Civics Online

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Painting, "Penn's Treaty with the Indians," Edward Hicks, c.1840-1844
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This site was designed as a resource for teachers and students of Civics, grades K-12, in Michigan public schools. The site provides access to 118 primary source documents and links to 71 related sites. Of these documents, 22 are speeches, 34 are photographs or paintings, and five are maps. The site is indexed by subject and "core democratic values" as determined by Michigan Curriculum Framework. A section for teachers includes one syllabi each for primary, middle, and high school courses. The syllabi are accompanied by interviews with the teacher who developed the assignments and by a student who participated in the curriculum, as well as by examples of student work. "Adventures in Civics" presents student visitors with a 178-word essay on Elian Gonzalez and an essay assignment for each grade level on what it means to be an American. The site links to six articles and 17 sites about Gonzalez.

Students may use a multimedia library, simultaneously searchable by era, grade-level, and core democratic value. The site also provides a timeline of American history with 163 entries (five to 500-words). The site provides a 1,000-word explanation of core democratic values and links to 41 other government and university sites about American history and civics. This site will probably be most interesting and useful for teachers looking for curriculum ideas.

Brooklyn's Eighteenth-Century Lott House

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Photo, The Lott House
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An archaeological exploration of a farmhouse built in early 18th-century Brooklyn that allows visitors to participate in a "virtual dig" to examine artifacts and documents relating to the lives of a Dutch family and their descendants. Chronicles the work done by Brooklyn College archaeologists and students, who have turned up evidence of slave rituals that originated in Africa and the existence of a secret garret room believed to have been used to hide slaves as part of the Underground Railroad in the 1840s. Provides family documents, including wills, probates, and deeds; oral histories of family members (including one audio file); old family recipes; field notes; student journals; an analysis of animal remains; a lesson in stratigraphy (study of rock strata); and approximately 30 photographs. Valuable for those studying family history and the use of material culture in determining ways of life in earlier periods of time. Links to The Lott House Restoration Project, which provides a tour of the house and additional information about the Lott family.

Literature Makes History: How Poets Helped End Slavery

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The Atlantic slave trade was abolished in 1808; but for 100 years before that a surprising number of writers denounced slavery in their creative works. Drawing on his recent book Amazing Grace, Professor Basker reveals how early, and how vehemently, poets shaped Anglo-American attitudes toward slavery. The anti-slavery poets range from famous figures like Pope, Wheatley, Wordsworth, and Coleridge, to long-forgotten women, former slaves, and others recovered from the oblivion of historical neglect.

Resources for Martin Luther King Jr. Day

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This year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day falls on January 16. Created and first observed in the 1980s, this holiday honors the life of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and the philosophy of nonviolent protest. Do you teach the day in your classroom? How do you teach it? Do you focus on King's life and work? Do you look at the Civil Rights Movement as a whole? Do you talk about citizenship and social action? Do you encourage students to participate in the Martin Luther King Jr. Day of Service?

No matter how you approach the day, our Martin Luther King Jr. Day spotlight page can help. Browse the page to find teaching strategies, quizzes, website reviews, online lectures, and more on Martin Luther King Jr., the Civil Rights Movement, and active citizenship.

Explore materials on other websites as well:

  • Teach with the picture book biography Martin's Big Words using the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History guide.
  • Introduce students to Dr. King's policies of nonviolence with two lesson plans from EDSITEment. (Search the site for more lesson plans on the Civil Rights Movement and social reform.)
  • The National Archives and Records Administration preserves documents created before King's assassination, as well as other notable materials related to King, including the official program from the March on Washington.
  • The Library of Congress "Today in History" feature for January 15 leads you into its collections on Dr. King and African American history.
  • Explore back issues of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History online journal History Now for essays, lesson plans, suggested resources, and more.
  • Watch videos, view photographs, and listen to speeches related to Martin Luther King Jr. on HISTORY.com's Martin Luther King Jr. topic page.
  • Read about Martin Luther King Jr.'s work with the labor movement and watch a short video clip from the American Federation of Teachers.

Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America

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From the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History website:

"Professor Ira Berlin of the University of Maryland, in a lecture from 2000, examines the differences between the history of slavery and the memory of slavery in the United States and how those differences affect our views of slavery and race today. He focuses his discussion on the charter generations of Africans who were brought to the North American colonies before the establishment of the plantation system; the plantation generations who primarily worked on large plantations in the Low Country, the Chesapeake, and the Deep South; the Revolutionary generations who came of age at the end of the eighteenth century and witnessed and participated in the remaking of black life; and the migration generations of slaves, who were victims of the growing internal slave trade."

Slave Badges

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slave badge
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I am attempting to make a lesson plan for 4th graders about slave badges. I was wondering how I could make this lesson tangible for this age group, and how to make the information come across clearly. What types of activities could I use? I also intend to compare slavery and indentured servitude. I would be using SC Standard 4.2 and indicator 4–2.6.

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Slave badges, which served as a kind of work license for slaves in the Charleston area, are unique historical artifacts. As such, beginning a lesson with an image of the artifact—something that can be found with relative ease online—is a great way to raise historical questions.

So, beginning with an image, ask your students what they see. There is much to observe here: a date, a number, a year, a job description. It is made of copper and is 1.5 inches square; there is a hole at the top.

Once students have listed all of their observations, ask them what questions they have. Even 4th graders will likely ask some fundamentally historical questions, like “what was this used for?” or “where was it placed?”

Once students have compiled a list of questions, provide them with the materials that they need to find answers. Whether this means sending them to their textbooks or to excerpts of articles like this from the Smithsonian magazine, students will be motivated to piece together the historical puzzle you have presented.

Bringing them back together as a class, you might ask them to present their findings. If they already know about indentured servitude, this might be a good time to discuss the two systems of bondage in comparison with each other. There are several comparisons of slavery and indentured servitude on the web, including one from the Library of Congress and one from History Now.

You might also ask new questions as a class—“who benefitted from the use of slave badges”—that require a bit more coaching from an adult.

Good luck!

An Enduring Spirit

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From the Colonial Williamsburg: Past and Present Podcasts site—

"Edith Cumbo was a rare individual in colonial Virginia: a free African woman. Learn about her life and her stature in this interview with Emily James."

A Dangerous Job

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In this podcast, Harmony Hunter interviews James Ingram, member of Colonial Williamsburg's Nation Builders program. The Nation Builders program is about giving a voice to more than just well-known historical figures in America's history. Specifically, Ingram discusses his portrayal of Gowan Pamphlet, the first ordained slave preacher in America.

Interested listeners can learn more about Gowan Pamphlet by clicking here for biographical information on the slave preacher.

Or would you rather learn more about colonial religion in general? Colonial Williamsburg also offers an overview of various aspects of 18th century religious beliefs and practices.

Merging Cultures

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From Colonial Williamsburg: Past and Present Podcasts—

"Many West African cultures make landfall in colonial Virginia, where they adapt and adopt traits that will form the basis of a new African American culture. Historian Rose McAphee describes the blend."

Interested in learning more about Colonial African Americans? Click here to discover more about the African American experience in Virginia.

Freedom Bound

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From Colonial Williamsburg: Past and Present Podcasts

"Slavery gains a foothold in the American colonies as early as 1619. In the years that follow, laws and resistance grow around the institution with equal determination. Dr. Cassandra Newby-Alexander discusses slavery's early path."

A short video (or "vodcast") accompanies this podcast, and can be accessed here.