Lincoln: A Life of Purpose and Power

Description

Richard Carwardine is Rhodes Professor of American History at Oxford University, author of Lincoln: A Life of Purpose and Power, and winner of the 2004 Lincoln Book Prize. In this lecture, he discusses different aspects of Lincoln's life. Why is Lincoln a mythic figure? How early in his career did he develop his views against slavery? What role did religion play in his life? Professor Carwardine analyzes Lincoln's greatness as well as his humility.

The Emancipation Proclamation

Description

According to the Gilder Lehrman website, "Henry L. Luce Professor of the Civil War Era and Professor of History at Gettysburg College Allen Guelzo examines Abraham Lincoln's motivations for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation in January of 1863. Guelzo contends that the proclamation is among the most misunderstood of the Civil War era, a necessary and even desperate attempt by Lincoln to enact a form of emancipation that would pass legal muster. Guelzo traces the evolution of Lincoln's views on emancipation with particular emphasis on the strategic and moral calculus that factored into the momentous proclamation of 1863."

Causes of the American Revolution

Question

What were the causes of the American Revolution?

Textbook Excerpt

Textbooks tend to emphasize a political and military story that makes the American Revolution seem like a unified, logical, and inevitable event.

Source Excerpt

Primary sources reveal the diversity and complexity of the revolutionary movement. There was no single American Revolution, but many different American revolutions.

Historian Excerpt

Historians emphasize the diversity of participants, contradictions among their motives, and the variety of long-term causes of the American Revolution.

Abstract

Most elementary and middle school American history textbooks continue to portray the coming of the American Revolution in terms of a series of discrete political and military events that culminated, more or less inevitably, in the separation of the North American colonies from Great Britain. Little attention is given to underlying social conditions, the diversity among participants, and the wide variety of intellectual traditions that contributed to the revolutionary movement. By ignoring the insights of new scholarship, textbooks fail to convey a sense of the long-term causes of the Revolution, the movement's tremendous complexity, or its limitations as well as its achievements.

Reconstruction

Description

Donald L. Miller and Waldo E. Martin, Jr. follow the Civil War from after the Battle of Vicksburg to its conclusion and into Reconstruction, from 1863 to 1875. The presentation looks at the Battle of Gettysburg and the Gettysburg Address; Lincoln's reelection and assassination; Reconstruction challenges and policies, including the expectations of the newly freed slaves; the presidencies of Andrew Jackson and Ulysses S. Grant; and the reemergence of white supremacy and racial violence in the South.

African-American Perspectives: Pamphlets from 1818-1907

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Image, Pamphlets from the Daniel A. P. Murray Collection, 1818-1907
Annotation

Nineteenth-century African American pamphlets and documents, most produced between 1875 and 1900, are presented on this website. These 350 works include sermons, organization reports, college catalogs, graduation orations, slave narratives, Congressional speeches, poetry, and play scripts.

Topics cover segregation, civil rights, violence against African Americans, and the African colonization movement. Authors include Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Benjamin W. Arnett, Alexander Crummel, and Emanuel Love. Publication information and short content descriptions accompany each pamphlet.

The site also offers a timeline of African American history from 1852 to 1925 and reproductions of original documents and illustrations. A special presentation "The Progress of a People," recreates a meeting of the National Afro-American Council in December 1898. This is a rich resource for studying 19th- and early 20th-century African American leaders and representatives of African American religious, civic, and social organizations.

Africans in America

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Image for Africans in America
Annotation

Created as a companion to the PBS series of the same name, this well-produced site traces the history of Africans in America through Reconstruction in four chronological parts. The site provides 245 documents, images, and maps linked to a narrative essay.

"The Terrible Transformation" (1450–1750) deals with the beginning of the slave trade and slavery's growth. "Revolution" (1750–1805) discusses the justifications for slavery in the new nation. "Brotherly Love" (1791–1831) traces the development of the abolition movement. "Judgment Day" (1831–1865) describes debates over slavery, strengthening of sectionalism, and the Civil War. In addition to the documents, images, maps, and essay (approximately 1,500 words per section), the site presents 153 brief (150-word) descriptions by historians of specific aspects on the history of slavery, abolition, and war in America. The site provides a valuable introduction to the study of African-American history through the Civil War.

An American Family: The Beecher Tradition

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Photo, Picture of the Beecher family, Matthew Brady, c. 1850
Annotation

This exhibit, based on an exhibit at the William and Anita Newman Library of the City University of New York, explores the history of the Beechers, a New England family influential in religious, abolitionist, and women's rights movements. The site provides 500-word biographies, photographs, and excerpts from letters for seven members of the Beecher family, beginning with patriarch Lyman Beecher, Presbyterian minister and President of Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati. It also profiles Lyman's two wives; five of his children, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin and more than 30 other works; and his great-granddaughter Charlotte Perkins Gilman, women's rights activist and author of Women and Economics. The site also offers links to six related websites and a bibliography of six related scholarly works. It is a good resource for those researching abolitionism, women's rights, or the lives of the Beechers.

Digital History

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Image for Digital History
Annotation

These multimedia resources for teaching American history focus on slavery, ethnic history, private life, technological achievement, and American film. There are more than 600 documents on the history of Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and slavery, from "first encounters" through the Civil War.

A complete U.S. history textbook is presented, along with historical newspaper articles and more than 1,500 annotated links, including 330 links to audio files of historic speeches, and nine links to audio files of historians discussing relevant topics. Ten essays (800 words) address past controversies, such as the Vietnam War, socialism, and the war on poverty. Seven essays present historical background on more recent controversies and essays of more than 10,000 words each address the history of American film and private life in America. Exhibits offer 217 photographs from a freedmen's school in Alabama and seven letters between 18th-century English historian Catharine Macaulay and American historian Mercy Otis Warren.

Denmark Vesey

Question

How do we define and understand resistance to slavery in regards to the 1822 trial and execution of Denmark Vesey?

Textbook Excerpt

Most textbooks do not even mention Denmark Vesey or the slave insurrection panic of 1822 commonly associated with him. The few that do mention him (briefly) tend to portray Vesey as a heroic rebel against slavery who met a tragic end.

Source Excerpt

Primary sources remain ambiguous regarding Denmark Vesey and the slave revolt he allegedly planned. Court testimony implicating him was often provided by prisoners who had been tortured, much of the evidence was secondhand in nature, and some white Charlestonians at the time openly doubted that the plot had ever existed.

Historian Excerpt

Historians disagree about Vesey and his relationship to a Charleston slave revolt scare in 1822. Many see him as a hero who planned a major revolt against slavery. Others see him as a victim of a white conspiracy to kill black Americans as part of an effort to protect slavery.

Abstract

Most textbook authors have traditionally ignored or mentioned only very briefly Denmark Vesey and the 1822 insurrection plot in Charleston, SC, in their coverage and treatment of the development of slavery, its impact upon black Americans, the strategies employed by whites to preserve or strengthen the institution, and the strategies that were tried by black Americans to ameliorate life in slave society or to overturn slavery itself. A deeper and more nuanced examination of the trial records from the Vesey plot can complicate students' knowledge of how historians interpret the past as well as broaden their understanding of the politics of slavery, definitions of heroism and resistance to slavery, and the contours of daily life for slaves and free blacks in the antebellum South.