The Bicentennial of 1812

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Print, British valour and Yankee boasting, 1813, George Cruikshank, LoC
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How much do your students know about the War of 1812? Why was the war fought? Where did the battles take place? Who won? This year marks the bicentennial of this often-overlooked war, which helped shape the identities and boundaries of North American nations in the early years of U.S. independence from Great Britain. To commemorate the bicentennial and raise awareness of this period in U.S. (and Canadian) history, organizations across the country (and across the northern border) are creating teaching resources and planning events for 2012.

Interested in exploring maritime history with your students? The fledgling U.S. Navy played an important role in this war. Visit Ourflagwasstillthere.org, the official U.S. Navy hub for bicentennial events and resources. This website storehouses links to War of 1812 materials across the Internet, including performances of "The Star-Spangled Banner," essays on historical subjects, videos, archeology updates, educational resources, and more. Don't forget to check the dates when tall ships will visit 12 cities pivotal to the war. Will the ships sail anywhere near you?

While you may not be on the Navy's route, you may still teach near historic sites related to the War of 1812. Take a look! Many such sites have commemorative and educational events planned, and some offer online educational resources, as well. Here are some examples:

  • The Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail offers an educators resource guide and short essays on historical topics. A National Park System work in progress, this trail will unite War of 1812 historic sites throughout the Chesapeake region.
  • Maryland's Bicentennial Commission has created a list of Maryland historic sites related to 1812. The commission's website also rounds up resources for teachers, including links to lesson plans and primary sources, and provides a downloadable Teacher Resource Guide. Maryland's Fort McHenry, the fort made famous by "The Star-Spangled Banner," also offers lesson plans. (Learn more about the fort on its official National Park Service website.)
  • In Massachusetts, the USS Constitution Museum remembers the place of tall ships in the War of 1812 with on-site events and the online exhibit A Sailor's Life for Me!
  • The Michigan Bicentennial Commission lists Michigan historical sites and links to War of 1812 lesson plans and teaching resources.
  • The Ohio Bicentennial Commission website lists 1812 resources, events, and related Ohio historic sites. Apply for the Ohio Historical Society's National Endowment for the Humanities-sponsored workshop, "The War of 1812 in the Great Lakes and Western Territories," and explore some of those sites while learning content and new teaching strategies!
  • Virginia's Bicentennial Commission website lists War of 1812 historic sites in Virginia and provides information about historical figures and events from the war. Check out Colonial Williamsburg's lesson plan on the influence of economics on the war, as well.

Don't limit your search for resources to the U.S.! Online, you can find resources created by Canada for the bicentennial as well. How do the stories and viewpoints in these resources differ from those in resources created by organizations in the U.S.? Visit 1812, a bi-national U.S./Canadian effort, lists historic sites related to the War of 1812 and provides a starting point for exploring Canadian historic sites and resources. For instance, the bicentennial website of Amherstburg, Ontario, features an essay on the War of 1812, as well as an interactive map describing historic points in the town.

Resources for Teaching the War of 1812

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Earlier this year, we looked at what historic sites were doing to celebrate the bicentennial of the War of 1812. But how can you teach the bicentennial in your classroom?

Teachinghistory.org has gathered together lesson plans, teaching strategies, online videos, websites featuring primary sources, quizzes, and other valuable resources on our War of 1812 spotlight page. With these resources, you can introduce your students to the perspectives of Canada, the U.S., Great Britain, and Native American peoples on the war, trace the history of our national anthem, and investigate the early days of the U.S. Navy.

But we aren't the only organization collecting and creating resources for the bicentennial! Find more materials to enhance your curriculum with these ideas:

  • Scour the Naval History and Heritage Command's collection of War of 1812 bicentennial resources. It may take a little exploration, but you'll find 19th-century artwork picturing the naval battles of the war, biographies of historical figures, event announcements, quick facts, and primary and secondary sources.
  • Download lesson plans from Fort McHenry, site of the battle that inspired Francis Scott Key to write "Defence of Fort McHenry" (more often called "The Star-Spangled Banner").
  • Find more lesson plans on the Friends of Fort McHenry website. Together with the National Park Service (NPS), the Friends developed curriculum for grades 4–8 on Fort McHenry and the War of 1812.
  • Explore the fort with a NPS Teaching with Historic Places lesson plan.
  • Peruse an 18-page guide to War of 1812-related teaching materials available on the Internet, collated by the Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail.
  • Check out Maryland's downloadable War of 1812 resource guide, as well as their lesson plan directories featuring links to resources elsewhere on the Web.
  • Browse curriculum sources collected together by the U.S. Navy's official bicentennial page, Ourflagwasstillthere.org.
  • Head to sea with the USS Constitution Museum's A Sailor's Life for Me, an interactive experience for students set in the War of 1812. Enrich the experience with guidelines for teaching the war and more than 250 lesson plans.
  • Make cross-curricular connections with the lesson plans from All Hands on Deck!, another resource from the USS Constitution museum.
  • Read and analyze President James Madison's war message in a set of three lesson plans from EDSITEment.
  • Enhance understanding of the many ways people perceived the war with PBS's lesson plans designed to accompany the documentary The War of 1812.
  • Discover artifacts from the war at the Smithsonian Institution's History Explorer.
  • Compare images of the Capitol, burned by the British in 1814, using a lesson idea from the Library of Congress.

Causation: The War of 1812 and the Star-Spangled Banner

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A great way for students to learn more about the War of 1812 and our nation's emblem: the Star-Spangled Banner.

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Description

In this lesson students explore the War of 1812 and learn about the historical background of the national anthem and the American flag.

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Noting that textbooks for grades 3 through 8 often exclude the War of 1812, the Smithsonian’s History Explorer website designed this lesson to teach students about the origins and outcomes of this pivotal event in American history. This lesson also provides students with historical context for understanding one of the most popular and enduring texts in American history: "The Star-Spangled Banner," written by Francis Scott Key.

The strength of this lesson is that it provides a succinct, yet informative, narrative of the causes, course, and consequences of the War of 1812. This overview, which examines the origins of the national anthem, could be used as a basis for a lecture or directly given to students as a handout.

The discussion questions at the end of the narrative focus on the American and British motives for going to war and the importance of Washington, DC in the war. While these questions summarize important content, we recommend that teachers use the information from this lesson to help students analyze "The Star-Spangled Banner" as an historical text. For that purpose, the lesson contains several links to both background information and resources pertaining to both the anthem and the flag. (Note that this interactive feature also helps students understand the nature of historic preservation.)

This lesson provides such rich contextual information about the War of 1812 and about Francis Scott Key that we recommend modifying it and using it to inquire about the origins of "The Star-Spangled Banner" as it relates to the War of 1812.

Topic
The War of 1812 and the Star-Spangled Banner
Time Estimate
3 to 5 class periods
flexibility_scale
3
Rubric_Content_Accurate_Scholarship

Yes

Rubric_Content_Historical_Background

Yes

The main resource is a background essay.
It is brief, informative, and lays the groundwork for sourcing and contextualizing "The Star-Spangled Banner."

Rubric_Content_Read_Write

Yes
Requires students to read. Writing activities could easily be developed to support this activity.

Rubric_Analytical_Construct_Interpretations

No
Not explicitly. But several of the extensions and recommended resources do require students to interpret sources. (For an example, see this link)

Rubric_Analytical_Close_Reading_Sourcing

No
No, given that the main text is an authorless overview. But the available information can help students analyze "The Star-Spangled Banner."

Rubric_Scaffolding_Appropriate

Yes

Rubric_Scaffolding_Supports_Historical_Thinking

No

Rubric_Structure_Assessment

Yes
Discussion questions at the end ask students to consider multiple perspectives. However, no specific assessment criteria are included.

Rubric_Structure_Realistic

Yes
The reading level and language is appropriate for young learners.

Rubric_Structure_Learning_Goals

No
Useful resources, but the lesson is mostly a narrative about the War of 1812.