1-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the making and enforcing of laws as a basic function of government.

1-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the concept of authority and give examples of people in authority, including school officials, public safety officers, and government officials.

1-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate ways that government affects the lives of individuals and families, including taxation that provides services such as public education and health, roads, and security.

1-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the possible consequences of an absence of government.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Interpret information from a variety of social studies resources.(1-2)
2. Identify his or her place in the family, school, and community.
3. Practice responsible citizenship within his or her school, community, and state.
4. Identify political, social, and economic institutions that affect the student, the school, and the community.

1-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Describe the fundamental principles of American democracy, including respect for the rights, opinions, and property of others; fair treatment for all; and respect for the rules by which we live.

1-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify ways that all citizens can serve the common good, including serving as public officials and participating in the election process.

1-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the contributions to democracy that have been made by historic and political figures in the United States, including Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Dorothea Dix, Frederick Douglass, Mary McLeod Bethune, and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Distinguish between past, present, and future time.
2. Interpret information from a variety of social studies resources.(1-3)
3. Demonstrate responsible citizenship within the school and the community.

1-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate different elements of community life, including typical jobs; the interdependence of family, school, and the community; and the common methods of transportation and communication.

1-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the daily lives of families together in America and across the world, including the roles of family members; typical food, clothing, and shelter; and the ways that families earn a living.

1-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify the ways that families and communities in America and around the world cooperate and compromise with one another in order to obtain goods and services to meet their needs and wants.

1-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the concept of scarcity and the way it forces individuals and families to make choices about which goods and services they can obtain.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Identify political, social, and economic institutions that affect the student, the school, and the community.
2. Identify his or her place in the family, school, and community.
3. Explain the importance of the connection between education and success in life.
4. Identify cause-and-effect relationships.

USHC-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy, including the expansion of the franchise, the displacement of Native Americans from the southeast and conflicts over states’ rights and federal power during the era of Jacksonian democracy as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the Mexican Cession.

USHC-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the concept of Manifest Destiny affected the United States’ relationships with foreign powers, including the role of the United States in the Texan Revolution and the Mexican War..

USHC-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the economic development in different regions (the South, the North, and the West) of the United States during the early nineteenth century, including ways that economic policy contributed to political controversies.

USHC-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the social and cultural characteristics of the North, the South, and the West during the antebellum period, including the lives of African Americans and social reform movements such as abolition and women’s rights.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
2. Represent and interpret Earth’s physical and human systems by using maps, mental maps, geographic models, and other social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-2)
3. Compare the ways that different economic systems answer the fundamental questions of what goods and services should be produced, how they should be produced, and who will consume them.
4. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-2)
5. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the relative importance of political events and issues that divided the nation and led to civil war, including the compromises reached to maintain the balance of free and slave states, the abolitionist movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on states’ rights and federal authority, the emergence of the Republican Party, and the formation of the Confederate States of America.

USHC-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the course of the Civil War and its impact on democracy, including the major turning points; the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation; the unequal treatment afforded to African American military units; the geographic, economic, and political factors in the defeat of the Confederacy; and the ultimate defeat of the idea of secession.

USHC-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the effects of Reconstruction on the southern states and on the role of the federal government, including the impact of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments on opportunities for African Americans.

USHC-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the end of Reconstruction, including the role of anti–African American factions and competing national interests in undermining support for Reconstruction; the impact of the removal of federal protection for freedmen; and the impact of Jim Crow laws and voter restrictions on African American rights in the post-Reconstruction era.

USHC-3.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the varied responses of African Americans to the restrictions imposed on them in the post-Reconstruction period, including the leadership and strategies of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, and Ida B. Wells-Barnett.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-3)
4. Analyze and draw conclusions about the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.
5. Explain contemporary patterns of human behavior, culture, and political and economic systems.
6. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
7. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the impact that government policy and the construction of the transcontinental railroads had on the development of the national market and on the culture of Native American peoples.

USHC-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the factors that influenced the economic growth of the United States and its emergence as an industrial power, including the abundance of natural resources; government support and protection in the form of railroad subsidies, tariffs, and labor policies; and the expansion of international markets.

USHC-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role of capitalism and its impact on democracy, including the ascent of new industries, the increasing availability of consumer goods and the rising standard of living, the role of entrepreneurs, the rise of business through monopoly and the influence of business ideologies.

USHC-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the impact of industrial growth and business cycles on farmers, workers, immigrants, labor unions, and the Populist movement and the ways that these groups and the government responded to the economic problems caused by industry and business.

USHC-4.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in late nineteenth-century America, including the movement from farm to city, the changing immigration patterns, the rise of ethnic neighborhoods, the role of political machines, and the migration of African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West.

USHC-4.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive Movement in affecting social and political reforms in America, including the roles of the media and of reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane Addams, and presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze how a scarcity of productive resources affects economic choice.
4. Analyze the role of government in promoting entrepreneurial activity.
5. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-4)
6. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
7. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-5.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the development of American expansionism, including the change from isolationism to intervention and the rationales for imperialism based on Social Darwinism, expanding capitalism, and domestic tensions.

USHC-5.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the influence of the Spanish-American War on the emergence of the United States as a world power, including the role of yellow journalism in the American declaration of war against Spain, United States interests and expansion in the South Pacific, and the debate between pro- and anti-imperialists over annexation of the Philippines.

USHC-5.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize United States foreign policies in different regions of the world during the early twentieth century, including the purposes and effects of the Open Door policy with China, the United States role in the Panama Revolution, Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy,” William Taft’s “dollar diplomacy,” and Woodrow Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” and changing worldwide perceptions of the United States.

USHC-5.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of United States involvement in World War I, including the failure of neutrality and the reasons for the declaration of war, the role of propaganda in creating a unified war effort, the limitation of individual liberties, and Woodrow Wilson’s leadership in the Treaty of Versailles and the creation of the League of Nations.

USHC-5.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the United States rejection of internationalism, including postwar disillusionment, the Senate’s refusal to ratify the Versailles Treaty, the election of 1920, and the role of the United States in international affairs in the 1920s.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-5)
4. Represent and interpret Earth’s physical and human systems by using maps, mental maps, geographic models, and other social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-5)
5. Explain how an interdependent, specialized, and voluntary worldwide trade network affects standards of living and economic growth.
6. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-6.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the impact of the changes in the 1920s on the economy, society, and culture, including the expansion of mass production techniques, the invention of new home appliances, the introduction of the installment plan, the role of transportation in changing urban life, the effect of radio and movies in creating a national mass culture, and the cultural changes exemplified by the Harlem Renaissance.

USHC-6.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and effects of the social change and conflict between traditional and modern culture that took place during the 1920s, including the role of women, the “Red Scare”, the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, immigration quotas, Prohibition, and the Scopes trial.

USHC-6.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and consequences of the Great Depression, including the disparities in income and wealth distribution; the collapse of the farm economy and the effects of the Dust Bowl; limited governmental regulation; taxes, investment; and stock market speculation; policies of the federal government and the Federal Reserve System; and the effects of the Depression on the people.

USHC-6.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the economic crisis of the Great Depression, including the effectiveness of New Deal programs in relieving suffering and achieving economic recovery, in protecting the rights of women and minorities, and in making significant reforms to protect the economy such as Social Security and labor laws.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze how a scarcity of productive resources affects economic choices.
4. Analyze the role of fiscal and regulatory policies in a mixed economy.
5. Explain how the United States government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth.
6. CExplain contemporary patterns of human behavior, culture, and political and economic systems.
7. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-6)

USHC-7.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the decision of the United States to enter World War II, including the nation’s movement from a policy of isolationism to international involvement and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

USHC-7.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the impact of war mobilization on the home front, including consumer sacrifices, the role of women and minorities in the workforce, and limits on individual rights that resulted in the internment of Japanese Americans.

USHC-7.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how controversies among the Big Three Allied leaders over war strategies led to post-war conflict between the United States and the USSR, including delays in the opening of the second front in Europe, the participation of the Soviet Union in the war in the Pacific, and the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

USHC-7.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the economic, humanitarian, and diplomatic effects of World War II, including the end of the Great Depression, the Holocaust, the war crimes trials, and the creation of Israel.

USHC-7.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the impact of the Cold War on national security and individual freedom, including the containment policy and the role of military alliances, the effects of the “Red Scare” and McCarthyism, the conflicts in Korea and the Middle East, the Iron Curtain and the Berlin Wall, the Cuban missile crisis, and the nuclear arms race.

USHC-7.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of social and cultural changes in postwar America, including educational programs, the consumer culture and expanding suburbanization, the advances in medical and agricultural technology that led to changes in the standard of living and demographic patterns, and the roles of women in American society.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-7)

USHC-8.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the African American Civil Rights Movement, including initial strategies, landmark court cases and legislation, the roles of key civil rights advocates and the media, and the influence of the Civil Rights Movement on other groups seeking equality.

USHC-8.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the social and economic policies of presidents Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon, including support for civil rights legislation, programs for the elderly and the poor, environmental protection, and the impact of these policies on politics.

USHC-8.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the development of the war in Vietnam and its impact on American government and politics, including the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the policies of the Johnson administration, protests and opposition to the war, the role of the media, the policies of the Nixon administration, and the growing credibility gap that culminated in the Watergate scandal.

USHC-8.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of the resurgence of the conservative movement, including social and cultural changes of the 1960s and 1970s, Supreme Court decisions on integration and abortion, the economic and social policies of the Reagan administration, and the role of the media.

USHC-8.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize key political and economic issues of the last twenty-five years, including continuing dependence on foreign oil; trade agreements and globalization; health and education reforms; increases in economic disparity and recession; tax policy; the national surplus, debt, and deficits; immigration; presidential resignation/impeachment; and the elections of 2000 and 2008.

USHC-8.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize America’s role in the changing world, including the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the expansion of the European Union, the continuing crisis in the Middle East, and the rise of global terrorism.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-8)
3. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
4. Explain how the United States government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth.

ECON-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how markets are created when voluntary exchanges occur between buyers and sellers.

ECON-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how efficient markets allocate goods, services, and the factors of production in a market-based economy.Explain why the productive resources of land, labor, and capital are limited.

ECON-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how competition among sellers lowers costs and prices.

ECON-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how an economically efficient market allocates goods and services to the buyers who are willing to pay for them.

ECON-2.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how business cycles, market conditions, government policies, and inequalities affect the living standards of individuals and other economic entities.

ECON-2.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how market power enables some market structures to affect their situations to varying degrees and to use this market power to increase prices and reduce output.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the costs and the benefits of economic choices made by a particular society and explain how those choices affect overall economic well-being.
2. Compare the ways that different economic systems answer the fundamental questions of what goods and services should be produced, how they should be produced, and who will consume them.

ECON-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain that institutions in a market economy help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.

ECON-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how money and the consequent banking system facilitate trade, historically and currently.

ECON-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how real interest rates adjust savings with borrowing, thus affecting the allocation of scarce resources between present and future users.

ECON-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Use a circular flow diagram to explain how changes in economic activity affect households and businesses.

ECON-3.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the federal government regulates the American economy in order to provide economic security, full employment, and economic equity.

ECON-3.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how economic indicators are used to evaluate changes in economic activity.

ECON-3.7. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate the relationships among business cycles and unemployment, growth, price levels, wage rates, and investment.

ECON-3.8. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the Federal Reserve regulates the amount of cash that banks can acquire and retain and therefore helps to provide a foundation for economic stability.

ECON-3.9. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Exemplify how government, in a market economy, provides for services that private markets fail to provide and thus the costs of government policies often exceed benefits.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain how the United States government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth.
2. Analyze the role of the government in promoting entrepreneurial activity.
3. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.

ECON-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize how differing factor endowments—such as geography, the development of technology, and the abundance of labor—affect the goods and services in which a nation specializes.

ECON-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the United States specializes in the production of those goods and services in which it has a comparative advantage.

ECON-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the rise of a global marketplace contributes to the well-being of all societies but the benefits derived from globalization are unequal.

ECON-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how a global marketplace influences domestic labor markets, wage rates, unemployment levels, and disparities in earning potentials.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain how political, social, and economic institutions are similar or different across time and/or throughout the world.
2. Compare the ways that different economic systems answer the fundamental questions of what goods and services should be produced, how they should be produced, and who will consume them.
3. Explain how an interdependent, specialized, and voluntary worldwide trade network affects a nation’s standard of living and economic growth.

ECON-5.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how individuals make personal economic decisions and how current spending and acquisition of debt can impact future income.

ECON-5.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain that income for most people is determined by the market value of the productive resources they sell.

ECON-5.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how wage rates for most workers depend upon the market value of what the workers produce for the marketplace.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain the use of a budget in making personal economic decisions and planning for the future.
2. Illustrate the fact that some choices provide greater benefits than others.
3. Explain how investment in human capital such as health, education, and training leads to economic growth.

USG-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize core principles of United States government, including limited government, federalism, checks and balances, separation of powers, rule of law, popular sovereignty, republicanism, individual rights, freedom, equality, and self-government.

USG-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze developmental influences on the core political principles of American government, including Greek democracy, Roman republicanism, the Judeo-Christian heritage, and the European philosophers John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu, and William Blackstone.

USG-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the British heritage that fostered development of the core political principles of American government, including the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right (1628), the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact.

USG-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate significant American founding documents in relation to core political principles, including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, state constitutions, the United States Constitution, The Federalist papers, and the Bill of Rights.

USG-2.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate significant American historical documents in relation to the application of core principles (e.g., the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, the Ordinance of Nullification, the Seneca Falls Declaration, the Emancipation Proclamation, Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”), the eleventh through the twenty-seventh amendments to the Constitution, and critical Supreme Court cases.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Model informed participatory citizenship.
2. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
3. Analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims, and beliefs.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.

USG-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the Constitution as the written framework of the United States government, including expression of the core principles of limited government, federalism, checks and balances, separation of powers, rule of law, popular sovereignty, republicanism, individual rights, freedom, equality, and self-government.

USG-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the formal and informal structure, role, responsibilities, and authority of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the national government as the embodiments of constitutional principles.

USG-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze federalism and its application in the United States, including the concepts of enumerated, concurrent, and reserved powers; the meaning of the ninth and tenth amendments; the principle of states’ rights; the promotion of limited government; the protection of individual rights; and the potential for conflict among the levels of government.

USG-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the organization and responsibilities of local and state governments in the United States federal system, including the role of state constitutions, the limitations on state governments, the typical organization of state governments, the relationship between state and local governments, and the major responsibilities of state governments.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain how political, social, and economic institutions are similar or different across time and/or throughout the world.
2. Analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims, and beliefs.
3. Evaluate the validity of multiple points of view or biases by using evidence and sound reasoning.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.

USG-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role of the citizen in the American political process, including civic responsibilities and the interaction between the citizen and government.

USG-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the process of political socialization and its relation to political participation.

USG-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role and function of common avenues utilized by citizens in political participation, including political parties, voting, polls, interest groups, and community service.

USG-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the process through which citizens monitor and influence public policy, including political parties, interest groups, the media, lobbying, donations, issue advocacy, and candidate support.

USG-4.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the importance of civil rights and civil liberties for citizens in American political culture and the protective role of the national government through the Bill of Rights, the judicial system, and the Fourteenth Amendment.

USG-4.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how fundamental values, principles, and rights often conflict within the American political system; why these conflicts arise; and how these conflicts are and can be addressed.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Understand responsible citizenship in relation to the state, national, and international communities.
2. Explain his or her relationship to others in the global community.
3. Explain contemporary patterns of human behavior, culture, and political and economic systems.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.

USHC-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy, including the expansion of the franchise, the displacement of Native Americans from the southeast and conflicts over states’ rights and federal power during the era of Jacksonian democracy as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the Mexican Cession.

USHC-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the concept of Manifest Destiny affected the United States’ relationships with foreign powers, including the role of the United States in the Texan Revolution and the Mexican War..

USHC-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the economic development in different regions (the South, the North, and the West) of the United States during the early nineteenth century, including ways that economic policy contributed to political controversies.

USHC-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the social and cultural characteristics of the North, the South, and the West during the antebellum period, including the lives of African Americans and social reform movements such as abolition and women’s rights.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
2. Represent and interpret Earth’s physical and human systems by using maps, mental maps, geographic models, and other social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-2)
3. Compare the ways that different economic systems answer the fundamental questions of what goods and services should be produced, how they should be produced, and who will consume them.
4. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-2)
5. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the relative importance of political events and issues that divided the nation and led to civil war, including the compromises reached to maintain the balance of free and slave states, the abolitionist movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on states’ rights and federal authority, the emergence of the Republican Party, and the formation of the Confederate States of America.

USHC-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the course of the Civil War and its impact on democracy, including the major turning points; the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation; the unequal treatment afforded to African American military units; the geographic, economic, and political factors in the defeat of the Confederacy; and the ultimate defeat of the idea of secession.

USHC-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the effects of Reconstruction on the southern states and on the role of the federal government, including the impact of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments on opportunities for African Americans.

USHC-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the end of Reconstruction, including the role of anti–African American factions and competing national interests in undermining support for Reconstruction; the impact of the removal of federal protection for freedmen; and the impact of Jim Crow laws and voter restrictions on African American rights in the post-Reconstruction era.

USHC-3.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the varied responses of African Americans to the restrictions imposed on them in the post-Reconstruction period, including the leadership and strategies of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, and Ida B. Wells-Barnett.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-3)
4. Analyze and draw conclusions about the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.
5. Explain contemporary patterns of human behavior, culture, and political and economic systems.
6. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
7. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the impact that government policy and the construction of the transcontinental railroads had on the development of the national market and on the culture of Native American peoples.

USHC-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the factors that influenced the economic growth of the United States and its emergence as an industrial power, including the abundance of natural resources; government support and protection in the form of railroad subsidies, tariffs, and labor policies; and the expansion of international markets.

USHC-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role of capitalism and its impact on democracy, including the ascent of new industries, the increasing availability of consumer goods and the rising standard of living, the role of entrepreneurs, the rise of business through monopoly and the influence of business ideologies.

USHC-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the impact of industrial growth and business cycles on farmers, workers, immigrants, labor unions, and the Populist movement and the ways that these groups and the government responded to the economic problems caused by industry and business.

USHC-4.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in late nineteenth-century America, including the movement from farm to city, the changing immigration patterns, the rise of ethnic neighborhoods, the role of political machines, and the migration of African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West.

USHC-4.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive Movement in affecting social and political reforms in America, including the roles of the media and of reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane Addams, and presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze how a scarcity of productive resources affects economic choice.
4. Analyze the role of government in promoting entrepreneurial activity.
5. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-4)
6. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
7. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-5.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the development of American expansionism, including the change from isolationism to intervention and the rationales for imperialism based on Social Darwinism, expanding capitalism, and domestic tensions.

USHC-5.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the influence of the Spanish-American War on the emergence of the United States as a world power, including the role of yellow journalism in the American declaration of war against Spain, United States interests and expansion in the South Pacific, and the debate between pro- and anti-imperialists over annexation of the Philippines.

USHC-5.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize United States foreign policies in different regions of the world during the early twentieth century, including the purposes and effects of the Open Door policy with China, the United States role in the Panama Revolution, Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy,” William Taft’s “dollar diplomacy,” and Woodrow Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” and changing worldwide perceptions of the United States.

USHC-5.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of United States involvement in World War I, including the failure of neutrality and the reasons for the declaration of war, the role of propaganda in creating a unified war effort, the limitation of individual liberties, and Woodrow Wilson’s leadership in the Treaty of Versailles and the creation of the League of Nations.

USHC-5.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the United States rejection of internationalism, including postwar disillusionment, the Senate’s refusal to ratify the Versailles Treaty, the election of 1920, and the role of the United States in international affairs in the 1920s.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-5)
4. Represent and interpret Earth’s physical and human systems by using maps, mental maps, geographic models, and other social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-5)
5. Explain how an interdependent, specialized, and voluntary worldwide trade network affects standards of living and economic growth.
6. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-6.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the impact of the changes in the 1920s on the economy, society, and culture, including the expansion of mass production techniques, the invention of new home appliances, the introduction of the installment plan, the role of transportation in changing urban life, the effect of radio and movies in creating a national mass culture, and the cultural changes exemplified by the Harlem Renaissance.

USHC-6.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and effects of the social change and conflict between traditional and modern culture that took place during the 1920s, including the role of women, the “Red Scare”, the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, immigration quotas, Prohibition, and the Scopes trial.

USHC-6.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and consequences of the Great Depression, including the disparities in income and wealth distribution; the collapse of the farm economy and the effects of the Dust Bowl; limited governmental regulation; taxes, investment; and stock market speculation; policies of the federal government and the Federal Reserve System; and the effects of the Depression on the people.

USHC-6.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the economic crisis of the Great Depression, including the effectiveness of New Deal programs in relieving suffering and achieving economic recovery, in protecting the rights of women and minorities, and in making significant reforms to protect the economy such as Social Security and labor laws.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze how a scarcity of productive resources affects economic choices.
4. Analyze the role of fiscal and regulatory policies in a mixed economy.
5. Explain how the United States government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth.
6. CExplain contemporary patterns of human behavior, culture, and political and economic systems.
7. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-6)

USHC-7.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the decision of the United States to enter World War II, including the nation’s movement from a policy of isolationism to international involvement and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

USHC-7.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the impact of war mobilization on the home front, including consumer sacrifices, the role of women and minorities in the workforce, and limits on individual rights that resulted in the internment of Japanese Americans.

USHC-7.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how controversies among the Big Three Allied leaders over war strategies led to post-war conflict between the United States and the USSR, including delays in the opening of the second front in Europe, the participation of the Soviet Union in the war in the Pacific, and the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

USHC-7.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the economic, humanitarian, and diplomatic effects of World War II, including the end of the Great Depression, the Holocaust, the war crimes trials, and the creation of Israel.

USHC-7.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the impact of the Cold War on national security and individual freedom, including the containment policy and the role of military alliances, the effects of the “Red Scare” and McCarthyism, the conflicts in Korea and the Middle East, the Iron Curtain and the Berlin Wall, the Cuban missile crisis, and the nuclear arms race.

USHC-7.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of social and cultural changes in postwar America, including educational programs, the consumer culture and expanding suburbanization, the advances in medical and agricultural technology that led to changes in the standard of living and demographic patterns, and the roles of women in American society.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-7)

USHC-8.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the African American Civil Rights Movement, including initial strategies, landmark court cases and legislation, the roles of key civil rights advocates and the media, and the influence of the Civil Rights Movement on other groups seeking equality.

USHC-8.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the social and economic policies of presidents Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon, including support for civil rights legislation, programs for the elderly and the poor, environmental protection, and the impact of these policies on politics.

USHC-8.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the development of the war in Vietnam and its impact on American government and politics, including the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the policies of the Johnson administration, protests and opposition to the war, the role of the media, the policies of the Nixon administration, and the growing credibility gap that culminated in the Watergate scandal.

USHC-8.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of the resurgence of the conservative movement, including social and cultural changes of the 1960s and 1970s, Supreme Court decisions on integration and abortion, the economic and social policies of the Reagan administration, and the role of the media.

USHC-8.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize key political and economic issues of the last twenty-five years, including continuing dependence on foreign oil; trade agreements and globalization; health and education reforms; increases in economic disparity and recession; tax policy; the national surplus, debt, and deficits; immigration; presidential resignation/impeachment; and the elections of 2000 and 2008.

USHC-8.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize America’s role in the changing world, including the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the expansion of the European Union, the continuing crisis in the Middle East, and the rise of global terrorism.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-8)
3. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
4. Explain how the United States government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth.

ECON-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how markets are created when voluntary exchanges occur between buyers and sellers.

ECON-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how efficient markets allocate goods, services, and the factors of production in a market-based economy.Explain why the productive resources of land, labor, and capital are limited.

ECON-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how competition among sellers lowers costs and prices.

ECON-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how an economically efficient market allocates goods and services to the buyers who are willing to pay for them.

ECON-2.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how business cycles, market conditions, government policies, and inequalities affect the living standards of individuals and other economic entities.

ECON-2.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how market power enables some market structures to affect their situations to varying degrees and to use this market power to increase prices and reduce output.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the costs and the benefits of economic choices made by a particular society and explain how those choices affect overall economic well-being.
2. Compare the ways that different economic systems answer the fundamental questions of what goods and services should be produced, how they should be produced, and who will consume them.

ECON-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain that institutions in a market economy help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.

ECON-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how money and the consequent banking system facilitate trade, historically and currently.

ECON-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how real interest rates adjust savings with borrowing, thus affecting the allocation of scarce resources between present and future users.

ECON-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Use a circular flow diagram to explain how changes in economic activity affect households and businesses.

ECON-3.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the federal government regulates the American economy in order to provide economic security, full employment, and economic equity.

ECON-3.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how economic indicators are used to evaluate changes in economic activity.

ECON-3.7. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate the relationships among business cycles and unemployment, growth, price levels, wage rates, and investment.

ECON-3.8. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the Federal Reserve regulates the amount of cash that banks can acquire and retain and therefore helps to provide a foundation for economic stability.

ECON-3.9. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Exemplify how government, in a market economy, provides for services that private markets fail to provide and thus the costs of government policies often exceed benefits.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain how the United States government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth.
2. Analyze the role of the government in promoting entrepreneurial activity.
3. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.

ECON-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize how differing factor endowments—such as geography, the development of technology, and the abundance of labor—affect the goods and services in which a nation specializes.

ECON-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the United States specializes in the production of those goods and services in which it has a comparative advantage.

ECON-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the rise of a global marketplace contributes to the well-being of all societies but the benefits derived from globalization are unequal.

ECON-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how a global marketplace influences domestic labor markets, wage rates, unemployment levels, and disparities in earning potentials.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain how political, social, and economic institutions are similar or different across time and/or throughout the world.
2. Compare the ways that different economic systems answer the fundamental questions of what goods and services should be produced, how they should be produced, and who will consume them.
3. Explain how an interdependent, specialized, and voluntary worldwide trade network affects a nation’s standard of living and economic growth.

ECON-5.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how individuals make personal economic decisions and how current spending and acquisition of debt can impact future income.

ECON-5.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain that income for most people is determined by the market value of the productive resources they sell.

ECON-5.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how wage rates for most workers depend upon the market value of what the workers produce for the marketplace.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain the use of a budget in making personal economic decisions and planning for the future.
2. Illustrate the fact that some choices provide greater benefits than others.
3. Explain how investment in human capital such as health, education, and training leads to economic growth.

USG-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize core principles of United States government, including limited government, federalism, checks and balances, separation of powers, rule of law, popular sovereignty, republicanism, individual rights, freedom, equality, and self-government.

USG-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze developmental influences on the core political principles of American government, including Greek democracy, Roman republicanism, the Judeo-Christian heritage, and the European philosophers John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu, and William Blackstone.

USG-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the British heritage that fostered development of the core political principles of American government, including the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right (1628), the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact.

USG-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate significant American founding documents in relation to core political principles, including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, state constitutions, the United States Constitution, The Federalist papers, and the Bill of Rights.

USG-2.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate significant American historical documents in relation to the application of core principles (e.g., the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, the Ordinance of Nullification, the Seneca Falls Declaration, the Emancipation Proclamation, Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”), the eleventh through the twenty-seventh amendments to the Constitution, and critical Supreme Court cases.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Model informed participatory citizenship.
2. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
3. Analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims, and beliefs.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.

USG-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the Constitution as the written framework of the United States government, including expression of the core principles of limited government, federalism, checks and balances, separation of powers, rule of law, popular sovereignty, republicanism, individual rights, freedom, equality, and self-government.

USG-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the formal and informal structure, role, responsibilities, and authority of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the national government as the embodiments of constitutional principles.

USG-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze federalism and its application in the United States, including the concepts of enumerated, concurrent, and reserved powers; the meaning of the ninth and tenth amendments; the principle of states’ rights; the promotion of limited government; the protection of individual rights; and the potential for conflict among the levels of government.

USG-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the organization and responsibilities of local and state governments in the United States federal system, including the role of state constitutions, the limitations on state governments, the typical organization of state governments, the relationship between state and local governments, and the major responsibilities of state governments.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain how political, social, and economic institutions are similar or different across time and/or throughout the world.
2. Analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims, and beliefs.
3. Evaluate the validity of multiple points of view or biases by using evidence and sound reasoning.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.

USG-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role of the citizen in the American political process, including civic responsibilities and the interaction between the citizen and government.

USG-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the process of political socialization and its relation to political participation.

USG-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role and function of common avenues utilized by citizens in political participation, including political parties, voting, polls, interest groups, and community service.

USG-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the process through which citizens monitor and influence public policy, including political parties, interest groups, the media, lobbying, donations, issue advocacy, and candidate support.

USG-4.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the importance of civil rights and civil liberties for citizens in American political culture and the protective role of the national government through the Bill of Rights, the judicial system, and the Fourteenth Amendment.

USG-4.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how fundamental values, principles, and rights often conflict within the American political system; why these conflicts arise; and how these conflicts are and can be addressed.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Understand responsible citizenship in relation to the state, national, and international communities.
2. Explain his or her relationship to others in the global community.
3. Explain contemporary patterns of human behavior, culture, and political and economic systems.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.

8-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the political and economic consequences of the French and Indian War on the relationship of the South Carolina colonists with Native Americans and England.

8-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the response of South Carolina to events leading to the American Revolution, including the Stamp Act, the Tea Acts, and the Sons of Liberty.

8-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the roles of South Carolinians in the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

8-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the perspectives of different groups of South Carolinians during the American Revolution, including Patriots, Tories/Loyalists, women, enslaved and free Africans, and Native Americans.

8-2.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the role of South Carolinians in the course of the American Revolution, including the use of partisan warfare and the battles of Charleston, Camden, Cowpens, Kings Mountain and Eutaw Springs.

8-2.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the role of South Carolinians in the establishment of their new state government and the national government after the American Revolution.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Evaluate multiple points of view or biases and attribute the perspectives to the influences of individual experiences, societal values, and cultural traditions.
2. Understand responsible citizenship in relation to the state, national, and international communities.
3. Compare the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.
4. Identify and explain the relationships among multiple causes and multiple effects.

8-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the tensions between the Upcountry and the Lowcountry of South Carolina, including their economic struggles after the Revolutionary War, their disagreement over representation in the General Assembly, the location of the new capital, and the transformation of the state’s economy.

8-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the role of South Carolina and its leaders in the Constitutional Convention, including their support of the Three-Fifths Compromise and the Commerce Compromise as well as the division among South Carolinians over the ratification of the Constitution.

8-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the basic principles of government as established in the United States Constitution.

8-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the position of South Carolina on the issues that divided the nation in the early 1800s, including the assumption of state debts, the creation of a national bank, the protective tariff and the role of the United States in the European conflict between France and England and in the War of 1812.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Identify and explain the relationships among multiple causes and multiple effects.
2. Evaluate multiple points of view or biases and attribute the perspectives to the influences of individual experiences, societal values, and cultural traditions.
3. Analyze evidence, arguments, claims, and beliefs.

8-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the importance of agriculture in antebellum South Carolina, including the plantation system and the impact of the cotton gin on all social classes.

8-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze how sectionalism arose from racial tension, including the Denmark Vesey plot, slave codes and the growth of the abolitionist movement.

8-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze key issues that led to South Carolina’s secession from the Union, including the nullification controversy and John C. Calhoun, the extension of slavery and the compromises over westward expansion, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, and the election of 1860.

8-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the arguments of unionists, cooperationists, and secessionists on the issues of states’ rights and slavery and the ways that these arguments contributed to South Carolina’s secession.

8-4.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the military strategies of the North and the South during the Civil War and the fulfillment of these strategies in South Carolina and in the South as a whole, including the attack on Fort Sumter, the Union blockade of Charleston and other ports, the early capture of Port Royal, and the development of the Hunley submarine; the exploits of Robert Smalls; and General William T. Sherman’s march through the state.

8-4.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the differing impact of the Civil War on South Carolinians in each of the various social classes, including those groups defined by race, gender, and age.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Analyze evidence, arguments, claims, and beliefs.
2. Identify and explain the relationships among multiple causes and multiple effects.
3. Evaluate multiple points of view or biases and attribute the perspectives to the influences of individual experiences, societal values, and cultural traditions.

8-5.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the development of Reconstruction policy and its impact in South Carolina, including the presidential and the congressional reconstruction plans, the role of black codes, and the Freedmen’s Bureau.

8-5.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Describe the economic impact of Reconstruction on South Carolinians in each of the various social classes.

8-5.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the successes and failures of Reconstruction in South Carolina, including the creation of political, educational, and social opportunities for African Americans; the rise of discriminatory groups; and the withdrawal of federal protection.

8-5.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the policies and actions of South Carolina’s political leadership in implementing discriminatory laws that established a system of racial segregation, intimidation, and violence.

8-5.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare industrial development in South Carolina to industrialization in the rest of the United States, including the expansion of railroads, the development of the phosphate and textile industries, and immigration.

8-5.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the plight of farmers in South Carolina with that of farmers throughout the United States, including the problems of overproduction, natural disasters, and sharecropping and encompassing the roles of Ben Tillman, the Populists, and land-grant colleges.

8-5.7. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare migration patterns of South Carolinians to such patterns throughout the United States, including the movement from rural to urban areas and the migration of African Americans from the South to the North, Midwest, and West.

8-5.8. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the Progressive movement in South Carolina with the national Progressive movement, including the impact on temperance; women’s suffrage; labor laws; and educational, agricultural, health, and governmental reform.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Identify and explain the relationships among multiple causes and multiple effects.
2. Evaluate multiple points of view or biases and attribute the perspectives to the influences of individual experiences, societal values, and cultural traditions.
3. Compare the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.

8-6.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the reasons for United States involvement in World War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina and the nation as a whole, including the building of new military bases and the economic impact of emigration to industrial jobs in the North.

8-6.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the reasons for United States involvement in World War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina and the nation as a whole, including the building of new military bases and the economic impact of emigration to industrial jobs in the North.

8-6.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the reasons for depressed conditions in the textile mills and on farms in South Carolina and other regions of the United States in the 1920s and the impact of these conditions on the coming of the Great Depression.

8-6.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the effects of the Great Depression and the lasting impact of the New Deal on people and programs in South Carolina, including James F. Byrnes and Mary McLeod Bethune, the Rural Electrification Act, the general textile strike of 1934, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, the Public Works Administration, the Social Security Act, and the Santee Cooper electricity project.

8-6.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the ramifications of World War II on South Carolina and the United States as a whole, including the training of the Doolittle Raiders and the Tuskegee Airmen, the building of additional military bases, the rationing and bond drives, and the return of economic prosperity.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Identify and explain the relationships among multiple causes and multiple effects.
2. Evaluate multiple points of view or biases and attribute the perspectives to the influences of individual experiences, societal values, and cultural traditions.
3. Select or design appropriate forms of social studies resources(8-6) to organize and evaluate social studies information.

8-7.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the social and economic impact of World War II and the Cold War on South Carolina with its impact on the rest of the United States, including the increases in the birth rate; the emergence of the consumer culture; the expanding suburbanization, highway construction, tourism and economic development; the continuing growth of military bases and nuclear power facilities; and the increases in educational opportunities.

8-7.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the movement for civil rights in South Carolina, including the impact of the landmark court cases Elmore v. Rice and Briggs v. Elliot; civil rights leaders Septima Poinsette Clark, Modjeska Monteith Simkins, and Matthew J. Perry; the South Carolina school equalization effort and other resistance to school integration; peaceful efforts to integrate beginning with colleges and demonstrations in South Carolina such as the Friendship Nine and the Orangeburg Massacre.

8-7.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain changing politics in South Carolina, including the role of Strom Thurmond, the shift from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party, the increasing political participation of African Americans and women, and the passage of the Education Improvement Act (EIA).

8-7.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize key economic issues in present-day South Carolina, including the decline of the textile industry, the state’s continuing right-to-work status, the changes in agricultural emphasis, the growing globalization and foreign investment, the influx of immigrants and migrants into the Sunbelt, the increased protection of the environment, the expanding number of cultural offerings, and the changes in tax policy.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Identify and explain the relationships among multiple causes and multiple effects.
2. Evaluate multiple points of view or biases and attribute the perspectives to the influences of individual experiences, societal values, and cultural traditions.
3. Select or design appropriate forms of social studies resources(8-7) to organize and evaluate social studies information.
4. Interpret parallel time lines from different places and cultures.

5-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the geographic and economic factors that influenced westward expansion and the ways that these factors affected travel and settlement, including physical features of the land; the climate and natural resources; and land ownership and other economic opportunities.

5-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize how technologies (such as railroads, the steel plow and barbed wire), federal policies (such as subsidies for the railroads and the Homestead Act), and access to natural resources affected the development of the West.

5-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify examples of conflict and cooperation between occupational and ethnic groups in the West, including miners, farmers, ranchers, cowboys, Mexican and African Americans, and European and Asian immigrants.

5-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the social and economic effects of westward expansion on Native Americans; including opposing views on land ownership, Native American displacement, the impact of the railroad on the culture of the Plains Indians, armed conflict, and changes in federal policy.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Create maps, mental maps, and geographic models to represent spatial relationships.
2. Illustrate the fact that some choices provide greater benefits than others.
3. Identify the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.
4. Explain the opportunity cost involved in the allocation of scarce productive resources.
5. Identify multiple points of view or biases and ask questions that clarify those opinions.

5-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the Industrial Revolution was furthered by new inventions and technologies, including new methods of mass production and transportation and the invention of the light bulb, the telegraph, and the telephone.

5-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the practice of discrimination and the passage of discriminatory laws in the United States and their impact on the rights of African Americans, including the Jim Crow laws and the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.

5-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

ESummarize the significance of large-scale immigration to America, including the countries from which the people came, the opportunities and resistance they faced when they arrived, and the cultural and economic contributions they made to the United States.

5-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the impact of industrialization, urbanization, and the rise of big business, including the development of monopolies; long hours, low wages, and unsafe working conditions on men, women, and children laborers; and resulting reform movements.

5-3.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the reasons for the United States control of new territories as a result of the Spanish American War and the building of the Panama Canal, including the need for raw materials and new markets and competition with other world powers.

5-3.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the factors that led to the involvement of the United States in World War I and the role of the United States in fighting the war.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain the opportunity cost involved in the allocation of scarce productive resources.
2. Construct and interpret maps, mental maps, and geographic models to solve problems.
3. Establish the chronological order in reconstructing a historical narrative.
4. Identify the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.

5-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize daily life in the post–World War I period of the 1920s, including improvements in the standard of living, transportation, and entertainment; the impact of the Nineteenth Amendment, the Great Migration, the Harlem Renaissance, and Prohibition; and racial and ethnic conflict.

5-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the causes of the Great Depression, including overproduction and declining purchasing power, the bursting of the stock market bubble in 1929, and the resulting unemployment, failed economic institutions; and the effects of the Dust Bowl.

5-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the American government’s response to the Great Depression in the New Deal policies of President Franklin Roosevelt, including the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Social Security Act.

5-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the principal events related to the involvement of the United States in World War II, including campaigns in North Africa and the Mediterranean; major battles of the European theater such as the Battle of Britain, the invasion of the Soviet Union, and the Normandy invasion; and events in the Pacific theater such as Pearl Harbor, the strategy of island-hopping, and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

5-4.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the role of key figures during World War II, including Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, and Adolph Hitler.

5-4.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize key developments in technology, aviation, weaponry, and communication and their effects on World War II and the United States economy.

5-4.7. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the social and political impact of World War II on the American home front and the world, including opportunities for women and African Americans in the work place, the internment of the Japanese Americans, and the changes in national boundaries and governments.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Identify and describe cause-and-effect relationships.
2. Identify multiple points of view or biases and ask questions that clarify those opinions.
3. Utilize different types of media to synthesize social studies information from a variety of social studies resources.(5-4)
4. Explain how political, social, and economic institutions have influenced the state and nation throughout history.

5-5.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and the course of the Cold War between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the United States, including McCarthyism, the spread of communism, the Korean Conflict, Sputnik, the Berlin Wall, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War.

5-5.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the social, cultural, and economic developments that took place in the United States during the Cold War, including consumerism, mass media, the growth of suburbs, expanding educational opportunities, new technologies, the expanding job market and service industries, and changing opportunities for women in the workforce.

5-5.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the advancement of the modern Civil Rights Movement; including the desegregation of the armed forces, Brown v. Board of Education, the roles of Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, the Civil Rights acts, and the Voting Rights Act.

5-5.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the international political alliances that impacted the United States in the latter part of the twentieth century, including the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Establish the chronological order in reconstructing a historical narrative.
2. Create and interpret data in time lines.
3. Identify and describe cause-and-effect relationships.
4. Identify multiple points of view or biases and ask questions that clarify those opinions.

5-6.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the changes in world politics that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of Soviet domination of eastern Europe.

5-6.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify places in the world where the United States is involved in humanitarian and economic efforts, including the Middle East, the Balkans, Central America, Africa, and Asia.

5-6.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the impact of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, including the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the home-front responses to terrorism.

5-6.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how technological innovations have changed daily life in the United States, including the changes brought about by computers, satellites, and mass communication systems.

5-6.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify examples of cultural exchanges, including those in food, fashion, and entertainment, that illustrate the growing global interdependence between the United States and other countries.

5-6.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify issues related to the use of natural resources by the United States, including recycling, climate change, environmental hazards, and depletion that requires our reliance on foreign resources.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain his or her relationship to others in American society and culture.
2. Demonstrate responsible citizenship within local, state, and national communities.
3. Identify the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.

K-1.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify the location of his or her home, school, neighborhood, and city or town on a map.

K-1.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate the features of his or her home, school, and neighborhood by creating maps, models, and drawings.

K-1.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify his or her personal connections to places, including home, school, neighborhood, and city or town.

K-1.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Recognize natural features of his or her environment (e.g., mountains and bodies of water).

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Interpret information from a variety of social studies resources.(K-1)
2. Recognize maps, mental maps, and geographic models as representations of spatial relationships.
3. Find and describe the locations and conditions of places.

K-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the purpose of rules and laws and the consequences of breaking them.

K-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the roles of authority figures in a child’s life, including those of parents and teachers.

K-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify authority figures in the school and the community who enforce rules and laws that keep people safe, including crossing guards, bus drivers, firefighters, and police officers.

K-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how following rules and obeying authority figures reflect qualities of good citizenship, including honesty, responsibility, respect, fairness, and patriotism.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Interpret information from a variety of social studies resources.(K-2)
2. Identify his or her place in the family, school, and community.
3. Practice responsible citizenship within his or her school, community, and state.

K-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Recognize the significance of symbols of the United States that represent its democratic values, including the American flag, the bald eagle, the Statue of Liberty, the Pledge of Allegiance, and “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

K-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Identify the reasons for our celebrating national holidays, including Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, President’s Day, Memorial Day, and Independence Day.

K-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Describe the actions of important figures that reflect the values of American democracy, including George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Susan B. Anthony, Rosa Parks, and Martin Luther King Jr.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Distinguish between past, present, and future time.
2. Measure and calculate calendar time.
3. Interpret information from a variety of social studies resources.(K-3)

K-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the daily lives of children and their families in the past and in the present.

K-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how changes in modes of transportation and communication have affected the way families live and work together.

K-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Recognize the ways that community businesses have provided goods and services for families in the past and do so in the present.

K-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Recognize that families of the past have made choices to fulfill their wants and needs and that families do so in the present.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Distinguish between past, present, and future time.
2. Interpret information from a variety of social studies resources.(K-4)
3. Distinguish between wants and needs and between consumers and producers.

USHC-1.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the distinct characteristics of each colonial region in the settlement and development of British North America, including religious, social, political, and economic differences.

USHC-1.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the early development of representative government and political rights in the American colonies, including the influence of the British political system and the rule of law as written in the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights, and the conflict between the colonial legislatures and the British Parliament over the right to tax that resulted in the American Revolutionary War.

USHC-1.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the impact of the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution on establishing the ideals of a democratic republic.

USHC-1.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze how dissatisfactions with the government under the Articles of Confederation were addressed with the writing of the Constitution of 1787, including the debates and compromises reached at the Philadelphia Convention and the ratification of the Constitution.

USHC-1.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the fundamental principle of limited government is protected by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, including democracy, republicanism, federalism, the separation of powers, the system of checks and balances, and individual rights.

USHC-1.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the development of the two-party system during the presidency of George Washington, including controversies over domestic and foreign policies and the regional interests of the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists.

USHC-1.7. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the expansion of the power of the national government as a result of Supreme Court decisions under Chief Justice John Marshall, such as the establishment of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison and the impact of political party affiliation on the Court.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Analyze and draw conclusions about the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.
2. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
3. Trace and describe continuity and change across cultures.
4. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-1)
5. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
6. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy, including the expansion of the franchise, the displacement of Native Americans from the southeast and conflicts over states’ rights and federal power during the era of Jacksonian democracy as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the Mexican Cession.

USHC-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the concept of Manifest Destiny affected the United States’ relationships with foreign powers, including the role of the United States in the Texan Revolution and the Mexican War..

USHC-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the economic development in different regions (the South, the North, and the West) of the United States during the early nineteenth century, including ways that economic policy contributed to political controversies.

USHC-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the social and cultural characteristics of the North, the South, and the West during the antebellum period, including the lives of African Americans and social reform movements such as abolition and women’s rights.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
2. Represent and interpret Earth’s physical and human systems by using maps, mental maps, geographic models, and other social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-2)
3. Compare the ways that different economic systems answer the fundamental questions of what goods and services should be produced, how they should be produced, and who will consume them.
4. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-2)
5. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the relative importance of political events and issues that divided the nation and led to civil war, including the compromises reached to maintain the balance of free and slave states, the abolitionist movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on states’ rights and federal authority, the emergence of the Republican Party, and the formation of the Confederate States of America.

USHC-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the course of the Civil War and its impact on democracy, including the major turning points; the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation; the unequal treatment afforded to African American military units; the geographic, economic, and political factors in the defeat of the Confederacy; and the ultimate defeat of the idea of secession.

USHC-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the effects of Reconstruction on the southern states and on the role of the federal government, including the impact of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments on opportunities for African Americans.

USHC-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the end of Reconstruction, including the role of anti–African American factions and competing national interests in undermining support for Reconstruction; the impact of the removal of federal protection for freedmen; and the impact of Jim Crow laws and voter restrictions on African American rights in the post-Reconstruction era.

USHC-3.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the varied responses of African Americans to the restrictions imposed on them in the post-Reconstruction period, including the leadership and strategies of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, and Ida B. Wells-Barnett.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-3)
4. Analyze and draw conclusions about the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.
5. Explain contemporary patterns of human behavior, culture, and political and economic systems.
6. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
7. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the impact that government policy and the construction of the transcontinental railroads had on the development of the national market and on the culture of Native American peoples.

USHC-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the factors that influenced the economic growth of the United States and its emergence as an industrial power, including the abundance of natural resources; government support and protection in the form of railroad subsidies, tariffs, and labor policies; and the expansion of international markets.

USHC-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role of capitalism and its impact on democracy, including the ascent of new industries, the increasing availability of consumer goods and the rising standard of living, the role of entrepreneurs, the rise of business through monopoly and the influence of business ideologies.

USHC-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the impact of industrial growth and business cycles on farmers, workers, immigrants, labor unions, and the Populist movement and the ways that these groups and the government responded to the economic problems caused by industry and business.

USHC-4.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in late nineteenth-century America, including the movement from farm to city, the changing immigration patterns, the rise of ethnic neighborhoods, the role of political machines, and the migration of African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West.

USHC-4.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive Movement in affecting social and political reforms in America, including the roles of the media and of reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane Addams, and presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze how a scarcity of productive resources affects economic choice.
4. Analyze the role of government in promoting entrepreneurial activity.
5. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-4)
6. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
7. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-5.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the development of American expansionism, including the change from isolationism to intervention and the rationales for imperialism based on Social Darwinism, expanding capitalism, and domestic tensions.

USHC-5.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the influence of the Spanish-American War on the emergence of the United States as a world power, including the role of yellow journalism in the American declaration of war against Spain, United States interests and expansion in the South Pacific, and the debate between pro- and anti-imperialists over annexation of the Philippines.

USHC-5.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize United States foreign policies in different regions of the world during the early twentieth century, including the purposes and effects of the Open Door policy with China, the United States role in the Panama Revolution, Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy,” William Taft’s “dollar diplomacy,” and Woodrow Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” and changing worldwide perceptions of the United States.

USHC-5.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of United States involvement in World War I, including the failure of neutrality and the reasons for the declaration of war, the role of propaganda in creating a unified war effort, the limitation of individual liberties, and Woodrow Wilson’s leadership in the Treaty of Versailles and the creation of the League of Nations.

USHC-5.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the United States rejection of internationalism, including postwar disillusionment, the Senate’s refusal to ratify the Versailles Treaty, the election of 1920, and the role of the United States in international affairs in the 1920s.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-5)
4. Represent and interpret Earth’s physical and human systems by using maps, mental maps, geographic models, and other social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-5)
5. Explain how an interdependent, specialized, and voluntary worldwide trade network affects standards of living and economic growth.
6. Create a thesis supported by research to convince an audience of its validity.

USHC-6.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the impact of the changes in the 1920s on the economy, society, and culture, including the expansion of mass production techniques, the invention of new home appliances, the introduction of the installment plan, the role of transportation in changing urban life, the effect of radio and movies in creating a national mass culture, and the cultural changes exemplified by the Harlem Renaissance.

USHC-6.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and effects of the social change and conflict between traditional and modern culture that took place during the 1920s, including the role of women, the “Red Scare”, the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, immigration quotas, Prohibition, and the Scopes trial.

USHC-6.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the causes and consequences of the Great Depression, including the disparities in income and wealth distribution; the collapse of the farm economy and the effects of the Dust Bowl; limited governmental regulation; taxes, investment; and stock market speculation; policies of the federal government and the Federal Reserve System; and the effects of the Depression on the people.

USHC-6.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the economic crisis of the Great Depression, including the effectiveness of New Deal programs in relieving suffering and achieving economic recovery, in protecting the rights of women and minorities, and in making significant reforms to protect the economy such as Social Security and labor laws.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze how a scarcity of productive resources affects economic choices.
4. Analyze the role of fiscal and regulatory policies in a mixed economy.
5. Explain how the United States government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth.
6. CExplain contemporary patterns of human behavior, culture, and political and economic systems.
7. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-6)

USHC-7.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the decision of the United States to enter World War II, including the nation’s movement from a policy of isolationism to international involvement and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

USHC-7.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the impact of war mobilization on the home front, including consumer sacrifices, the role of women and minorities in the workforce, and limits on individual rights that resulted in the internment of Japanese Americans.

USHC-7.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how controversies among the Big Three Allied leaders over war strategies led to post-war conflict between the United States and the USSR, including delays in the opening of the second front in Europe, the participation of the Soviet Union in the war in the Pacific, and the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

USHC-7.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize the economic, humanitarian, and diplomatic effects of World War II, including the end of the Great Depression, the Holocaust, the war crimes trials, and the creation of Israel.

USHC-7.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the impact of the Cold War on national security and individual freedom, including the containment policy and the role of military alliances, the effects of the “Red Scare” and McCarthyism, the conflicts in Korea and the Middle East, the Iron Curtain and the Berlin Wall, the Cuban missile crisis, and the nuclear arms race.

USHC-7.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of social and cultural changes in postwar America, including educational programs, the consumer culture and expanding suburbanization, the advances in medical and agricultural technology that led to changes in the standard of living and demographic patterns, and the roles of women in American society.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.
3. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-7)

USHC-8.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the African American Civil Rights Movement, including initial strategies, landmark court cases and legislation, the roles of key civil rights advocates and the media, and the influence of the Civil Rights Movement on other groups seeking equality.

USHC-8.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Compare the social and economic policies of presidents Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon, including support for civil rights legislation, programs for the elderly and the poor, environmental protection, and the impact of these policies on politics.

USHC-8.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain the development of the war in Vietnam and its impact on American government and politics, including the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the policies of the Johnson administration, protests and opposition to the war, the role of the media, the policies of the Nixon administration, and the growing credibility gap that culminated in the Watergate scandal.

USHC-8.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the causes and consequences of the resurgence of the conservative movement, including social and cultural changes of the 1960s and 1970s, Supreme Court decisions on integration and abortion, the economic and social policies of the Reagan administration, and the role of the media.

USHC-8.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize key political and economic issues of the last twenty-five years, including continuing dependence on foreign oil; trade agreements and globalization; health and education reforms; increases in economic disparity and recession; tax policy; the national surplus, debt, and deficits; immigration; presidential resignation/impeachment; and the elections of 2000 and 2008.

USHC-8.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize America’s role in the changing world, including the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the expansion of the European Union, the continuing crisis in the Middle East, and the rise of global terrorism.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.
2. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USHC-8)
3. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
4. Explain how the United States government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth.

ECON-1.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain that the practice of economic decision making is an evaluation process that measures additional benefits versus additional costs.

ECON-1.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain why the productive resources of land, labor, and capital are limited.

ECON-1.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Apply the concept that people respond to positive and negative incentives to past and current economic decisions.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Analyze how a scarcity of productive resources affects economic choices.
2. Explain the opportunity cost involved in the allocation of scarce productive resources.
3. Compare the locations of places, the conditions at places, and the connections between places.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.

ECON-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how markets are created when voluntary exchanges occur between buyers and sellers.

ECON-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how efficient markets allocate goods, services, and the factors of production in a market-based economy.Explain why the productive resources of land, labor, and capital are limited.

ECON-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how competition among sellers lowers costs and prices.

ECON-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how an economically efficient market allocates goods and services to the buyers who are willing to pay for them.

ECON-2.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how business cycles, market conditions, government policies, and inequalities affect the living standards of individuals and other economic entities.

ECON-2.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how market power enables some market structures to affect their situations to varying degrees and to use this market power to increase prices and reduce output.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Examine the costs and the benefits of economic choices made by a particular society and explain how those choices affect overall economic well-being.
2. Compare the ways that different economic systems answer the fundamental questions of what goods and services should be produced, how they should be produced, and who will consume them.

ECON-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain that institutions in a market economy help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.

ECON-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate how money and the consequent banking system facilitate trade, historically and currently.

ECON-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how real interest rates adjust savings with borrowing, thus affecting the allocation of scarce resources between present and future users.

ECON-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Use a circular flow diagram to explain how changes in economic activity affect households and businesses.

ECON-3.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the federal government regulates the American economy in order to provide economic security, full employment, and economic equity.

ECON-3.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how economic indicators are used to evaluate changes in economic activity.

ECON-3.7. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Illustrate the relationships among business cycles and unemployment, growth, price levels, wage rates, and investment.

ECON-3.8. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the Federal Reserve regulates the amount of cash that banks can acquire and retain and therefore helps to provide a foundation for economic stability.

ECON-3.9. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Exemplify how government, in a market economy, provides for services that private markets fail to provide and thus the costs of government policies often exceed benefits.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain how the United States government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth.
2. Analyze the role of the government in promoting entrepreneurial activity.
3. Assess the relative importance of multiple causes on outcomes.

ECON-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize how differing factor endowments—such as geography, the development of technology, and the abundance of labor—affect the goods and services in which a nation specializes.

ECON-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the United States specializes in the production of those goods and services in which it has a comparative advantage.

ECON-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how the rise of a global marketplace contributes to the well-being of all societies but the benefits derived from globalization are unequal.

ECON-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how a global marketplace influences domestic labor markets, wage rates, unemployment levels, and disparities in earning potentials.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain how political, social, and economic institutions are similar or different across time and/or throughout the world.
2. Compare the ways that different economic systems answer the fundamental questions of what goods and services should be produced, how they should be produced, and who will consume them.
3. Explain how an interdependent, specialized, and voluntary worldwide trade network affects a nation’s standard of living and economic growth.

ECON-5.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how individuals make personal economic decisions and how current spending and acquisition of debt can impact future income.

ECON-5.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain that income for most people is determined by the market value of the productive resources they sell.

ECON-5.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how wage rates for most workers depend upon the market value of what the workers produce for the marketplace.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain the use of a budget in making personal economic decisions and planning for the future.
2. Illustrate the fact that some choices provide greater benefits than others.
3. Explain how investment in human capital such as health, education, and training leads to economic growth.

USG-1.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze political theories related to the existence, necessity, and purpose of government, including natural rights, balance of the public and private interests, and physical and economic security.

USG-1.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze components of government and the governing process, including politics, power, authority, sovereignty, legitimacy, public institutions, efficacy, and civic life.

USG-1.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role and relationship of the citizen to government in democratic, republican, authoritarian, and totalitarian systems.

USG-1.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the institutional and organizational structure of government that allows it to carry out its purpose and function effectively, including the branches of government and legitimate bureaucratic institutions.

USG-1.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate limited government and unlimited government with regard to governance, including rule of law, the role of constitutions, civil rights, political freedom, economic freedom, and the ability of citizens to impact or influence the governing process.

USG-1.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the organization of government in confederal, federal, and unitary systems, including the distribution of power and the advantages and disadvantages of each system.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Evaluate the validity of multiple points of view or biases by using evidence and sound reasoning.
2. Analyze, interpret, and synthesize social studies resources to make inferences and draw conclusions.(USG-1)
3. Model informed participatory citizenship.
4. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.

USG-2.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Summarize core principles of United States government, including limited government, federalism, checks and balances, separation of powers, rule of law, popular sovereignty, republicanism, individual rights, freedom, equality, and self-government.

USG-2.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze developmental influences on the core political principles of American government, including Greek democracy, Roman republicanism, the Judeo-Christian heritage, and the European philosophers John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu, and William Blackstone.

USG-2.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the British heritage that fostered development of the core political principles of American government, including the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right (1628), the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact.

USG-2.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate significant American founding documents in relation to core political principles, including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, state constitutions, the United States Constitution, The Federalist papers, and the Bill of Rights.

USG-2.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate significant American historical documents in relation to the application of core principles (e.g., the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, the Ordinance of Nullification, the Seneca Falls Declaration, the Emancipation Proclamation, Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”), the eleventh through the twenty-seventh amendments to the Constitution, and critical Supreme Court cases.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Model informed participatory citizenship.
2. Explain how groups work to challenge traditional institutions and effect change to promote the needs and interests of society.
3. Analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims, and beliefs.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.

USG-3.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the Constitution as the written framework of the United States government, including expression of the core principles of limited government, federalism, checks and balances, separation of powers, rule of law, popular sovereignty, republicanism, individual rights, freedom, equality, and self-government.

USG-3.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the formal and informal structure, role, responsibilities, and authority of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the national government as the embodiments of constitutional principles.

USG-3.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze federalism and its application in the United States, including the concepts of enumerated, concurrent, and reserved powers; the meaning of the ninth and tenth amendments; the principle of states’ rights; the promotion of limited government; the protection of individual rights; and the potential for conflict among the levels of government.

USG-3.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the organization and responsibilities of local and state governments in the United States federal system, including the role of state constitutions, the limitations on state governments, the typical organization of state governments, the relationship between state and local governments, and the major responsibilities of state governments.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Explain how political, social, and economic institutions are similar or different across time and/or throughout the world.
2. Analyze and evaluate evidence, arguments, claims, and beliefs.
3. Evaluate the validity of multiple points of view or biases by using evidence and sound reasoning.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.

USG-4.1. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role of the citizen in the American political process, including civic responsibilities and the interaction between the citizen and government.

USG-4.2. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the process of political socialization and its relation to political participation.

USG-4.3. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the role and function of common avenues utilized by citizens in political participation, including political parties, voting, polls, interest groups, and community service.

USG-4.4. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Analyze the process through which citizens monitor and influence public policy, including political parties, interest groups, the media, lobbying, donations, issue advocacy, and candidate support.

USG-4.5. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Evaluate the importance of civil rights and civil liberties for citizens in American political culture and the protective role of the national government through the Bill of Rights, the judicial system, and the Fourteenth Amendment.

USG-4.6. Knowledge And Skills / Essential Question:

Explain how fundamental values, principles, and rights often conflict within the American political system; why these conflicts arise; and how these conflicts are and can be addressed.

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century:

1. Understand responsible citizenship in relation to the state, national, and international communities.
2. Explain his or her relationship to others in the global community.
3. Explain contemporary patterns of human behavior, culture, and political and economic systems.
4. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future.