. Standard:

  Policy Debates

  • 9.3.1. Grade Level Expectation: Compose a persuasive essay on a public policy issue, and justify the position with a reasoned argument based upon historical antecedents and precedents, and core democratic values or constitutional principles

    • 9.3.1a. Expectation:

      Role of the United States in the world

    • 9.3.1b. Expectation:

      National economic policy

    • 9.3.1c. Expectation:

      Welfare policy

    • 9.3.1d. Expectation:

      Energy policy

    • 9.3.1e. Expectation:

      Health care

    • 9.3.1f. Expectation:

      Education

    • 9.3.1g. Expectation:

      Civil rights

MI.C1. Strand / Standard Category: Civics - Conceptual Foundations of Civic and Political Life

• 1.1. Standard: Nature of Civic Life, Politics, and Government

  Explain the meaning of civic life, politics, and government through the investigation of such questions as: What is civic life? What are politics? What is government? What are the purposes of politics and government?

  • 1.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify roles citizens play in civic and private life, with emphasis on leadership.

  • 1.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain and provide examples of the concepts ''power,'' ''legitimacy,'' ''authority,'' and ''sovereignty.''

  • 1.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and explain competing arguments about the necessity and purposes of government (such as to protect inalienable rights, promote the general welfare, resolve conflicts, promote equality, and establish justice for all).

  • 1.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the purposes of politics, why people engage in the political process, and what the political process can achieve (e.g., promote the greater good, promote self-interest, advance solutions to public issues and problems, achieve a just society).

• 1.2. Standard: Alternative Forms of Government

  Describe constitutional government and contrast it with other forms of government through the investigation of such questions as: What are essential characteristics of limited and unlimited government? What is constitutional government? What forms can a constitutional government take?

  • 1.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify, distinguish among, and provide examples of different forms of governmental structures including anarchy, monarchy, military junta, aristocracy, democracy, authoritarian, constitutional republic, fascist, communist, socialist, and theocratic states.

  • 1.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the purposes and uses of constitutions in defining and limiting government, distinguishing between historical and contemporary examples of constitutional governments that failed to limit power (e.g., Nazi Germany and Stalinist Soviet Union) and successful constitutional governments (e.g., contemporary Germany and United Kingdom).

  • 1.2.3. Grade Level Expectation: Compare and contrast parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government by analyzing

    similarities and differences in sovereignty, diffusion of power, and institutional structure.

  • 1.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Compare and contrast direct and representative democracy.

MI.C2. Strand / Standard Category: Civics - Origins and Foundations of Government of the United States of America

• 2.1. Standard: Origins of American Constitutional Government

  Explain the fundamental ideas and principles of American constitutional government and their philosophical and historical origins through investigation of such questions as: What are the philosophical and historical roots of the foundational values of American constitutional government? What are the fundamental principles of American constitutional government?

  • 2.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the historical and philosophical origins of American constitutional government and evaluate the influence of ideas found in the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Mayflower Compact, Iroquois Confederation, Northwest Ordinance, Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and selected Federalist Papers (such as the 10th, 14th, 51st), John Locke's Second Treatise, Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, Paine's Common Sense.

  • 2.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the significance of the major debates and compromises underlying the formation and ratification of American constitutional government including the Virginia and New Jersey plans, the Great Compromise, debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists, debates over slavery, and the promise for a bill of rights after ratification.

  • 2.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain how the Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights reflected political principles of popular sovereignty, rule of law, checks and balances, separation of powers, social compact, natural rights, individual rights, separation of church and state, republicanism and federalism.

  • 2.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain challenges and modifications to American constitutional government as a result of significant historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, expansion of suffrage, the Great Depression, and the civil rights movement.

• 2.2. Standard: Foundational Values and Constitutional Principles of American Government

  Explain how the American idea of constitutional government has shaped a distinctive American society through the investigation of such questions as: How have the fundamental values and principles of American constitutional government shaped American society?

  • 2.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and explain the fundamental values of America's constitutional republic (e.g., life, liberty, property, the pursuit of happiness, the common good, justice, equality, diversity, authority, participation, and patriotism) and their reflection in the principles of the United States Constitution (e.g., popular sovereignty, republicanism, rule of law, checks and balances, separation of powers, and federalism).

  • 2.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain and evaluate how Americans, either through individual or collective actions, use constitutional principles and fundamental values to narrow gaps between American ideals and reality with respect to minorities, women, and the disadvantaged.

  • 2.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Use past and present policies to analyze conflicts that arise in society due to competing constitutional principles or fundamental values (e.g., liberty and authority, justice and equality, individual rights, and the common good).

  • 2.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze and explain ideas about fundamental values like liberty, justice, and equality found in a range of documents (e.g., Martin Luther King's ''I Have a Dream'' speech and ''Letter from Birmingham City Jail,'' the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Declaration of Sentiments, the Equal Rights Amendment, and the Patriot Act).

  • 2.2.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Use examples to investigate why people may agree on constitutional principles and fundamental values in the abstract, yet disagree over their meaning when they are applied to specific situations.

MI.C3. Strand / Standard Category: Civics - Structure and Functions of Government in the United States of America

• 3.1. Standard: Structure, Functions, and Enumerated Powers of National Government

  Describe how the national government is organized and what it does through the investigation of such questions as: What is the structure of the national government? What are the functions of the national government? What are its enumerated powers?

  • 3.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the purposes, organization, functions, and processes of the legislative branch as enumerated in Article I of the Constitution.

  • 3.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the purposes, organization, functions, and processes of the executive branch as enumerated in Article II of the Constitution.

  • 3.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the purposes, organization, functions, and processes of the judicial branch as enumerated in Article III of the Constitution.

  • 3.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify the role of independent regulatory agencies in the federal bureaucracy (e.g., Federal Reserve Board, Food and Drug Administration, Federal Communications Commission).

  • 3.1.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Use case studies or examples to examine tensions between the three branches of government (e.g., powers of the purse and impeachment, advise and consent, veto power, and judicial review).

  • 3.1.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate major sources of revenue for the national government, including the constitutional provisions for taxing its citizens.

  • 3.1.7. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain why the federal government is one of enumerated powers while state governments are those of reserved powers.

• 3.2. Standard: Powers and Limits on Powers

  Identify how power and responsibility are distributed, shared, and limited in American constitutional government through the investigation of such questions as: How are power and responsibility distributed, shared, and limited in the government established by the United States Constitution?

  • 3.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain how the principles of enumerated powers, federalism, separation of powers, bicameralism, checks and balances, republicanism, rule of law, individual rights, inalienable rights, separation of church and state, and popular sovereignty serve to limit the power of government.

  • 3.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Use court cases to explain how the Constitution is maintained as the supreme law of the land (e.g., Marbury v. Madison, Gibbons v. Ogden, McCulloch v. Maryland).

  • 3.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify specific provisions in the Constitution that limit the power of the federal government.

  • 3.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the role of the Bill of Rights and each of its amendments in restraining the power of government over individuals.

  • 3.2.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the role of subsequent amendments to the Constitution in extending or limiting the power of government, including the Civil War/Reconstruction Amendments and those expanding suffrage.

• 3.3. Standard: Structure and Functions of State and Local Governments

  Describe how state and local governments are organized and what they do through the investigation of such questions as: What are the structures and functions of state and local government?

  • 3.3.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe limits the U.S. Constitution places on powers of the states (e.g., prohibitions against coining money, impairing interstate commerce, making treaties with foreign governments) and on the federal government's power over the states (e.g., federal government cannot abolish a state, Tenth Amendment reserves powers to the states).

  • 3.3.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and define states' reserved and concurrent powers.

  • 3.3.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the tension among federal, state, and local governmental power using the necessary and proper clause, the commerce clause, and the Tenth Amendment.

  • 3.3.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe how state and local governments are organized, their major responsibilities, and how they affect the lives of citizens.

  • 3.3.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the mechanisms by which citizens monitor and influence state and local governments (e.g., referendum, initiative, recall).

  • 3.3.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the major sources of revenue for state and local governments.

  • 3.3.7. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the role of state constitutions in state governments.

• 3.4. Standard: System of Law and Laws

  Explain why the rule of law has a central place in American society through the investigation of such questions as: What is the role of law in the American political system? What is the importance of law in the American political system?

  • 3.4.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain why the rule of law has a central place in American society (e.g., Supreme Court cases like Marbury v. Madison and U.S. v. Nixon; practices such as submitting bills to legal counsel to ensure congressional compliance with the law).

  • 3.4.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe what can happen in the absence or breakdown of the rule of law (e.g., Ku Klux Klan attacks, police corruption, organized crime, interfering with the right to vote, and perjury).

  • 3.4.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the meaning and importance of equal protection of the law (e.g., the 14th Amendment, Americans with Disabilities Act, equal opportunity legislation).

  • 3.4.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe considerations and criteria that have been used to deny, limit, or extend protection of individual rights (e.g., clear and present danger, time, place and manner restrictions on speech, compelling government interest, security, libel or slander, public safety, and equal opportunity).

  • 3.4.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the various levels and responsibilities of courts in the federal and state judicial system and explain the relationships among them.

• 3.5. Standard: Other Actors in the Policy Process

  Describe the roles of political parties, interest groups, the media, and individuals in determining and shaping public policy through the investigation of such questions as: What roles do political parties, interest groups, the media, and individuals play in the development of public policy?

  • 3.5.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain how political parties, interest groups, the media, and individuals can influence and determine the public agenda.

  • 3.5.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the origin and the evolution of political parties and their influence.

  • 3.5.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and explain the roles of various associations and groups in American politics (e.g., political organizations, political action committees, interest groups, voluntary and civic associations, professional organizations, unions, and religious groups).

  • 3.5.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the concept of public opinion, factors that shape it, and contrasting views on the role it should play in public policy.

  • 3.5.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the actual influence of public opinion on public policy.

  • 3.5.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the significance of campaigns and elections in American politics, current criticisms of campaigns, and proposals for their reform.

  • 3.5.7. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the role of television, radio, the press, and the internet in political communication.

  • 3.5.8. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate, take, and defend positions about the formation and implementation of a current public policy issue, and examine ways to participate in the decision making process about the issue.

  • 3.5.9. Grade Level Expectation:

    In making a decision on a public issue, analyze various forms of political communication (e.g., political cartoons, campaign advertisements, political speeches, and blogs) using criteria like logical validity, factual accuracy and/or omission, emotional appeal, distorted evidence, and appeals to bias or prejudice.

MI.C4. Strand / Standard Category: Civics - The United States of America and World Affairs

• 4.1. Standard: Formation and Implementation of U.S. Foreign Policy

  Describe the formation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy through such questions as: How is foreign policy formed and implemented in American constitutional government?

  • 4.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and evaluate major foreign policy positions that have characterized the United States' relations with the world (e.g., isolated nation, imperial power, world leader) in light of foundational values and principles, provide examples of how they were implemented and their consequences (e.g., Spanish- American War, Cold War containment).

  • 4.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the process by which United States foreign policy is made, including the powers the Constitution gives to the president; Congress and the judiciary; and the roles federal agencies, domestic interest groups, the public, and the media play in foreign policy.

  • 4.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the means used to implement U.S. foreign policy with respect to current or past international issues (e.g., diplomacy, economic, military and humanitarian aid, treaties, sanctions, military intervention, and covert action).

  • 4.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Using at least two historical examples, explain reasons for, and consequences of, conflicts that arise when international disputes cannot be resolved peacefully.

• 4.2. Standard: U.S. Role in International Institutions and Affairs

  Identify the roles of the United States of America in international institutions and affairs through the investigation of such questions as: What is the role of the United States in international institutions and affairs?

  • 4.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe how different political systems interact in world affairs with respect to international issues.

  • 4.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the impact of American political, economic, technological, and cultural developments on other parts of the world (e.g., immigration policies, economic, military and humanitarian aid, computer technology research, popular fashion, and film).

  • 4.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze the impact of political, economic, technological, and cultural developments around the world on the United States (e.g., terrorism, emergence of regional organizations like the European Union, multinational corporations, and interdependent world economy).

  • 4.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify the purposes and functions of governmental and non-governmental international organizations, and the role of the United States in each (e.g., the United Nations, NATO, World Court, Organization of American States, International Red Cross, Amnesty International).

  • 4.2.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the role of the United States in important bilateral and multilateral agreements (e.g., NAFTA, Helsinki Accords, Antarctic Treaty, Most Favored Nation Agreements, and the Kyoto Protocol).

  • 4.2.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the impact of American political ideas and values on other parts of the world (e.g., American Revolution, fundamental values and principles expressed in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution).

MI.C5. Strand / Standard Category: Civics - Citizenship in the United States of America

• 5.1. Standard: The Meaning of Citizenship in the United States of America

  Describe the meaning of citizenship in the United States through the investigation of such questions as: What is the meaning of citizenship in the United States? What are the rights, responsibilities, and characteristics of citizenship in the United States?

  • 5.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Using examples, explain the idea and meaning of citizenship in the United States of America, and the rights and responsibilities of American citizens (e.g., people participate in public life, know about the laws that govern society, respect and obey those laws, participate in political life, stay informed and attentive about public issues, and voting).

  • 5.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Compare the rights of citizenship Americans have as a member of a state and the nation.

• 5.2. Standard: Becoming a Citizen

  Describe how one becomes a citizen in the United States through birth or naturalization by investigating the question: How does one become a citizen in the United States?

  • 5.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain the distinction between citizens by birth, naturalized citizens, and non-citizens.

  • 5.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the distinction between legal and illegal immigration and the process by which legal immigrants can become citizens.

  • 5.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the criteria used for admission to citizenship in the United States and how Americans expanded citizenship over the centuries (e.g., removing limitations of suffrage).

• 5.3. Standard: Rights of Citizenship

  Identify the rights of citizenship by investigating the question: What are the personal, political, and economic rights of citizens in the United States?

  • 5.3.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and explain personal rights (e.g., freedom of thought, conscience, expression, association, movement and residence, the right to privacy, personal autonomy, due process of law, free exercise of religion, and equal protection of the law).

  • 5.3.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and explain political rights (e.g., freedom of speech, press, assembly, and petition; and the right to vote and run for public office).

  • 5.3.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and explain economic rights (e.g., the right to acquire, use, transfer, and dispose of property, choose one's work and change employment, join labor unions and professional associations, establish and operate a business, copyright protection, enter into lawful contracts, and just compensation for the taking of private property for public use).

  • 5.3.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the relationship between personal, political, and economic rights and how they can sometimes conflict.

  • 5.3.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain considerations and criteria commonly used in determining what limits should be placed on specific rights.

  • 5.3.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the rights protected by the First Amendment, and using case studies and examples, explore the limit and scope of First Amendment rights.

  • 5.3.7. Grade Level Expectation:

    Using the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Amendments, describe the rights of the accused; and using case studies and examples, explore the limit and scope of these rights.

  • 5.3.8. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain and give examples of the role of the Fourteenth Amendment in extending the protection of individual rights against state action.

  • 5.3.9. Grade Level Expectation:

    Use examples to explain why rights are not unlimited and absolute.

• 5.4. Standard: Responsibilities of Citizenship

  Identify the responsibilities associated with citizenship in the United States and the importance of those responsibilities in a democratic society through the investigation of questions such as: What are the responsibilities associated with citizenship in the United States? Why are those experiences considered important to the preservation of American constitutional government?

  • 5.4.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Distinguish between personal and civic responsibilities and describe how they can sometimes conflict with each other.

  • 5.4.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the importance of citizens' civic responsibilities including obeying the law, being informed and attentive to public issues, monitoring political leaders and governmental agencies, assuming leadership when appropriate, paying taxes, registering to vote and voting knowledgeably on candidates and issues, serving as a juror, serving in the armed forces, performing public service.

  • 5.4.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain why meeting personal and civic responsibilities is important to the preservation and improvement of American constitutional democracy.

• 5.5. Standard: Dispositions of Citizenship

  Explain why particular dispositions in citizens are considered important to the preservation of American constitutional government by investigating the question: What dispositions or character traits are considered important to the preservation of American constitutional government?

  • 5.5.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe dispositions people think lead citizens to become independent members of society (e.g., self-discipline, self-governance, and a sense of individual responsibility) and thought to foster respect for individual worth and human dignity (e.g., respect for individual rights and choice, and concern for the well-being of others).

  • 5.5.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the dispositions thought to encourage citizen involvement in public affairs (e.g., ''civic virtue'' or attentiveness to and concern for public affairs; patriotism or loyalty to values and principles underlying American constitutional democracy) and to facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in public affairs (e.g., civility, respect for the rights of other individuals, respect for law, honesty, open-mindedness, negotiation and compromise; persistence, civic mindedness, compassion, patriotism, courage, and tolerance for ambiguity).

  • 5.5.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Explain why the development of citizens as independent members of society who are respectful of individual worth and human dignity, inclined to participate in public affairs, and are thoughtful and effective in their participation, is important to the preservation and improvement of American constitutional democracy.

MI.C6. Strand / Standard Category: Civics - Citizenship in Action

• 6.1. Standard: Civic Inquiry and Public Discourse

  Use forms of inquiry and construct reasoned arguments to engage in public discourse around policy and public issues by investigating the question: How can citizens acquire information, solve problems, make decisions, and defend positions about public policy issues?

  • 6.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify and research various viewpoints on significant public policy issues.

  • 6.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Locate, analyze, and use various forms of evidence, information, and sources about a significant public policy issue, including primary and secondary sources, legal documents (e.g., Constitutions, court decisions, state law), non-text based information (e.g., maps, charts, tables, graphs, and cartoons), and other forms of political communication (e.g., oral political cartoons, campaign advertisements, political speeches, and blogs).

  • 6.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Develop and use criteria (e.g., logical validity, factual accuracy and/or omission, emotional appeal, credibility, unstated assumptions, logical fallacies, inconsistencies, distortions, and appeals to bias or prejudice, overall strength of argument) in analyzing evidence and position statements.

  • 6.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Address a public issue by suggesting alternative solutions or courses of action, evaluating the consequences of each, and proposing an action to address the issue or resolve the problem.

  • 6.1.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Make a persuasive, reasoned argument on a public issue and support using evidence (e.g., historical and contemporary examples), constitutional principles, and fundamental values of American constitutional democracy; explain the stance or position.

• 6.2. Standard: Participating in Civic Life

  Describe multiple opportunities for citizens to participate in civic life by investigating the question: How can citizens participate in civic life?

  • 6.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe the relationship between politics and the attainment of individual and public goals (e.g., how individual interests are fulfilled by working to achieve collective goals).

  • 6.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Distinguish between and evaluate the importance of political participation and social participation.

  • 6.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe how, when, and where individuals can participate in the political process at the local, state, and national levels (including, but not limited to voting, attending political and governmental meetings, contacting public officials, working in campaigns, community organizing, demonstrating or picketing, boycotting, joining interest groups or political action committees); evaluate the effectiveness of these methods of participants.

  • 6.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Participate in a real or simulated election, and evaluate the results, including the impact of voter turnout and demographics.

  • 6.2.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe how citizen movements seek to realize fundamental values and principles of American constitutional democracy.

  • 6.2.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Analyze different ways people have used civil disobedience, the different forms civil disobedience might take (e.g., violent and non-violent) and their impact.

  • 6.2.7. Grade Level Expectation:

    Participate in a service-learning project, reflect upon experiences, and evaluate the value of the experience to the American ideal of participation.

  • 6.2.8. Grade Level Expectation:

    Describe various forms and functions of political leadership and evaluate the characteristics of an effective leader.

  • 6.2.9. Grade Level Expectation:

    Evaluate the claim that constitutional democracy requires the participation of an attentive, knowledgeable, and competent citizenry.

  • 6.2.10. Grade Level Expectation:

    Participate in a real or simulated public hearing or debate and evaluate the role of deliberative public discussions in civic life.

  • 6.2.11. Grade Level Expectation:

    Identify typical issues, needs, or concerns of citizens (e.g., seeking variance, zoning changes, information about property taxes), and actively demonstrate ways citizens might use local governments to resolve issues or concerns.

MI.E1. Strand / Standard Category: Economics - The Market Economy

• 1.1. Standard: Individual, Business, and Government Choices

  Explain and demonstrate how economic organizations confront scarcity and market forces when organizing, producing, using, and allocating resources to supply the marketplace.

  • 1.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Scarcity, Choice, Opportunity Costs, and Comparative Advantage - Using examples, explain how scarcity, choice, opportunity costs affect decisions that households, businesses, and governments make in the market place and explain how comparative advantage creates gains from trade.

  • 1.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Entrepreneurship - Identify the risks, returns and other characteristics of entrepreneurship that bear on its attractiveness as a career.

• 1.2. Standard: Competitive Markets

  Analyze how the functions and constraints of business structures, the role of price in the market, and relationships of investment to productivity and growth, impact competitive markets.

  • 1.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Business Structures - Compare and contrast the functions and constraints facing economic institutions including small and large businesses, labor unions, banks, and households.

  • 1.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Price in the Market - Analyze how prices send signals and provide incentives to buyers and sellers in a competitive market.

  • 1.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Investment, Productivity and Growth - Analyze the role investments in physical (e.g., technology) and human capital (e.g., education) play in increasing productivity and how these influence the market.

• 1.3. Standard: Prices, Supply, and Demand

  Compare how supply, demand, price, equilibrium, elasticity, and incentives affect the workings of a market.

  • 1.3.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Law of Supply - Explain the law of supply and analyze the likely change in supply when there are changes in prices of the productive resources (e.g., labor, land, capital including technology), or the profit opportunities available to producers by selling other goods or services, or the number of sellers in a market.

  • 1.3.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Law of Demand - Explain the law of demand and analyze the likely change in demand when there are changes in prices of the goods or services, availability of alternative (substitute or complementary) goods or services, or changes in the number of buyers in a market created by such things as change in income or availability of credit.

  • 1.3.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Price, Equilibrium, Elasticity, and Incentives - Analyze how prices change through the interaction of buyers and sellers in a market including the role of supply, demand, equilibrium, elasticity, and explain how incentives (monetary and non-monetary) affect choices of households and economic organizations.

• 1.4. Standard: Role of Government in the Market

  Describe the varied ways government can impact the market through policy decisions, protection of consumers, and as a producer and consumer of goods and services, and explain how economic incentives affect government decisions.

  • 1.4.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Public Policy and the Market - Analyze the impact of a change in public policy (such as an increase in the minimum wage, a new tax policy, or a change in interest rates) on consumers, producers, workers, savers, and investors.

  • 1.4.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Government and Consumers - Analyze the role of government in protecting consumers and enforcing contracts, (including property rights), and explain how this role influences the incentives (or disincentives) for people to produce and exchange goods and services.

  • 1.4.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Government Revenue and Services - Analyze the ways in which local and state governments generate revenue (e.g., income, sales, and property taxes) and use that revenue for public services (e.g., parks and highways).

  • 1.4.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Functions of Government - Explain the various functions of government in a market economy including the provision of public goods and services, the creation of currency, the establishment of property rights, the enforcement of contracts, correcting for externalities and market failures, the redistribution of income and wealth, regulation of labor (e.g., minimum wage, child labor, working conditions), and the promotion of economic growth and security.

  • 1.4.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Economic Incentives and Government - Identify and explain how monetary and non-monetary incentives affect government officials and voters and explain how government policies affect the behavior of various people including consumers, savers, investors, workers, and producers.

MI.E2. Strand / Standard Category: Economics - The National Economy of the United States of America

• 2.1. Standard: Understanding National Markets

  Describe inflation, unemployment, output, and growth, and the factors that cause changes in those conditions, and describe the role of money and interest rates in national markets.

  • 2.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Income - Describe how individuals and businesses earn income by selling productive resources.

  • 2.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Circular Flow and the National Economy - Using the concept of circular flow, analyze the roles of and the relationships between households, business firms, financial institutions, and government and non-government agencies in the economy of the United States.

  • 2.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Financial Institutions and Money Supply - Analyze how decisions by the Federal Reserve and actions by financial institutions (e.g., commercial banks, credit unions) regarding deposits and loans, impact the expansion and contraction of the money supply.

  • 2.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Money Supply, Inflation, and Recession - Explain the relationships between money supply, inflation, and recessions.

  • 2.1.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Economic Growth - Use GDP data to measure the rate of economic growth in the United States and identify factors that have contributed to this economic growth

  • 2.1.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Unemployment - Analyze the character of different types of unemployment including frictional, structural, and cyclical.

  • 2.1.7. Grade Level Expectation:

    Economic Indicators - Using a number of indicators, such as GDP, per capita GDP, unemployment rates, and Consumer Price Index, analyze the characteristics of business cycles, including the characteristics of peaks, recessions, and expansions.

  • 2.1.8. Grade Level Expectation:

    Relationship Between Expenditures and Revenue (Circular Flow) - Using the circular flow model, explain how spending on consumption, investment, government and net exports determines national income; explain how a decrease in total expenditures affects the value of a nation's output of final goods and services.

  • 2.1.9. Grade Level Expectation:

    American Economy in the World - Analyze the changing relationship between the American economy and the global economy including, but not limited to, the increasing complexity of American economic activity (e.g., outsourcing, off-shoring, and supply-chaining) generated by the expansion of the global economy.

• 2.2. Standard: Role of Government in the American Economy

  Analyze the role of government in the American economy by identifying macroeconomic goals; comparing perspectives on government roles; analyzing fiscal and monetary policy; and describing the role of government as a producer and consumer of public goods and services. Analyze how governmental decisions on taxation, spending, protections, and regulation impact macroeconomic goals.

  • 2.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Federal Government and Macroeconomic Goals - Identify the three macroeconomic goals of an economic system (stable prices, low unemployment, and economic growth).

  • 2.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Macroeconomic Policy Alternatives - Compare and contrast differing policy recommendations for the role of the Federal government in achieving the macroeconomic goals of stable prices, low unemployment, and economic growth.

  • 2.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Fiscal Policy and its Consequences - Analyze the consequences - intended and unintended - of using various tax and spending policies to achieve macroeconomic goals of stable prices, low unemployment, and economic growth.

  • 2.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy - Explain the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System and compare and contrast the consequences - intended and unintended - of different monetary policy actions of the Federal Reserve Board as a means to achieve macroeconomic goals of stable prices, low unemployment, and economic growth.

  • 2.2.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Government Revenue and Services - Analyze the ways in which governments generate revenue on consumption, income and wealth and use that revenue for public services (e.g., parks and highways) and social welfare (e.g., social security, Medicaid, Medicare).

MI.E3. Strand / Standard Category: Economics - The International Economy

• 3.1. Standard: Economic Systems

  Explain how different economic systems, including free market, command, and mixed systems, coordinate and facilitate the exchange, production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

  • 3.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Major Economic Systems - Give examples of and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of major economic systems (command, market and mixed), including their philosophical and historical foundations (e.g., Marx and the Communist Manifesto, Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations).

  • 3.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Developing Nations - Assess how factors such as availability of natural resources, investments in human and physical capital, technical assistance, public attitudes and beliefs, property rights and free trade can affect economic growth in developing nations.

  • 3.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    International Organizations and the World Economy - Evaluate the diverse impact of trade policies of the World Trade Organization, World Bank, or International Monetary Fund on developing economies of Africa, Central America, or Asia, and the developed economies of the United States and Western Europe.

  • 3.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    GDP and Standard of Living - Using current and historical data on real per capita GDP for the United States, and at least three other countries (e.g., Japan, Somalia, and South Korea) construct a relationship between real GDP and standard of living.

  • 3.1.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Comparing Economic Systems - Using the three basic economic questions (e.g., what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce), compare and contrast a socialist (command) economy (such as North Korea or Cuba) with the Capitalist as a mixed, free market system of the United States.

  • 3.1.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Impact of Transitional Economies - Analyze the impact of transitional economies, such as in China and India, on the global economy in general and the American economy in particular.

• 3.2. Standard: Economic Interdependence - Trade

  Describe how trade generates economic development and interdependence and analyze the resulting challenges and benefits for individuals, producers, and government.

  • 3.2.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Absolute and Comparative Advantage - Use the concepts of absolute and comparative advantage to explain why goods and services are produced in one nation or locale versus another.

  • 3.2.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Domestic Activity and World Trade - Assess the impact of trade policies (i.e. tariffs, quotas, export subsidies, product standards and other barriers), monetary policy, exchange rates, and interest rates on domestic activity and world trade.

  • 3.2.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Exchange Rates and the World Trade - Describe how interest rates in the United States impact the value of the dollar against other currencies (such as the Euro), and explain how exchange rates affect the value of goods and services of the United States in other markets.

  • 3.2.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Monetary Policy and International Trade - Analyze how the decisions made by a country's central bank (or the Federal Reserve) impact a nation's international trade.

  • 3.2.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    The Global Economy and the Marketplace - Analyze and describe how the global economy has changed the interaction of buyers and sellers, such as in the automobile industry.

MI.E4. Strand / Standard Category: Economics - Personal Finance

• 4.1. Standard: Decision Making

  Describe and demonstrate how the economic forces of scarcity and opportunity costs impact individual and household choices.

  • 4.1.1. Grade Level Expectation:

    Scarcity and Opportunity Costs - Apply concepts of scarcity and opportunity costs to personal financial decision making.

  • 4.1.2. Grade Level Expectation:

    Marginal Benefit and Cost - Use examples and case studies to explain and evaluate the impact of marginal benefit and marginal cost of an activity on choices and decisions.

  • 4.1.3. Grade Level Expectation:

    Personal Finance Strategy - Develop a personal finance strategy for earning, spending, saving and investing resources.

  • 4.1.4. Grade Level Expectation:

    Key Components of Personal Finance - Evaluate key components of personal finance including, money management, saving and investment, spending and credit, income, mortgages, retirement, investing (e.g., 401K, IRAs), and insurance.

  • 4.1.5. Grade Level Expectation:

    Personal Decisions - Use a decision-making model (e.g., stating a problem, listing alternatives, establishing criteria, weighing options, making the decision, and evaluating the result) to evaluate the different aspects of personal finance including careers, savings and investing tools, and different forms of income generation.

  • 4.1.6. Grade Level Expectation:

    Risk Management Plan - Develop a risk management plan that uses a combination of avoidance, reduction, retention, and transfer (insurance).