Fort Smith National Historic Site [AR]

Description

Fort Smith National Historic Site encompasses the remains of two forts, as well as the Federal Court for the Western District of Arkansas, the circa 1838 Commissary Building, and a reconstructed gallows. The original fort, Fort Smith, was in use between 1817 and 1824. The Commissary Building supplied food to troops stationed at the fort, and is currently furnished to its 1850s appearance. The visitor's center, located within the historic barracks, courthouse, and jail, contains the courtroom of Judge Parker and exhibits on the Trail of Tears, the federal court, and the military. The Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muscogee Creek, and Seminole walked the Trail of Tears from their ancestral homelands to Indian Territory, an area defined by the U.S. government. The fort served as training grounds for both Mexican War and Civil War soldiers. By 1872, the military compound was transformed into a courthouse and jail. It continued to function as such until 1896. Judge Isaac Parker (1838-1896) is the most famous of the judges who served at this courthouse. Known as the "Hanging Judge," during his 21 years at the fort Parker ordered the execution of 160 men. All of these convictions were for rape or murder, both of which, in the period following the Civil War, were federally required to be punished by death. Many of these cases involved acts of violence between European Americans and Native Americans. The site collections include over 225,000 artifacts.

The visitor's center offers exhibits, films, and period rooms. The Commissary Building offers period rooms. The site offers a walking trail with wayside exhibits on the Trail of Tears, Junior Ranger activities, educational programs, anniversary lectures on punishment and specific executions, in-service educator workshops, and outreach presentations. Reservations and at least two weeks notice is required for school groups. The website offers historic images, an interactive panoramic photograph, a webcam, an artifact of the month, a pre-visit PowerPoint presentation, teaching modules, lesson plans, videos for rental, photograph exhibits for rental, and word searches.

Dade Battlefield Historic State Park [FL]

Description

The battle that started the Second Seminole War is commemorated in January each year under the oaks of Dade Battlefield. On December 28, 1835, Seminole Indian warriors ambushed 108 soldiers at this site—only three soldiers survived. The park protects not only a historic battlefield, but also the natural communities as they existed when the soldiers and Seminoles battled over 180 years ago. The visitor center has information and displays about the battle and visitors can watch a twelve-minute video history, "This Land, These Men."

The park offers a short film, exhibits, tours, educational programs, and occasional recreational and educational events (including living history events).

Historical Society of Palm Beach County and Johnson Palm Beach County Museum [FL]

Description

The Historical Society of Palm Beach County promotes local history, in part through support of the Richard and Pat Johnson Palm Beach County Museum. Located in a historic 1916 courthouse, the museum presents artifacts that once belonged to Pre-Columbian inhabitants; Seminole Indians; early pioneers; the business and philanthropic community; educators; and influential leaders in communications, medicine, and politics.

The museum offers exhibits, a video display, and both self-guided and docent-guided tours. The society offers fourth-grade Florida history and preservation curricula, a seventh-grade county history and civics curriculum, several traveling trunks, docent-guided walking tours, lectures, an annual art contest with a historic theme, and a history institute for social studies and history teachers.

Paynes Creek Historic State Park [FL]

Description

During the 1840s, tensions between the settlers and Seminole Indians prompted authorities to establish a trading post in Florida's interior, away from settlements. Built in early 1849, the post was attacked and destroyed by renegade Indians that summer. In late 1849 Fort Chokonikla was built nearby as the first outpost in a chain of forts established to control the Seminoles. The Seminoles never attacked the fort, but the Army was nearly defeated by mosquitoes. A museum at the visitor center depicts the lives of Florida's Seminole Indians and pioneers during the 19th century.

The park offers exhibits, tours, short film screenings, and educational programs.

Andrew Jackson's Indian Policy

Description

This iCue Mini-Documentary describes Andrew Jackson's harsh attitudes against Native Americans, which led to the Indian Removal Act, forcing five eastern Indian tribes onto reservations in Oklahoma. Thousands of Indians died during the journey, which became known as "The Trail of Tears."

This feature is no longer available.

Reclaiming the Everglades: South Florida's Natural History, 1884-1934

Image
Annotation

This archive contains primary and secondary sources relating to reclamation efforts of the Everglades and the history of south Florida from 1884 to 1934. Comprising nearly 10,000 pages and images, the compilation includes personal correspondence; government publications, reports, and memos; and images, such as photographs, maps, and postcards. Materials document issues relating to the creation of national parks, including conflicting interests—public, private individual, and corporate—and government accountability.

The website also presents a photo exhibit, "The Everglades: Exploitation and Conservation," accompanied by a 1,000-word essay. Two additional features, an interactive timeline and 31 biographies of South Florida's most notable personalities, complete this project. This site will be of interest for those exploring the establishment of the Everglades National Park, the conservation movement, and the treatment of Native Americans, particularly the Seminoles.