Puerto Rico Encyclopedia/Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico

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Visitors to this site will find more than 1,000 images and dozens of videos about the history and culture of Puerto Rico. The work of dozens of scholars and contributors, the Puerto Rico Encyclopedia reflects the diverse nature of the island: a U.S. territory, a key location for trade in the Caribbean, a Spanish-speaking entity with its own distinct culture, and a part of a larger Atlantic world. Funded by an endowment from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Fundación Angel Ramos, the site is a key product from the Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades. It provides users with all content in both English and Spanish. Educators will find the site easy to navigate and conveniently categorized by themes; within each topic, appropriate subtopics provide an in-depth examination of Puerto Rican culture and history. Of particular interest to U.S. History teachers are the images and information found under History and Archeology. Here, teachers and students can explore a chronological narrative of the island's history and role at specific moments in U.S. and Atlantic history. Other sections worth exploring are Archeology (for its focus on Native American culture), Puerto Rican Diaspora (for its look at Puerto Ricans in the U.S.), and Government (for a detailed history on Puerto Rico's unique status as a free and associated US territory). Educators in other social science courses will also find valuable information related to music, population, health, education, and local government. In all, 15 sections and 71 subsections provide a thorough examination of Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rico Encyclopedia's bilingual presentation also makes it a good site for integrating Hispanic culture into the U.S. History curriculum, as well as helping to bridge curriculum for English Language Learners (ELLs) in the classroom.

Laura Jernegan: Girl on a Whaleship

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In 1868, Laura Jernegan, six-year-old daughter of a whaling captain, put to sea with her parents and younger brother. This website, created by the Martha's Vineyard Museum, explores her family's four-year whaling expedition, focusing on Laura's own diary.

Two narratives ground the exhibit: "The Story of Whaling" and "Laura's Story." Each narrative is divided up into three sections—"Before the Voyage," "The Voyage" and "After the Voyage"—and consists of 14—15 individual "chapters," each a short essay of approximately 300—1600 words. "The Story of Whaling" describes the rise and fall of the whaling industry and the nature of a whaling voyage, including preparation and hiring crew.

"Laura's Story" narrates the voyage of the Roman, the ship on which Laura and her family set sail. The voyage included a stay in Hawaii, mutiny, and the Roman's sinking in the Arctic (everyone survived). "Laura's Story" also looks at the lives of Laura and her family before and after the voyage, as young children and as adults. Each essay include links to images, descriptions, and other sections of the website that clarify and enrich the text.

For Laura's own description of her time at sea, "Explore Laura's Journal" lets visitors browse her 43-page journal. Written in a child's bold handwriting, the journal is short and easy to read, and can be viewed in the original scans, as a text transcript, or with a magic lens feature that translates the writing into print as the mouse runs over a page.

Further background information supports the two narratives and Laura's journal, including:

  • "About Whales," a mini-exhibit answering basic questions about six whale species;
  • an interactive timeline reaching from 1774 to 1955, including both general world history events and whaling events;
  • "Explore the Ship," a diagram of a whaling ship that visitors can click for information on crew positions and parts of the ship; and
  • a "Map of Whaling."

This interactive world map lets visitors display features from six sets of information, turning each set on or off and overlaying them. The sets include the four routes of the Roman's journey, three typical whaling routes, posts and sites important to whaling, 1878 whaling grounds for four species, major ocean currents, and whale migration patterns for three species.

Finally, visitors can view zoomable photographs of 175 different whaling-related objects in "Artifacts," read the descriptions of 15 crew positions in "Meet the Crew," and browse 16 pieces of logbook art, 36 photos, and 53 whaling-related images in the "Picture Gallery." An A-to-Z glossary offers definitions for 180 historical and whaling terms. Visitors can also explore the biographies of five people, including all of the members of the Jernegan family and, in "More About," can read 10 more 1,000-3,000-word essays on subjects like race and whaling, women and whaling, and 19th-century children's literature.

In the "For Teachers" section, educators can download two units on whaling: a four-lesson unit for grades 1–3, or a six-lesson unit for 4–5. "For Further Study" features a bibliography of 75 books for children and adults and eight annotated links.

A thorough website centered around a very unique primary source—use it to invite young children into history through the voice of a peer!

Finding a Speaker Willing to Use Digital Networks

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Question

Is there a historian that would be willing to Skype a 4th-grade classroom on the American Revolution?

Answer

There are two levels to your question—how does one find a historian who would speak to a 4th-grade class, and how does one find a historian who will Skype into the classroom? The first question is much simpler than the first. In my experience, historians greatly value current and future students of the discipline, so I often find they are quite receptive to opportunities to talk about their subjects. At the American Historical Association we maintain fairly wide-ranging databases of faculty in almost every field of specialization, and regularly suggest names of specialists that might speak on particular historical topics.

While a growing number are willing to experiment with technologies such as Skype, most tend to just dismiss them as too much trouble

The next question you should ask is—how generally you want someone to speak on the topic? For instance, would you be looking for someone who could provide a broad overview and then take questions from students, or would you be more interested in someone who could talk in some greater depth about a specific aspect of the Revolution? There are hundreds of historians who work and teach in this area of American history to choose from, but that is where the added criteria about finding a historian who will Skype into the classroom creates a complication. In a survey of historians conducted last year, AHA found that they are much more likely to use technologies for personal research than interpersonal communications and teaching. That statistic certainly bears out in my work with other members of the discipline. While a growing number are willing to experiment with technologies such as Skype, most tend to just dismiss them as too much trouble. I often have to coax historians to participate in meetings with Skype, even though they often find it all much simpler and easier to use than expected. Hopefully, as these technologies become more ubiquitous that problem will disappear, but for now it would significantly complicate your request. I can't think of any databases other than our directories of history departments and members. (Unfortunately they are gated, though I am always happy to dig into them for anyone who writes or calls looking for help.) Part of the problem may be that I am a little too stuck in the world of academics. The best first step for finding a potential speaker is probably to just look on your bookshelves for the authors of books on the subject, or even Wikipedia, which has a pretty good list of popular surveys on the topic. From there, a quick Google search on the author's name will usually take you to their faculty page, which will almost always have an email address. You really don't have to be shy about writing to ask them if they would be willing to speak to your class. A simple and direct request, noting that you are trying to develop your students' appreciation of history and desire to help them understand how history gets made should elicit a generous response. Even if they cannot assist, they are likely to have a student or two who also writes on the subject and could also be asked to serve. In my experience, most historians are happy to assist as time and opportunity allows.

Bibliography

Ask a Master Teacher

American Historical Association Accessed March 2, 2011.

Humanities and Social Sciences Online. Last Modified March 2, 2011.

OIEAHC - Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture. "Institute Colloquium." Accessed March 2, 2011.

Animoto

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What is it?

Animoto takes photographs and allows users to add sound and text, as well as control some editing of the video project, in order to share stories through a short video presentation. Students will find the ability to express themselves through new media tools an attractive aspect of Animoto, and teachers can utilize this tool as a way to bridge curriculum and student engagement or develop digital storytelling projects. For students and teachers tired of PowerPoint presentations, Animoto is just as easy to use and provides a wider multimedia experience.

Getting Started

Pre-planning is a helpful first step in creating your video project. Gather all images and video clips and save them in a desktop folder. If a particular soundtrack serves the needs of the project, make sure the sound clip or song is in .mp3 format. Finally, on a piece of paper, sketch out the storyboard for the video—in particular the placement of text in the video. Animoto offers a handful of different account types that vary in price from personal to business.  The "Professional" account priced at $22/month ($264/year) is the most common and offers HD quality videos, more than 25 professional fonts, and pre-built storyboards.

Once images and videos are uploaded, users can click and drag images at will in order to construct a desired sequence. Other features allow users to spotlight certain images or videos for a more focused display during the final presentation...

After users open an account, the first step is to upload photos and videos via three options: from files on the computer, from Animoto's own collection of photographs, or from another website. Uploading images and videos from the computer allows users to select multiple files and conduct a batch upload. Once images and videos are uploaded, users can click and drag images at will in order to construct a desired sequence. Other features allow users to spotlight certain images or videos for a more focused display during the final presentation, add text slides, rotate and/or duplicate images, and delete any unwanted selections. It is worthwhile to note that one of Animoto’s biggest drawbacks is the limit placed on text entries. Text restrictions may prove to be frustrating for users, but one simple way to bypass these limits is to create a PowerPoint slide with the desired text, save that PowerPoint slide as a .jpg image, and then import the file as a picture into Animoto. Step two directs users to add a music file, or soundtrack, to the video either through Animoto’s own selection of songs or your own .mp3 files. Users can also select at which point the music begins. The final step is the editing process and finalization, where users can establish the speed of transitions, the design template, and select whether the video is short (30 seconds) or full length. After all selections are made, users go to the final section where the credit information is provided for the title of the video and the creator(s). Here is where Animoto users will find a second frustration: once everything is ready to go, users select “create video” and the process of finalizing the video can often take quite a while. Nevertheless, Animoto emails video creators once the video is finalized . . . so you don’t have to wait around. (Update: Animoto’s site updates may have fixed the speed delay in finalizing videos.)

Examples

Teachinghistory.org used a quick mock-up video at the 2011 AHA conference to show attendees how five simple images can tell a story. Other video examples include The American History of Chocolate, The Great Exchange, and Civil Rights.

For more information

Animoto’s website, as well as their education page.

USA Today’s blog TechnologyLive looks at the updates and improvements of Animoto.

Review an abstract on "Animoto and language acquisition in the classroom." İrgin, Pelin and Yildiz Turgut "Using Animoto for Language Education" The International Journal of Learning 16 (2009): 1-8.

Students Working in Local Historic Preservation

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What Is It?

History comes alive when students volunteer at their local historical society museum and they learn the art and value of historical preservation. This service-learning project bridges the needs of a museum that was understaffed with the opportunity for students to practice being historians.

Rationale

Every community across America has a story to tell through its architecture, its people, its use of space, its resources, and its role in the larger American narrative. Our town has a rich history that dates back to the colonial period and like many small towns, we have a historical society with a museum that houses a rich collection of historical documents and artifacts that tell the story of our past. However, because of limited funds, a lack of proper materials for preserving items of historical value, and few volunteers, we were in danger of losing much of this collection. As a history teacher I’m always searching for ways to make the study of history relevant to my students. Providing them with an opportunity to volunteer at the museum seemed like a perfect way to marry the interests of our local community with my objectives as a history teacher. I hoped that through this experience my students would develop greater appreciation for preserving history and an understanding of the methods used in historical preservation. This partnership could also help bring the museum into the 21st century by creating a database of the museum’s collection that could be shared with the public and school groups. In addition it would give students a glimpse into the work of historians, preservationists, archivists, and archaeologists.

Description
As a history teacher I’m always searching for ways to make the study of history relevant to my students

I contacted the director of the historical society museum to discuss the possibility of using students in the museum to help with their work. The staff was cautiously optimistic, though concerned about adolescents working with valuable documents. When they agreed, I asked four of my capable, dedicated students who had expressed an interest in this work to help me launch the program. Each year I have added students to the group and currently 14 students work one to two hours weekly under the supervision of a volunteer museum staff member. It has been rewarding to observe my students doing work of great value, and it provides the museum with the work it needs to give the community a glimpse into their past.

Teacher Preparation/Procedure

1. Contact your local historical society or museum and ask what opportunities are available for your students. I made an initial phone call to introduce myself and to ask about possible projects. I then visited the museum to meet the director and to work out details of the project. 2. Determine the interest level of your students. Students are always looking for ways to improve their chances at college acceptance. This opportunity was intriguing because of its uniqueness and because it would provide them with community service hours that many need for scouting, National Honor Society, or just because they want to be more involved. I also introduce them to the value of historic preservation and help them to recognize the community need to preserve the artifacts and documents housed in our museum. 3. Get approval from school administrators. 4. Provide students with permission slips to be completed by their parents. 5. Conduct an orientation meeting for students and museum workers. This is held at the historical society museum and the museum staff introduces the students to the workplace and discusses the type of projects they will work on. A survey form is provided to the students to gauge their interest and availability. 6. Create a schedule for volunteers indicating dates and hours they are expected to work. I post this in my classroom so that I know who is working on a daily basis. I also maintain an email chain that is shared with the museum staff. 7. Students must have transportation to and from the museum. Students in my district are bused so they are able to use the school buses to get to the museum after school. Parents must provide transportation home. 8. Visit the museum periodically when students are working to encourage them and see their progress. I volunteer one day a week myself and work along with the students, although this is certainly not necessary for the program to be successful. 9. At the end of the season, the museum hosted a special presentation for students, parents, and school administrators to showcase the work of the volunteers. It included a PowerPoint presentation featuring each student and the work that he/she accomplished. This was a wonderful celebration to demonstrate the students’ accomplishments and efforts. 10. Contact your local newspapers to advertise what students have done for the community. This will go a long way in getting support for your efforts and in encouraging more students to participate.

Pitfalls
  • Be sure the students understand the seriousness of their work and the importance of honoring their commitments. You may want to wait for the school year to be underway before beginning. We actually begin in January and end in May. By then I know my students better and can determine who is best suited for the program.
  • We volunteer during two different sports seasons so the group I begin with may not be the group I end with. Be open to substituting students over time. I don’t turn anyone away even if they cannot commit to the entire program.
  • Students should discuss carpools and transportation issues.
  • Have a phone/email chain for messages and communication.
  • Inclement weather and vacation schedules should be discussed.
Be sure the students understand the seriousness of their work and the importance of honoring their commitments
Additional Resources for Teachers

National Trust for Historic Preservation This site provides teachers with a rationale for teaching historic preservation and a series of articles and model lesson plans that can be incorporated into K-12 classrooms. The focus is on teaching students the value of preservation and to provide them with opportunities to be actively involved in the history of their community through preservation projects. Examples of articles range from how to conduct oral histories to how to “adopt” a historic site. Advisory Council on Historic Preservation A step-by-step approach to describe what a historic preservation service learning project looks like. The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, in concert with the Preserve America Foundation, is committed to encouraging students to take on service learning projects that will enhance their understanding of American history and allow them to gain a greater appreciation for preservation efforts. The site also includes articles highlighting the commitment of our President and First Lady in recognizing the contributions of citizens who effectively engage in historic preservation projects. National Council for Preservation Education Guide to undergraduate programs in preservation. Teachers and guidance counselors might find this helpful in advising students who have a particular interest in historic preservation programs. Teaching with Historic Places Provides teachers with lesson plans that focus on students acting as historians as they learn about sites that are listed on the National Registry of Historic Places. The lesson plans are categorized by state, theme, time period, and skills. The intent is that students will learn history in a more active way and come to appreciate our nation’s cultural resources.

Acknowledgments

A special thank you to the members of the local historical society who have patiently guided my students in the art of preservation and provided us with a firsthand opportunity to learn history.