The History of Sanitary Sewers

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Documenting more than 5,000 years of sewage history, this site contains a plethora of sources addressing the historical, cultural, engineering, and even literary aspects of sewers. Beginning in roughly 3,500 BCE and continuing into the 20th century, the site includes a detailed timeline of major sewage developments, as well as links to histories of 14 major cities' sewage systems, including Washington, DC and Los Angeles.

In addition to two histories of the modern toilet, there are more than two dozen articles about aspects of sewage design, including short (500–1,000 word) introductions, engineering text, and even PDF diagrams. As well, there is a feature highlighting the many animals found living in metropolitan sewers and a virtual tour of the Paris, France, sewer system. A bibliography introduces users and researchers to major secondary works on sewage and sewer history. A Miscellaneous area collects literary references to sewers, including works by Robert Frost and Ben Jonson.

Washington History

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This website offers resources in Washington history through three main sections: historical records research, historical newspapers and classics in Washington history, and presentations. Historical records offers county census records, naturalization records, other miscellaneous records, and genealogical research resources, as well as searches of the state archive records and the state library catalog. The newspapers and classics feature allows visitors to search and view articles from four state newspapers dating back to 1852. Users can search the newspapers by keyword, topic, or personal name. This section also has 91 classic works on Washington history, searchable by keyword, grouped under topics of county and regional history, exploration and early travel, Native Americans, pioneer life, special collections, territorial government, and wagon trails and the Oregon Trail. Individual works can also be searched. (Newspaper articles and classics must be viewed using the DJVU plugin software, available for free download on the site.)

Additionally there is a Corps 33 bibliography of more than 35 works on the Lewis and Clark expedition. There are six presentations that allow visitors to explore Washington's territorial history through an interactive timeline featuring photographs and documents, view documents relating to World War I and profiles of Washington's soldiers, read the history and view historical photographs of cities, counties and corporations, browse a collection of historical maps of the state and the Pacific Northwest, view all 78 pages of the original Washington State Constitution and learn the history surrounding it, and explore the history of elections and voting in the state. The site also offers a collection of 96 images showing the construction and early history of the state's Legislative Building.

Milwaukee Neighborhoods: Photos and Maps, 1885-1992

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This website presents 638 images of the buildings and neighborhoods of Milwaukee that together document the development of the city of Milwaukee from the mid-1880s to the early 1990s. The collection brings together images from two rare books, the photograph collections of the American Geographical Society Library and the Archives Department at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Libraries, and two extensive photograph collections. Image subjects include residential and industrial facilities, local businesses, historic buildings, churches, and numerous Milwaukee parks.

An essay by professor Judith Kenny entitled Picturing Milwaukee makes use of images from the collection to examine the growth and development of Milwaukee and its 75 neighborhoods in the larger context of economic and social change. Topics addressed include early commercial development, industrialization, suburban development, and the post-World War II city. Additionally, there are 12 maps of Milwaukee that can be browsed separately. Each is accompanied by a descriptive record and a link to a larger image.

The collection can be searched by neighborhood, subject terms, or place/businesses. In addition to those interested in the history of Milwaukee, this site will be of interest to those studying urban development or historical architecture.

Woman's Legal History Biography Project

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The three sections of this website focus on women lawyers in the U.S. and women's legal history. The Women's Lawyers Index offers more than 700 listings of female lawyers in U.S. history, each with links to biographical information, collected papers and archival material (if available), and articles, as well as a bibliography. The content of these sections is uneven, though, some having far more entries than others.

The Clara Shortridge Foltz section primarily consists of 13 articles by Babcock on Foltz, the first female lawyer on the Pacific Coast. It focuses on the relation of early women lawyers to suffrage and other reform movements.

"Research Resources" provides 23 links to other websites on women lawyers and women's legal history, as well as over 50 links to historiographical articles, articles from periodicals and legal journals, and general interest articles. A bibliography lists 38 books and 18 articles dealing with women's legal history. This site is a useful launching point for researching female lawyers and women's legal history.

The Pill

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Designed as a companion to the PBS film, this site documents the development of the birth control pill and its effect on women's health. The site offers a synopsis of the film (approximately 1,000 words) and about a dozen primary sources, including letters between birth control pill researchers. The site also includes a timeline that documents references to birth control as far back in history as Biblical Genesis.

A Gallery showcases approximately 15 birth control pill package designs. People and Events introduces visitors to the researchers (including Margaret Sanger) who dedicated years to the project, as well as milestones in the pill's development. Special Features uses a Flash presentation to demonstrate how the pill works to prevent pregnancy, explores the many shifts in sexual attitudes that have been attributed to the pill, and asks viewers to participate in an online poll.

A Teacher's Guide features lesson plans in geography, civics, history, and society, and presents challenging exercises for students. For example, one exercise asks students to survey the effect geography had on sexual attitudes by comparing laws about contraception from state to state in 1960.

Although the site is not a comprehensive archive, the primary sources and multimedia exhibits make it valuable, especially for research into birth control and women's issues.

University of California History Digital Archives

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Still under construction, this site is dedicated to the history of the University of California, from its beginning as a land-grant university in 1868 to it current position as a multi-campus institution. It includes a 6,000-word essay on the founding and development of the college, as well as an interview with David Gardner, a former president of the university. The site also features several online exhibits, including The University at the Turn of the Century: 1899-2000. The strength of the site, though, is its collection of primary sources. Included are more than 70 oral histories by former administrators, politicians, students, and faculty, discussing their recollections. The site presents approximately 50 primary documents, including the 1868 act that established the school, and about 12 secondary sources. A detailed bibliography lists more than 100 books about the University of California. Students and teachers, as well as researchers, will find these resources invaluable, especially once when completed.

Women Working, 1800-1930

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This site offers textual and visual historical resources for teaching, learning, and researching the history of women working in the United States. It currently includes almost 3,500 digitized books, 7,500 manuscript pages, and 1,200 photographs. Holdings include letters, diaries, scrapbooks, magazines, catalogs, photographs, books, and pamphlets (both non-fiction and fiction).

Visitors may browse through the "New Additions" area, look through materials by topic (such as home labor, arts, or business), search catalog keywords, or perform a full text search.

Spalding Base Ball Guides, 1889-1939

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This site features an online selection of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide (1889–1939) and the Official Indoor Base Ball Guide (1903–1926). The collection reproduces 35 of the guides, which were published by the Spalding Athletic Company in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The guides featured statistics, photographs, editorials from baseball writers on the state of the game, and analysis of the previous season for all the Major League teams and for many of the so-called minor leagues across the nation.

Highlights include a host of World Series statistics. For example, the 1939 World Series saw attendance of 200,833 in four games. Total receipts totaled $851,168, and each member of the winning New York team received $5,782.76, while members of the runner-up Chicago team received $4,674.86.

Visitors can access the full text of each edition. The collection is searchable by keyword and browsable by title. Of interest to sports historians or historians of leisure or American culture.

The New Georgia Encyclopedia

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A web-based reference work, this site provides authoritative and accurate information on people, places, institutions, and events for many aspects of Georgia's life, history, and culture. The encyclopedia offers close to 2,000 articles and 8,000 multimedia files on a range of categories, including art, business, education, politics, history, religion, and sports with specific articles on topics such as architecture: building types (houses, public schools, roadside, and vernacular), military bases, folklife projects, and gymnastics at the University of Georgia.

Within the essays, there are links to related essays and external websites. There are also video and audio clips as well as images and some maps. New material is added regularly and the site also offers basic stats on the state, features and destinations, and galleries.

American Memory Learning Page

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Designed to provide support for elementary, middle, and high school history teachers, this site makes the entire American Memory collection at the Library of Congress available for classroom learning. Using the more than 7 million digital sources available through American Memory's 100 collections, the creators have written and collected 140 lesson plans for teaching American history. Organized chronologically and thematically, the lesson plans are detailed suggestions for classroom activities. Each has a recommended age group and uses primary sources collected by students or teachers from American Memory.

Especially useful are the included guides on using primary sources, using American Memory resources, and using digital or Internet sources in the classroom. A "Professional Development" section offers online workshops and tutorials to improve teachers' digital literacy. An excellent resource for the classroom, this site would be useful to both student and teacher.