Crafting Digital Stories

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Photography, Children on Computers, 26 Sept 2006,  Homer Township Public Library
Question

I teach early elementary school, and my students are learning about the differences between past and present. Is there a tool that would allow them to share their learning (mostly using images) online with others?

Answer

With the explosion of Web 2.0 resources there is no shortage of tools for carrying out the types of activities you describe. It is not my place to endorse particular resources but I can comment with confidence from personal experience using a few of these tools and having great fun in the process. I tend to teach older students so you may want to check these resources out before exposing your students to them. On the other hand, when I do work with younger students it is usually in one-day workshop sessions and there is never much doubt by the end of the day who understands the software better! I think it is the lack of fear, which younger students seem to have in experimenting with technology. Anyway, some suggestions:

Wallwisher
I know you suggested that you would mostly be working with images but Wallwisher is great if you want to post up words. It is an electronic pin board and you literally write notes and pin them on. I had some 13-years-olds assess some software for me and they posted their views—good points and bad points—here and here.

VoiceThread
As a resource for sharing thoughts about an image or a movie clip VoiceThread is pretty hard to beat. It was designed specifically for educational purposes and ideas and thoughts can be shared in real time or left as posts. It has been extensively researched and trialled, so there is a good deal of supporting literature available to help you develop the way you use it. Here are some examples of history-themed VoiceThreads.

Historypin
Historypin is great for establishing a local connection to history. It is very similar to Google Earth’s pin features. You upload an image, pin it to a location, and then complete a commentary box.

Xtranormal
This may seem a little crazy but it is such fun! Essentially students script animated films for selections of characters. I have used it with students of all ages. Younger students create short films in which they play different characters and either explain particular events or share their confusion over an issue. I have found Xtranormal a very effective tool to get older students collaborating outside the classroom, principally preparing for tests—essentially they present an answer to a test question and then their peers comment on that answer. Movies can be posted on YouTube.

Stripgenerator
This is a tool similar to Xtranormal, but it uses still images. It is very simple to use and allows students to take a range of characters and tell a story with them.

Prezi
Prezi is already being used by a lot of teachers as an alternative to PowerPoint. I won't try to explain Prezi here. A quick look at the sample projects which have been created will be far more articulate, eloquent, and absorbing!

For more information

Learn more about VoiceThread, Prezi, Wallwisher, and other digital tools in Tech for Teachers.

Watch 1st-grade teacher Jennifer Orr and her students put VoiceThread to work in Beyond the Chalkboard. Orr shares her thoughts on the project in our blog.

Scholars in Action: Analyzing a 19th-Century Daguerreotype

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Scholars in Action presents case studies that demonstrate how scholars interpret different kinds of historical evidence. This untitled daguerreotype of Niagara Falls was taken in 1853 by Platt Babbitt and reflects an era when the expansion of railroads and the rise of middle-class occupations enabled some Americans to enjoy leisure travel.

The daguerreotype process, the earliest form of photography, involved the painstaking manipulation of light, chemicals, and copper plates. Daguerreotypes were made public in 1839 and quickly became a popular medium in the United States for a growing middle class eager to document themselves and their surroundings. While daguerreotypes could not be mass produced, they often served as the basis for newspaper illustrations that reached large numbers of Americans.

Scholars in Action: Analyzing a Thomas Nast Cartoon

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Scholars in Action presents case studies that demonstrate how scholars interpret different kinds of historical evidence. This cartoon, "Milk Tickets for Babies, in Place of Milk," created by Thomas Nast in 1876, comments on one debate that raged in the years following the Civil War: should the currency of the United States be based on gold (the "gold standard") or on paper (known as "greenbacks")? These debates about the nature of money, and the meaning of value itself, coincided with equally fundamental social and political debates about the nature of citizenship as it applied to the newly emancipated slaves. Political cartoons were a major form of commentary in late 19th-century American life, and Thomas Nast (1840–1902) was the most famous cartoonist of his day.

George Washington, A National Treasure

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This site walks participants through an exploration of Gilbert Stuart’s Landsdowne portrait of George Washington using three different filters: symbolic, biographic, and artistic. Each filter highlights a different element in the portrait and provides unique information and a distinct interpretation. After working through the interactive presentation, students should be able to effectively interpret the portrait as a primary document. They can also use these filters and related questions to analyze additional artistic works. The site provides a series of lesson plans on George Washington’s life.

Making Sense of Documentary Photography

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A picture may be worth a thousand words, but you need to know how to analyze the picture to gain any understanding of it at all. "Making Sense of Documentary Photography" provides a place for students and teachers to grapple with the documentary images that often illustrate textbooks but are almost never considered as historical evidence in their own right. Written by James Curtis, this guide offers a brief history of documentary photography, examples of what questions to ask when examining a documentary photograph, and an annotated bibliography and list of online resources for documentary photography.

Teaching with Museum Collections

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National Park Service Teaching With Museum Collections offers object-based learning emphasizing the links between the real things and historical analysis. Collections connect students to their past, rich and varied cultures, momentous events, inspiring ideas, and the places where the nation's history happened.

Lesson plans provide teachers with easy-to-use, grade-appropriate educational activities, and link to national educational standards. Photographs of museum objects and specimens, historic photographs, maps, and other documents are used to teach. Reading materials, web resources, and glossaries are included. Suggestions on how teachers can substitute similar available objects, and develop local, community-based activities are provided.

Teaching with Museum Collections includes a worksheet for analyzing artifacts asking students to examine such factors as the object's construction purpose, value, and design. The site also includes a similar worksheet for analyzing photographs.

Picturing America

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Picturing America, a recent initiative from the National Endowment for the Humanities, contains a wealth of resources for using art in the classroom. The site contains links to four lesson plans that teach students how to analyze art, for example, teaching the basics of composition. The site contains over 20 pieces of art from various periods in U.S. history. A short essay with background information and analysis accompanies each piece of art. There are resource guides for using art, including a guide designed specifically for younger students.

George Washington: A National Treasure

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Oil on canvas, "George Washington," Gilbert Stuart, 1796
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This national exhibit focuses on the Lansdowne portrait of George Washington, painted by Gilbert Stuart in 1796 (the last painting of Washington before his death). An historic tour from the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery, this painting traveled across the country to eight major cities—Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Seattle, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, Little Rock, and New York City—for the first time. Currently, Internet users may explore this historical portrait at the above listed site using three different filters: symbolic, biographic, and artistic. Each filter highlights a distinct component of the portrait, provides background information, and offers an interpretation of each individual element. In addition, the site contains biographical information on Washington's life and a teaching section for kids.