Freedom: A History of Us

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Photo, Slave named Gordon with whip scars, Wounds inflicted December 25, 1862
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This site complements the 16-part PBS television series of the same name. Based on Joy Hakim's award-winning U.S. history textbook series, the site explores the theme of freedom chronologically from the American Revolution to the Civil Rights movement and concluding with the inauguration of George W. Bush. Designed to help teachers find lesson plans or design their own curriculum, the site includes sample activities and historical primers, each based on one of the 16 "Webisodes," such as "Liberty for all?" or "Whose land is this?" Teachers can search for lesson plans by Webisode or by multiple subject matters, from mathematics to physical education. There is also an interactive timeline that links to photographs, paintings, biographies, and quizzes. The site is visually and textually rich, but most valuable for K-12 teachers and students.

Ghost Town Gallery

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Photo, Hancock, CO, Daniel Ter-Nedden, 2001
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Designed to document approximately 180 ghost towns in Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Montana, Nevada, California, Idaho, and Utah, this site features more than 1,700 photographs taken in the year 2000 of ghost towns across the west. About half the photographs include captions, while the other half do not. The site features a 750-word essay on the history of the Gold Rush, as well as an interactive map of the west that allows visitors to highlight a region, then an area, then a ghost town, to view photographs of the selected town.

Cleveland Digital Library

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Photo, A man standing on a ladder holds a..., Cuyahoga County Fair, 1964
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Featuring primarily maps, texts, and images, this gateway site is designed to be a resource for those interested in the history of the greater Cleveland area. The site includes approximately 35 journal articles (from journals such as the Saturday Evening Post) on the history of Cleveland, its newspapers, its railroads and industries, and a few prominent citizens; 36 digitized books; seven manuscript collections (three merely describe the contents of the collection, while four offer digitized resources); an audio file and a video file; two cartoon collections; and nine photograph collections, containing about 600 photographs. Although many of the collections are located on outside websites, visitors can access the collections by subject, date, geographic location, or format.

For educators, the site includes 20 lesson plans, under such categories as American Heritage and Democratic Process. The classroom activities are well-conceived; they feature problem solving and critical thinking exercises like the Mystery Photo Album, in which students attempt to figure out where in the Cleveland area historical photographs were taken, and By the Neck Until Dead, an e-book that details the history of Cuyahoga County, OH, hangings. The site also maintains a list of local history websites.

Bob Hope and American Variety

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Cover, Life Magazine, February 4, 1946
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This tribute to Bob Hope examines his contributions to American culture and entertainment. The site includes a short (1,000 words with 150 photographs) history of vaudeville in the United States and four essays (1,000 words each) examining vaudeville's legacy. There is a 3,000-word biography of Hope, covering most of his 70-year career, and sections that deal with each of his many careers specifically. His early radio work, his long movie career, and his many television appearances are all documented.

Of particular interest are the 26 Bob Hope caricatures in photograph, cartoon, and sculpture. The Joke File includes six pages (out of a massive collection that exceeds 85,000 pages) of Hope's seasonal material. On the Road: USO Shows documents Hope's commitment to America's armed forces by highlighting his many trips overseas to entertain American troops. Although the essays are useful in explaining the relationship of vaudeville to American culture, the strength of the site is its approximately 250 primary sources (mostly photographs and documents).

Museum of Musical Instruments (MoMI)

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Lyre guitar, Clementi and Company, 1810
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The title of this site is somewhat misleading, as the history and artistry of the guitar and guitarists is the primary focus for the eight collections of images and 15 exhibitions—some produced in conjunction with other cultural institutions—that the site's creators, a collector and music scholar, offer. "Dangerous Curves: Art of the Guitar," an online version of a recent Boston Museum of Fine Arts exhibition, presents more than 20 photographs of guitars from the Baroque era to modern times, including a number of celebrity instruments. This exhibition provides up to 200-word annotations on each image and a 4,000-word essay. "Bound for Glory: The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie," a complement to the traveling Smithsonian Institution show, offers a 3,100-word narrative of the folksinger's life and songwriting career, with 23 audio files of songs and interviews, 32 photographs, four pieces of sheet music, and six reviews and articles on the original exhibition. "The Private Life of Mark Twain" displays photos of the author's 1834 Martin guitar, an edited version of Twain's poem "Genius," a 350-word article, an audio file of a song about Twain performed by the Kingston Trio, and a nine-minute National Public Record audio segment on Twain's guitar. O

ther exhibition topics include music in films, Elvis Presley, Django Reinhardt, music during World War II, and "the guitar as a potent sex symbol." The eight collections of images present historic guitars from the ragtime era to 1930s singing cowboy movies. The site also includes approximately 70 previously published articles on related topics. Valuable for those studying music history and American popular culture of the 20th century.

Digital Archive of American Architecture

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Sears House, Boston, A. Parris, 1818
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Provides nearly 1,500 images of 280 architecturally significant American buildings from the colonial era to the present, compiled by Professor Jeffery Howe for classroom use. Images are arranged according to period, location, architect, building type, and style. The site offers examples of houses, churches, public buildings, commercial buildings, and skyscrapers. It includes images from three World's Fairs, as well as sections on urban planning and comparative materials. Professor Howe also has digitized images and text from two mid-19th century books on design and ornament. Although image annotations are minimal, in conjunction with other materials, the images in this site will be useful to those studying American architectural history and urban history.

Meeting of Frontiers

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Chromolithograph, "Attack on Port Money," 1904
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In conjunction with the Russian State Library in Moscow, the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg, and the Rasmuson Library of the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, the Library of Congress has digitized more than 2,500 items, comprising approximately 70,000 images, and provided transcriptions and commentaries in English and Russian to offer a comparative history of American and Russian expansion through frontier territories in each nation's continent. The site presents an overview of expansion into Siberia and the American West in six sections: Exploration, Colonization, Development, Alaska, Frontiers and National Identity, and Mutual Perceptions. Each section contains from two to 11 modules that call attention to similarities and differences between the two histories with regard to subjects such as migration—forced and otherwise, missionaries, religious flight, mining, railroads, agriculture, cities, popular culture, and tourism, and even compares Cossacks with cowboys.

The site offers more than 40 complete books, including manuals, handbooks, fiction, and travelers accounts; 77 maps and one atlas; 438 items from the Russian-Ukrainian Pamphlet and Brochure Collection; materials from six complete manuscript collections, regarding exploration, trade, and commercial activities; four tour-of-the-century films; 125 newspaper articles; 11 dime novel covers; five photographic collections; and one sound recording of a Russian folk song. Provides a 500-title bibliography and links to 30 related sites. Valuable for those studying the American West and Russian history and investigating ways to explore frontiers of comparative histories in order to expand beyond limits of national history narratives. Listen to the audio review: .

George Washington: A National Treasure

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Oil on canvas, "George Washington," Gilbert Stuart, 1796
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This national exhibit focuses on the Lansdowne portrait of George Washington, painted by Gilbert Stuart in 1796 (the last painting of Washington before his death). An historic tour from the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery, this painting traveled across the country to eight major cities—Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Seattle, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, Little Rock, and New York City—for the first time. Currently, Internet users may explore this historical portrait at the above listed site using three different filters: symbolic, biographic, and artistic. Each filter highlights a distinct component of the portrait, provides background information, and offers an interpretation of each individual element. In addition, the site contains biographical information on Washington's life and a teaching section for kids.

HistoryWired: A Few of Our Favorite Things

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Postcard, "Chinese Actor Impersonating a Female Character," San Francisco
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An experimental presentation of 450 items in the Smithsonian Institution's American History collections, many of which are not on public display. Visitors to this virtual tour will find a map divided into regions representing broad subject categories that contain smaller rectangles standing for individual objects. Moving a mouse to a particular square results in the appearance of the name of the object, a thumbnail image, a date projected onto a timeline, and lines emanating out to relevant subject areas. Users can then click to learn more, finding a 100-200 word description, an option to zoom in closer, and often links to further information in other Smithsonian sites. Also searchable by keyword and category. Objects selected by curators "include famous, unusual, and everyday items with interesting stories to tell. They are not intended to be representative of the Museum's entire collection."

Categories reflect the wide range of the Institution's holdings, including clothing, arts/entertainment, business, science/medicine, photography, home, print/communications, transportation, military, computers, and sports. Includes audio and video items. Users can submit ratings for each object that will affect the future relative size of each square. Although innovative in design, the site may be disappointing to those searching for in-depth information about American history and culture; this is history-lite, with bells and whistles given more prominence than context and meaning.

Free Speech Movement: Student Protest, U.C. Berkeley, 1964-65

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Photo, "Mario Savio Speaking at FSM Rally," Ben Ailes?, October 2, 1984
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The Bancroft Library has put its entire archive of material on the Berkeley Free Speech Movement (FSM) online. A 200-word chronology introduces visitors to the major events of the movement. Printed material includes five books, 29 leaflets (200 to 3,000 words each) produced by the FSM, 55 letters to and from FSM activists, 11 local radical newsletters, 36 statements, 21 press releases, and six speeches made by students and university faculty and administration. Visitors may read complete transcripts of 10 oral histories of between 85 and 1,000 pages: eight with university administrators and faculty; two with FSM activists. A collection of legal documents includes 40 pages of trial transcripts and 400 letters from FSM activists to Judge Rupert Crittenden, who presided over their trials.

This site also provides researchers with the first public access to 96 photographs of FSM rallies and sit-ins taken by Ronald L. Enfield in 1964 and 1965. Materials from related organizations include 63 documents from nine contemporary protest movements at Berkeley. The site may be searched by subject, but is somewhat difficult to navigate because pages within the collection do not link directly to an index or the collection's home page. The site will be most useful to experienced researchers.